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    • All HBS Web  (321)
      • Faculty Publications  (44)

      Platform Disruption Remove Platform Disruption →

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      • May 24, 2021
      • Article

      What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?

      By: Clifford Maxwell and Scott Duke Kominers
      Platforms like Airbnb, eBay, and Angie’s List have changed how markets work. But while many are innovative and make life easier for consumers, which are truly disruptive? Hewing to Clay Christensen’s theory of disruption, platforms—which operate as online...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Platforms; Disruption; Framework
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      Maxwell, Clifford, and Scott Duke Kominers. "What Makes an Online Marketplace Disruptive?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (May 24, 2021).
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Facebook's Libra (B): The Privatization of Money?

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Ethan Rouen, George Serafeim and Amy Klopfenstein
      This case addresses the events that took place following the conclusion of the case “Facebook’s Libra (A): The Privatization of Money?” In October 2019, several months after the conclusion of the A case, multiple members of the Libra Association announced that they...  View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Cryptocurrency; Accounting; Economics; Money; Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Policy; Governance Controls; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Disruptive Innovation; Information Technology; Digital Platforms; Information Infrastructure; Technology Industry; Europe; Switzerland; United States; California
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Ethan Rouen, George Serafeim, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Facebook's Libra (B): The Privatization of Money?" Harvard Business School Supplement 121-055, March 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Hotwire.com: Navigating Through Turbulence

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Manny de Zarraga and Eric Levine
      On September 10, 2001, after speaking at an industry conference at New York’s World Trade Center, Hotwire co-founder Spencer Rascoff boarded a flight from Newark to San Francisco. After returning home, Rascoff awoke the next morning to a phone call informing him that...  View Details
      Keywords: September 11; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Business Growth and Maturation; Disruption; Decisions; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Growth Management; Digital Platforms; Problems and Challenges; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; Internet and the Web; Leading Change; Leadership Style; Air Transportation Industry; Tourism Industry; San Francisco
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Manny de Zarraga, and Eric Levine. "Hotwire.com: Navigating Through Turbulence." Harvard Business School Case 821-084, March 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • March 2021
      • Case

      VideaHealth: Building the AI Factory

      By: Karim R. Lakhani and Amy Klopfenstein
      Florian Hillen, co-founder and CEO of VideaHealth, a startup that used artificial intelligence (AI) to detect dental conditions on x-rays, spent the early years of his company laying the groundwork for an AI factory. A process for quickly building and iterating on new...  View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Digital Platforms; Entrepreneurship; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; North and Central America; United States; Massachusetts; Cambridge
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      Lakhani, Karim R., and Amy Klopfenstein. "VideaHealth: Building the AI Factory." Harvard Business School Case 621-021, March 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Dan Maher and Dan O'Brien
      TikTok’s parent company, ByteDance, was launched in 2012 around a simple idea – helping users entertain themselves on their smartphones while on the Beijing Subway. In less than a decade, it had become one of the world’s most valuable private companies, with investors...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Business Organization; Change Management; Disruption; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Health Pandemics; Innovation Strategy; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Network Effects; Digital Platforms; Product Design; Product Development; Partners and Partnerships; Opportunities; Social Issues; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Internet and the Web; Value Creation; United States; China
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Dan Maher, and Dan O'Brien. "TikTok in 2020: Super App or Supernova?" Harvard Business School Case 821-087, February 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Arçelik: From a Dealer Network to an Omnichannel Experience

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Fares Khrais
      Arçelik Turkey, the country’s market leader in household appliances, was at an omnichannel crossroads in January 2020. Arçelik was a B2B player utilizing a dealership network with an umbrella of brands and had one of the largest brick-and-mortar store networks in...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Transformation; Digital Marketing; Bricks And Mortar; Franchise Management; Franchising; Dealer Network; Dealers; B2B; B2B2C; Tradition; Culture Change; Cultural Adaptation; Omnichannel; Omnichannel Retail; Omni-channel; Omnichannel Retailing; Sales Channels; Sales Channel Development; Channel Management; Channels Of Distribution; Marketplace; Platforms; Collaboration; Online Channel; Online Data; Online Sales; Online Shopping; Online; Retail; Retailing; Disruption; Transformation; Franchise Ownership; Change Management; Partners and Partnerships; Consumer Behavior; Sales; Internet and the Web; Marketing Strategy; Conflict and Resolution; Conflict Management; Organizational Culture; Distribution Channels; Electronics Industry; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Turkey
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Fares Khrais. "Arçelik: From a Dealer Network to an Omnichannel Experience." Harvard Business School Case 521-067, January 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • December 2020
      • Case

