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    • All HBS Web  (196)
      • Faculty Publications  (49)

      Polarization Remove Polarization →

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      • February 2023
      • Case

      Doing Business in São Paulo, Brazil

      By: Hise O. Gibson, Leonard A. Schlesinger, Ruth Costas and Pedro Levindo
      The case uses the example of a large investment made by French retail group Carrefour in Brazil to discuss the opportunities and challenges of doing businesses in the country. It gives readers an overview of Brazil’s economic transformation since its colonial years...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Cycles; Development Economics; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Economy; Macroeconomics; Business History; Brazil; Latin America
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      Gibson, Hise O., Leonard A. Schlesinger, Ruth Costas, and Pedro Levindo. "Doing Business in São Paulo, Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 323-084, February 2023.
      • February 2023
      • Article

      Homophily and Acrophily as Drivers of Political Segregation

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Joseph M. Abruzzo, Zi Huang, Jonas Schone, David Bailey, Robb Willer, Eran Halperin and James J. Gross
      Political segregation is an important social problem, increasing polarization and impeding effective governance. Previous work has viewed the central driver of segregation to be political homophily, the tendency to associate with others who have similar views. Here we...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Affiliation; Extremism; Values and Beliefs; Identity; Groups and Teams; Emotions; Civil Society or Community
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Joseph M. Abruzzo, Zi Huang, Jonas Schone, David Bailey, Robb Willer, Eran Halperin, and James J. Gross. "Homophily and Acrophily as Drivers of Political Segregation." Nature Human Behaviour 7, no. 2 (February 2023): 219–230.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Between Human Dignity and Security: Identifying Citizen and Elite Preferences and Concerns over Refugee Reception

      By: Kristin Fabbe, Eleni Kyrkopoulou and Mara Vidali
      Under what conditions do citizens and elites support the creation of migrant and refugee hosting facilities in their area, and what types of facilities do they prefer? What types of concerns underlay these preferences and how do they differ by ideology and elite...  View Details
      Keywords: National Security; Immigration; Refugees; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Greece
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      Fabbe, Kristin, Eleni Kyrkopoulou, and Mara Vidali. "Between Human Dignity and Security: Identifying Citizen and Elite Preferences and Concerns over Refugee Reception." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-026, November 2022.
      • November 16, 2022
      • Article

      America Is Pursuing Happiness in All the Wrong Places

      By: Arthur C. Brooks
      The U.S. is undergoing a crisis of our personal and shared sense of meaning as polarization rises and institutions erode. The solution is as simple as it is difficult: Love one another.  View Details
      Keywords: Happiness; Civil Society or Community; Family and Family Relationships; Government and Politics; United States
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      Brooks, Arthur C. "America Is Pursuing Happiness in All the Wrong Places." The Atlantic (November 16, 2022).
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Political Polarization of Corporate America

      By: Vyacheslav Fos, Elisabeth Kempf and Margarita Tsoutsoura
      Executive teams in U.S. firms are becoming increasingly partisan. We establish this new fact using political affiliations from voter registration records for top executives of S&P 1500 firms between 2008 and 2020. The new fact is explained by both an increasing share...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Polarization; Partisanship; Executives; Government and Politics; Business and Shareholder Relations; United States
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      Fos, Vyacheslav, Elisabeth Kempf, and Margarita Tsoutsoura. "The Political Polarization of Corporate America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-003, July 2022.
      • March–April 2022
      • Article

      Uncovering the Mitigating Psychological Response to Monitoring Technologies: Police Body Cameras Not Only Constrain but Also Depolarize

      By: Shefali V. Patil and Ethan Bernstein
      Despite organizational psychologists’ long-standing caution against monitoring (citing its reduction in employee autonomy and thus effectiveness), many organizations continue to use it, often with no detriment to performance and with strong support, not protest, from...  View Details
      Keywords: Monitoring; Transparency; Polarization; Body Worn Cameras; Quasi Field Experiment; Analytics and Data Science; Employees; Perception; Law Enforcement
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      Patil, Shefali V., and Ethan Bernstein. "Uncovering the Mitigating Psychological Response to Monitoring Technologies: Police Body Cameras Not Only Constrain but Also Depolarize." Organization Science 33, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 541–570. (*The authors contributed equally to this manuscript.)
      • Article

