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    • All HBS Web  (198)
      • Faculty Publications  (42)

      Pharmaceutical SalesRemove Pharmaceutical Sales →

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      • December 2022
      • Article

      The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies

      By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew and Amitabh Chandra
      Context: To what extent does pharmaceutical revenue growth depend on new medicines versus increasing prices for existing medicines? Moreover, does using list prices, as is commonly done, instead of prices net of confidential rebates offered by manufacturers, which are... View Details
      Keywords: Revenue; Price; Policy; Business Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Kakani, Pragya, Michael Chernew, and Amitabh Chandra. "The Contribution of Price Growth to Pharmaceutical Revenue Growth in the United States: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 47, no. 6 (December 2022): 629–648.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Tiffany Farrell
      Can an online, direct-to-consumer pharmacy both improve the quality and speed of care for patients who need branded drugs and stabilize profits for pharmaceutical manufacturers? UpScript, after years spent achieving legal and regulatory compliance and simultaneous... View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Internet and the Web; Marketing Channels; Customer Value and Value Chain; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Strategy; Service Delivery; Growth and Development Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Tiffany Farrell. "The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales." Harvard Business School Case 323-031, November 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Giving a Buck or Making a Buck? Donations by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers to Independent Patient Assistance Charities

      By: Leemore Dafny, Christopher Ody and Teresa Rokos
      The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits biopharmaceutical manufacturers from directly covering Medicare enrollees’ out-of-pocket spending for the drugs they manufacture, but manufacturers may donate to independent patient assistance charities and earmark donations... View Details
      Keywords: Cost Sharing; Prescription Drugs; Drug Spending; Medicare; Dual Eligibility; Cost; Health Care and Treatment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Dafny, Leemore, Christopher Ody, and Teresa Rokos. "Giving a Buck or Making a Buck? Donations by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers to Independent Patient Assistance Charities." Health Affairs 41, no. 9 (September 2022).
      • April 2019 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Clear Link Technologies, LLC: Driving Sales with Peer Effects

      By: Christopher Stanton, Richard Saouma and Olivia Hull
      The importance of a good peer or coworker is widely discussed, but understanding the glue that makes coworkers valuable is less understood. This case sheds light on the importance of peers and the practices and environments that make a group greater than the sum of its... View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Interactive Communication; Experience and Expertise; Decision Making; Training; Design; Compensation and Benefits; Knowledge Acquisition; Knowledge Sharing; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Measurement and Metrics; Outcome or Result; Performance; Performance Improvement; Research; Sales; Salesforce Management; Motivation and Incentives; Telecommunications Industry; Utah; United States
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      Stanton, Christopher, Richard Saouma, and Olivia Hull. "Clear Link Technologies, LLC: Driving Sales with Peer Effects." Harvard Business School Case 819-072, April 2019. (Revised January 2025.)
      • January 2018 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      ZappRx

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Olivia Hull
      In October 2015, ZappRx founder Zoe Barry is deciding between two business models for her health technology start-up. Her product, a software application that aims to expedite the prescription fulfillment process for patients with rare diseases, has attracted interest... View Details
      Keywords: Speciality Drugs; Hub Services; Pivot; Speciality Prescriptions; Health Care and Treatment; Customization and Personalization; Internet and the Web; Business Model; Decision Choices and Conditions; Pharmaceutical Industry; Massachusetts
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Olivia Hull. "ZappRx." Harvard Business School Case 818-001, January 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
      • December 2017
      • Case

      Charity or Bribery?

      By: Eugene Soltes and Brian Tilley
      Filip Kowalski, a senior manager at the pharmaceutical company Healthgen, leads sales for the firm’s Polish division. While pitching Healthgen’s products, he develops a relationship with a director of a regional health fund who also runs a private foundation. After a... View Details
      Keywords: Bribery; Crime and Corruption; Law; Ethics; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; United States; Europe
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      Soltes, Eugene, and Brian Tilley. "Charity or Bribery?" Harvard Business School Case 118-052, December 2017.
      • December 2017 (Revised January 2018)
      • Case