      XP: Dual Track Financing Alternatives

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
      XP, an investment platform, was on the verge of defining whether to do an IPO or selling off a majority stake to Itaú Unibanco, Brazil´s largest financial conglomerate. Under the leadership of Guilherme Benchimol, XP´s co-founder and CEO, XP had risen to become the...  View Details
      Keywords: Financing Decisions; Expansion; Decision Choices and Conditions; Latin America; Brazil
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Pedro Levindo, and Carla Larangeira. "XP: Dual Track Financing Alternatives." Harvard Business School Case 221-029, December 2020.
      • November 2020
      • Article

      Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re‐Shapes Two‐Sided Platforms

      By: Daniel Trabucchi, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza and Alan MacCormack
      The importance of platform‐based businesses in the modern economy is growing continuously and becoming increasingly relevant. Specifically, the deployment of digital technologies has enhanced the applicability of two‐sided business models, enabling companies to act not...  View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Two-Sided Platforms; Business Model; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation
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      Trabucchi, Daniel, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza, and Alan MacCormack. "Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re‐Shapes Two‐Sided Platforms." Journal of Product Innovation Management 37, no. 6 (November 2020): 552–574.
      • October 2020
      • Supplement

      OpenIDEO (B)

      By: Karim R. Lakhani, Anne-Laure Fayard, Manos Gkeredakis and Jin Hyun Paik
      In the midst of 2020, as the coronavirus pandemic was unfolding, OpenIDEO—an online open innovation platform focused on design-driven solutions to social issues—rapidly launched a new challenge to improve access to health information, empower communities to stay safe...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Competitions; IDEO; Contests; Contest Design; Platforms And Ecosystems; Open Innovation; Open And User Innovation Strategy; Diversity; Design; Social Entrepreneurship; Global Range; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Health Pandemics; Health; Information; Business and Community Relations
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      Lakhani, Karim R., Anne-Laure Fayard, Manos Gkeredakis, and Jin Hyun Paik. "OpenIDEO (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-058, October 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Uber: Competing Globally

      By: Alexander J. MacKay
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-404.  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Global Strategy; Globalization; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Law; Management; Growth and Development; Growth Management; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Network Effects; Emerging Markets; Market Design; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Supply and Industry; Industry Structures; Planning; Strategic Planning; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Labor and Management Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Digital Platforms; Transportation Networks; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Ghana; Asia; China; Shanghai; Shanghai Shi; India; New Delhi; Europe; United Kingdom; London; England; Latin America; North and Central America; United States; New York (city, NY); New York (state, US); South America; Colombia
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      MacKay, Alexander J. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 721-387, September 2020.
      • April 2020 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Uber: Competing Globally

      By: Alexander J. MacKay, Amram Migdal and John Masko
      This case describes Uber’s global market entry strategy and responses by regulators and local competitors. It details Uber’s entry into New York City (New York), Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Shanghai (China), Accra (Ghana), and London (United Kingdom). In each...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Globalization; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Law; Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Network Effects; Emerging Markets; Market Design; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Supply and Industry; Industry Structures; Planning; Strategic Planning; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Labor and Management Relations; Networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Digital Platforms; Transportation; Transportation Networks; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Ghana; Asia; China; Shanghai Shi; Shanghai; India; New Delhi; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London; Latin America; North and Central America; United States; New York (city, NY); New York (state, US); South America; Colombia
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      MacKay, Alexander J., Amram Migdal, and John Masko. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Case 720-404, April 2020. (Revised January 2022.)
      • Spring 2020
      • Article

      The Future of Platforms

      By: Michael A. Cusumano, David B. Yoffie and Annabelle Gawer
      Platforms power the world’s most valuable companies, but it will get harder and harder to capture and monetize their disruptive potential.  View Details
      Keywords: Platform Businesses; Platform; Strategy
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      Cusumano, Michael A., David B. Yoffie, and Annabelle Gawer. "The Future of Platforms." Art. 61304. Special Issue on Disruption 2020. MIT Sloan Management Review 61, no. 3 (Spring 2020).
      • March 2020
      • Case