      Managing a Polarized Workforce: How to Foster Debate and Promote Trust

      By: Julia A. Minson and Francesca Gino
      One of the toughest challenges leaders face is managing diverse perspectives—and given heightened tensions over politics and movements such as #MeToo and Black Lives Matter, that’s more difficult today than ever before. At the same time, productive disagreement and...  View Details
      Keywords: Polarization; Employees; Perspective; Interpersonal Communication; Organizational Culture; Trust
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      Minson, Julia A., and Francesca Gino. "Managing a Polarized Workforce: How to Foster Debate and Promote Trust." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022): 63–71.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Campaign Finance Rules on Candidate Selection and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from France

      By: Nikolaj Broberg, Vincent Pons and Clémence Tricaud
      This paper investigates the effects of campaign finance rules on electoral outcomes. In French departmental and municipal elections, candidates competing in districts above 9,000 inhabitants face spending limits and are eligible for public reimbursement if they obtain...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Elections; Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Outcome or Result; France
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      Broberg, Nikolaj, Vincent Pons, and Clémence Tricaud. "The Impact of Campaign Finance Rules on Candidate Selection and Electoral Outcomes: Evidence from France." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29805, February 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Does Social Media Cause Polarization? Evidence from Access to Twitter Echo Chambers during the 2019 Argentine Presidential Debate

      By: Rafael Di Tella, Ramiro H. Gálvez and Ernesto Schargrodsky
      We study how two groups, those inside vs. those outside echo chambers, react to a political event when we vary social media status (Twitter). Our treatments mimic two strategies often suggested as a way to limit polarization on social media: they expose people to...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Polarization; Political Elections; Internet and the Web; Attitudes; Social Media; Argentina
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      Di Tella, Rafael, Ramiro H. Gálvez, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. "Does Social Media Cause Polarization? Evidence from Access to Twitter Echo Chambers during the 2019 Argentine Presidential Debate." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29458, November 2021.
      • September 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era

      By: Marco Tabellini
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      Tabellini, Marco. "Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 722-015, September 2021.
      • September 2021
      • Supplement

      The Boston Beer Company (B): Growth and Uncertainty

      By: Christina R. Wing and John Masko
      The first three years of CEO Dave Burwick’s tenure were tumultuous for the Boston Beer Company. The company’s hard seltzer products continued to grow unexpectedly quickly, eclipsing the company’s legacy Samuel Adams beer products. Meanwhile, a polarizing political...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Leadership; Strategy; Growth Management; Food and Beverage Industry; Boston; United States
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      Wing, Christina R., and John Masko. "The Boston Beer Company (B): Growth and Uncertainty." Harvard Business School Supplement 622-051, September 2021.
      • July 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Case

      Trouble at Basecamp: Managing Politics, Polarization, and Conflict in the Workplace (A)

      By: Nour Kteily, Deepak Malhotra and David Lane
      As founders of the software company Basecamp, Jason Fried and David H. Hansson were used to being the subjects of social media attention. Both maintained active and dedicated Twitter followings for their unique perspectives on management and life. But on April 26,...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Communication; Policy; Diversity; Fairness; Values and Beliefs; Governance; Employees; Working Conditions; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Work-Life Balance; Labor and Management Relations; Conflict and Resolution; Identity; Social Issues; Equality and Inequality; Digital Platforms; Conflict Management; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Kteily, Nour, Deepak Malhotra, and David Lane. "Trouble at Basecamp: Managing Politics, Polarization, and Conflict in the Workplace (A)." Harvard Business School Case 922-003, July 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • April 2021 (Revised August 2021)
      • Case

      Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era

      By: Marco Tabellini
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      Tabellini, Marco. "Reforming the U.S. Immigration Regime: A Polarizing Issue in a Polarized Era." Harvard Business School Case 721-022, April 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
      • May 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Teaching Note

      Brand Activism: Nike and Colin Kaepernick

      By: Jill Avery and Koen Pauwels
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-046. Nike’s selection of politically polarizing Colin Kaepernick as the spokesperson for the thirtieth anniversary of its iconic “Just Do It” campaign catapulted the brand into the media spotlight and made it a political flashpoint...  View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Brands and Branding; Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Communications; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Consumer Products Industry; Sports Industry; United States; North America
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      Avery, Jill, and Koen Pauwels. "Brand Activism: Nike and Colin Kaepernick." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-104, May 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Issue Salience and Political Stereotypes