      Alltech

      By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
      Alltech was a Lexington, Kentucky–based producer of supplements for animal feed, with revenues of over $2 billion (projected to reach $3 billion in 2018), sales in 120 countries, 5,000 employees, and 100 manufacturing plants worldwide. For nearly four decades, Alltech... View Details
      Keywords: Alltech; United States; Agribusiness; Agriculture; Animal; Animal Agriculture; Animal Feed; Livestock; Family Business; Vertical Integration; Strategy; Growth; Feed Additives; Feed Supplements; Kentucky; Growth Strategy; Family Businesses; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Acquisition; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Change Management; Trends; Governance; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development; Intellectual Property; Leadership; Management; Markets; Organizational Culture; Private Ownership; Science; Quality; Risk and Uncertainty; Research; Sales; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; Kentucky; Brazil; China
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      Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Alltech." Harvard Business School Case 518-001, December 2017. (Revised January 2018.)
      • August 2017 (Revised July 2018)
      • Case

      MannKind Corporation: Take a Deep Breath, This Time Afrezza Will Work

      By: Elie Ofek and Amanda Dai
      In June 2014, MannKind Corporation announced that after years of development and billions of dollars in expenses, the FDA had finally approved its drug, Afrezza. MannKind would thus be the only company with an inhalable insulin on the market. As an alternative to... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Marketing Strategy; Adoption; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Amanda Dai. "MannKind Corporation: Take a Deep Breath, This Time Afrezza Will Work." Harvard Business School Case 518-031, August 2017. (Revised July 2018.)
      • May 2017
      • Article

      When Discounts Raise Costs: The Effect of Copay Coupons on Generic Utilization

      By: Leemore S. Dafny, Christopher Ody and Matt Schmitt
      Branded pharmaceutical manufacturers frequently offer “copay coupons” that insulate consumers from cost sharing, thereby undermining insurers’ ability to influence drug utilization. We study the impact of copay coupons on branded drugs first facing generic entry... View Details
      Keywords: Brands and Branding; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Dafny, Leemore S., Christopher Ody, and Matt Schmitt. "When Discounts Raise Costs: The Effect of Copay Coupons on Generic Utilization." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 2 (May 2017): 91–123.
      • April 2017
      • Supplement

      Imprimis (C)

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Karen Elterman and Marc Appel
      This case is a supplement to Imprimis (A & B). Set in 2015, it first describes Imprimis’s decision to introduce its own line of compounded eye drop medication called LessDrops. The case then examines the moral dilemma faced by CEO Mark Baum, who was struck by the... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Moral Sensibility; Competitive Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Karen Elterman, and Marc Appel. "Imprimis (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 717-497, April 2017.
      • February 2016 (Revised February 2017)
      • Case

      Alvogen

      By: Daniel Isenberg and William Kerr
      Alvogen is a young Icelandic generic pharmaceutical company, whose CEO believes that his global strategy will give them an edge in this competitive industry.
      Robert Wessman, Alvogen’s CEO, was also previously the CEO of Actavis, another Icelandic generics... View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceutical Companies; Generic Drugs; Entrepreneurship; Globalization; Risk and Uncertainty; Pharmaceutical Industry; Iceland
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      Isenberg, Daniel, and William Kerr. "Alvogen." Harvard Business School Case 816-064, February 2016. (Revised February 2017.)
      • March 2015
      • Case

      Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp: Redefining Success in the U.S. (A)

      By: Gautam Mukunda, Thomas DeLong and Aldo Sesia
      Over the course of a tumultuous weekend in April 2010, André Wyss was put in charge of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation (NPC), the U.S. sales and marketing subsidiary of Novartis Pharma AG. He was brought in at a critical point in the organization's evolution with... View Details
      Keywords: LEAD; Talent Management; Leadership And Change Management; Change Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Restructuring; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Mukunda, Gautam, Thomas DeLong, and Aldo Sesia. "Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp: Redefining Success in the U.S. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 415-013, March 2015.
      • September 2014
      • Supplement

      Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (B)

      By: John A. Quelch and James Weber
      This (B) case provides a brief description of the outcome of the (A) case. View Details
      Keywords: Health Care Policy; Pharmaceutical Sales; Mergers And Acquisitions; Marketing; Pharmaceutical Industry; United Kingdom; United States
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      Quelch, John A., and James Weber. "Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 515-008, September 2014.
      • September 2014 (Revised February 2015)
      • Case

      Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (A)