      Hotstar

      By: Krishna G. Palepu and Kairavi Dey
      Hotstar was an online video streaming platform owned by Star India Private Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Walt Disney Corporation. Since its launch in 2015, the platform had grown to offer over 100,000 hours of TV content, movies in nine Indian languages...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Entrepreneurship; Television Entertainment; Disruption; Business Strategy; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Media and Broadcasting Industry; India; Mumbai
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      Palepu, Krishna G., and Kairavi Dey. "Hotstar." Harvard Business School Case 120-015, March 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Module Note

      Scaling and Sustaining Platform Businesses

      By: Feng Zhu
      Keywords: Platform Businesses; Platform Disruption; Platforms; Technology Industry
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      Zhu, Feng. "Scaling and Sustaining Platform Businesses." Harvard Business School Module Note 620-108, March 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Module Note

      Business Model Transformation in the Platform Age

      By: Feng Zhu
      Although some digital platforms are highly successful, most firms today are still traditional product- or service-based firms. To take advantage of the opportunities created by platform business models, traditional firms can work with existing platforms to become their...  View Details
      Keywords: Platforms; Platform Businesses; Platform Disruption; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Transformation
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      Zhu, Feng. "Business Model Transformation in the Platform Age." Harvard Business School Module Note 620-109, March 2020.
      • February 2020
      • Case

      Klöckner & Co: Steeling for a Digital World

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Carin-Isabel Knoop
      Hoping to get ahead of potential digital disruption at Klöckner & Co.—one of the world’s largest steel and metal distributors—CEO Gisbert Rühl set up both kloeckner.i (KCI), an internal transformation arm, and XOM Materials (XOM), an independent industry platform. KCI...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Transformation; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Market Design; Digital Platforms; Markets; Industry Structures; Supply and Industry; Technology Adoption; Transformation; Steel Industry; Information Technology Industry; Europe; Germany
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Klöckner & Co: Steeling for a Digital World." Harvard Business School Case 820-035, February 2020.
      • October 2019 (Revised August 2020)
      • Case

      The Predictive Index

      By: Lynda M. Applegate and James Weber
      Mike Zani and Daniel Muzquiz needed to decide next steps to create a new category in the human resources consulting industry and scale their company.
      Zani and Muzquiz, serial entrepreneurs, acquired Predictive Index in 2014. Previously, as clients of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Resources; Selection and Staffing; Talent and Talent Management; Recruitment; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Change Management; Disruptive Innovation; Digital Platforms; Growth and Development Strategy; Consulting Industry; Service Industry; United States
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      Applegate, Lynda M., and James Weber. "The Predictive Index." Harvard Business School Case 820-034, October 2019. (Revised August 2020.)
      • 9 Jun 2019 - 11 Jun 2019
      • Conference Presentation

      Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re-Shapes Two-Sided Platforms

      By: Daniel Trabucchi, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza and Alan MacCormack
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      Trabucchi, Daniel, Antonella Moretto, Tommaso Buganza, and Alan MacCormack. "Disrupting the Disruptors or Enhancing Them? How Blockchain Re-Shapes Two-Sided Platforms." Paper presented at the 26th Innovation and Product Development Management Conference, European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Leicester, UK, June 9–11, 2019.
      • April 2019
      • Case

      Afterpay U.S.: The Omnichannel Dilemma

      By: Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe and George Gonzalez
      In 2018, Nick Molnar, the founder of the Australia-based online payment service Afterpay began its expansion to the U.S. market. The service had gained a loyal following in Australia by enabling customers to pay for online purchases through four interest-free...  View Details
      Keywords: Omnichannel Retail; Multi-sided Platforms; Value Creation; Business Model Innovation; Fintech; Digital Marketing; Disruptive Innovation; Business Startups; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-Profit Firms; Change Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Satisfaction; Financing and Loans; Microfinance; Global Strategy; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Marketing Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Product Development; Supply Chain Management; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Network Effects; Internet and the Web; Financial Services Industry; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Australia
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      Moreno, Antonio, Donald Ngwe, and George Gonzalez. "Afterpay U.S.: The Omnichannel Dilemma." Harvard Business School Case 519-086, April 2019.
      • April 2019 (Revised March 2020)
      • Case

      Handy: The Future of Work? (A)

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh and Kieron Stopforth
      Witnessing numerous lawsuits alleging that online platform companies misclassified workers as contractors when they were actually employees, Handy’s founders faced a series of decisions. Handy was an online platform business that enabled customers to book appointments...  View Details
      Keywords: Employment; Working Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Compensation and Benefits; Internet and the Web; Ethics; Fairness; Service Industry; United States
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê, and Kieron Stopforth. "Handy: The Future of Work? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 319-103, April 2019. (Revised March 2020.)
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