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Marco Tabellini and David Yang
      U.S. voters exaggerate the differences in attitudes held by Republicans and Democrats on a range of socioeconomic and political issues, and higher perceived polarization is associated with greater political engagement and affective polarization. In this paper, we...  View Details
      Keywords: Politics; Stereotypes; Belief Distortions; Model; Government and Politics; Public Opinion; Values and Beliefs
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Marco Tabellini, and David Yang. "Issue Salience and Political Stereotypes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-106, April 2020. (Revised January 2021. Available also from VOX EU.)
      • March 2020
      • Case

      Braver Angels: A Grassroots Effort to Depolarize American Politics

      By: Francesca Gino, Julia A. Minson and Jeff Huizinga
      The founders of Braver Angels, an organization that uses family therapy principles to foster constructive dialogue between conservatives and liberals, consider how to improve its effectiveness and reach.  View Details
      Keywords: Political Polarization; Interpersonal Communication; Performance Effectiveness; Strategy; United States
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      Gino, Francesca, Julia A. Minson, and Jeff Huizinga. "Braver Angels: A Grassroots Effort to Depolarize American Politics." Harvard Business School Case 920-054, March 2020.
      • January 2020
      • Case

      Hurtigruten: Sailing into Warm Water?

      By: Jan W. Rivkin and Kerry Herman
      As this case opens in 2019, CEO Daniel Skjeldam and his team have successfully reinvigorated Hurtigruten, a storied but struggling Norwegian ferry and cruise operator, and have established it as the leading provider of polar expedition cruises. They now face a critical...  View Details
      Keywords: Relative Cost Analysis; Market Attractiveness; Diversification; Decision Making; Expansion; Tourism Industry; Norway
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      Rivkin, Jan W., and Kerry Herman. "Hurtigruten: Sailing into Warm Water?" Harvard Business School Case 720-410, January 2020.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      How Rupert Murdoch Outfoxed Larry Tisch: Ten Enduring Lessons from the Negotiations that Wrested the NFL from CBS

      By: James K. Sebenius
      A remarkable 1993 negotiation rocked the world of American football with aftershocks that have directly shaped today’s entertainment and media landscapes and even our polarized politics. In December of that year, Rupert Murdoch’s fledgling Fox Network unexpectedly...  View Details
      Keywords: Bargaining; Football; Negotiation; Sports; Media; Negotiation Tactics
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      Sebenius, James K. "How Rupert Murdoch Outfoxed Larry Tisch: Ten Enduring Lessons from the Negotiations that Wrested the NFL from CBS." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-098, March 2019.
      • 2019
      • Article

      Structural Balance Emerges and Explains Performance in Risky Decision-Making

      By: Omid Askarisichani, Jacqueline N. Lane, Francesco Bullo, Noah E. Friedkin, Ambuj K. Singh and Brian Uzzi
      Polarization affects many forms of social organization. A key issue focuses on which affective relationships are prone to change and how their change relates to performance. In this study, we analyze a financial institutional over a two-year period that employed 66...  View Details
      Keywords: Polarization; Structural Balance; Performance; Groups and Teams; Risk and Uncertainty; Decision Making
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      Askarisichani, Omid, Jacqueline N. Lane, Francesco Bullo, Noah E. Friedkin, Ambuj K. Singh, and Brian Uzzi. "Structural Balance Emerges and Explains Performance in Risky Decision-Making." Art. 2648. Nature Communications 10 (2019): 1–10.
      • December 2018 (Revised March 2020)
      • Technical Note

      Note on Economic Inequality (2020)

      By: Rebecca Henderson, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez
      For over half a century, most of the world's economies have enjoyed steady growth and prosperity. While this economic growth has reduced the number of people living in poverty, it has come with an increase in economic inequality. The gap between the "haves" and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Wealth Inequality; Equality Of Opportunity; Political Polarization; Economic Growth; Economics; Income; Wealth; Equality and Inequality; Society; Problems and Challenges
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      Henderson, Rebecca, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia, and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez. "Note on Economic Inequality (2020)." Harvard Business School Technical Note 319-071, December 2018. (Revised March 2020.)
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