      By: John A. Quelch and James Weber
      In 2014, Pfizer proposed a friendly acquisition of AstraZeneca, but the AstraZeneca board resisted over price and strategy concerns. Was this good for pharmaceutical consumers? Pfizer, like pharmaceutical companies in general, faced difficulties in growing sales due to... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care Policy; Mergers And Acquisitions; Marketing; Government Relations; Crisis Management; Decision Making; Growth and Development; Management; Markets; Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; United Kingdom; United States
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      Quelch, John A., and James Weber. "Pfizer and AstraZeneca: Marketing an Acquisition (A)." Harvard Business School Case 515-007, September 2014. (Revised February 2015.)
      • January 2014 (Revised January 2014)
      • Supplement

      GlaxoSmithKline in China (C)

      By: John Quelch and Margaret L. Rodriguez
      Keywords: China; Healthcare; Pharmaceutical Sales; Ethics; Multinational Firms and Management; Pharmaceutical Industry; China
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      Quelch, John, and Margaret L. Rodriguez. "GlaxoSmithKline in China (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 514-092, January 2014. (Revised January 2014.) (This case is a follow up to GlaxoSmithKline (A), 514049 and GlaxoSmithKline (B), 514050.)
      • Article

      Prosocial Bonuses Increase Employee Satisfaction and Team Performance

      By: Lalin Anik, Lara B. Aknin, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Michael I. Norton and Jordi Quoidbach
      In three field studies, we explore the impact of providing employees and teammates with prosocial bonuses, a novel type of bonus spent on others rather than on oneself. In Experiment 1, we show that prosocial bonuses in the form of donations to charity lead to happier... View Details
      Keywords: Satisfaction; Groups and Teams; Performance; Compensation and Benefits; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Canada; Belgium; Australia
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      Anik, Lalin, Lara B. Aknin, Elizabeth W. Dunn, Michael I. Norton, and Jordi Quoidbach. "Prosocial Bonuses Increase Employee Satisfaction and Team Performance." PLoS ONE 8, no. 9 (September 2013): 1–8.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Prosocial Bonuses Increase Employee Satisfaction and Team Performance

      By: Lalin Anik, Lara B. Aknin, Michael I. Norton, Elizabeth W. Dunn and Jordi Quoidbach
      In two field studies, we explore the impact of providing employees and teammates with prosocial bonuses, a novel type of bonus spent on others rather than on oneself. In Experiment 1, we show that prosocial bonuses in the form of donations to charity lead to happier... View Details
      Keywords: Satisfaction; Groups and Teams; Performance; Compensation and Benefits; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Canada; Belgium; Australia
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      Anik, Lalin, Lara B. Aknin, Michael I. Norton, Elizabeth W. Dunn, and Jordi Quoidbach. "Prosocial Bonuses Increase Employee Satisfaction and Team Performance." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-095, May 2013.
      • November 2012
      • Supplement

      Amylin Pharmaceuticals (B)

      By: Richard G. Hamermesh and Carin-Isabel Knoop
      Amylin Pharmaceuticals brought two first-in-class diabetes drugs to market, Byetta and Symlin, in 2005, which were sold in over 80 countries with $650.7 million in sales by 2011. However, the company remained unprofitable as sales plateaued. The small pharmaceutical... View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Health Care and Treatment; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Hamermesh, Richard G., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Amylin Pharmaceuticals (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 813-091, November 2012.
      • May 2011
      • Case

      The Morrison Company

      By: Steven C. Wheelwright and Paul Meyers
      The Morrison Company develops and manufactures radio frequency identification tags (RFID) known as smart labels for the retail and pharmaceutical industries. RFID technology is a fast-growing and increasingly competitive industry. Sales have risen dramatically over the... View Details
      Keywords: Quantitative Analysis; Technology; Operations Management; Product Lines; Manufacturing; Capacity Planning; Production Planning; Information Technology; Strategy; Production; Organizational Structure; Infrastructure; Product Development; Information Infrastructure; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Wheelwright, Steven C., and Paul Meyers. "The Morrison Company." Harvard Business School Brief Case 114-564, May 2011.
      • November 2010
      • Supplement

      Hikma Pharmaceuticals (B)

      By: John A. Quelch
      By 2009, Hikma Pharmaceuticals operated 13 manufacturing plants in 8 countries of which 5 were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Hikma tracked its sales revenues over the period to show where the largest contributors were from. View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Sales; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Quelch, John A. "Hikma Pharmaceuticals (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 511-075, November 2010.
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