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We review the extensive literature since 2000 on the personality traits of entrepreneurs. We first consider baseline personality traits like the...
- June 2021
- Article
Cognition and Emotion in Extreme Political Action: Individual Differences and Dynamic Interactions
By: Leor Zmigrod and Amit Goldenberg
Who is most likely to join and engage in extreme political action? While traditional theories have focused on situational factors or group identity attributes, an emerging science illustrates that tendencies for extreme political action may also be rooted in...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Spiritual Philanthropy in Emerging Markets
By: Valeria Giacomin and G. Jones
This working paper discusses the ethics and drivers of philanthropic foundations in emerging markets. A foundation organizes assets to invest in philanthropic initiatives. Previous scholarship has largely focused on developed countries, especially the United States,...
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- 2021
- Comment
Willpower Is a Form of, but Not Synonymous with, Self-control
By: Ariella S. Kristal and Julian Zlatev
We build on Ainslie's discussion of willpower by highlighting another common misconception in the literature: the conflation of self-control and willpower. In our commentary, we identify this issue and discuss the importance of recognizing willpower not as synonymous...
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- March 2021
- Case
Bill Wilson: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Max Saffer
This case describes the life choices of Bill Wilson, the founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. A young man with tremendous potential, Wilson hit rock bottom as a drunk. An epiphany, coupled with his personal drive, led him to build a worldwide organization that has helped...
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- March 2021
- Case
James Bryant Conant: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the rise of James Conant from a working-class neighborhood in Boston to president of Harvard University. The case describes how Conant, as a young man interested in chemistry and physics, embarks on studies to build his academic credentials and the...
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- February 2021
- Case
Marie Curie: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Shirley Sun
This case describes the rise of Marie Curie from a poor family in Poland to the pinnacle of scientific fame. The case describes how Curie, as a young woman interested in science, found a way to earn a doctorate at the Sorbonne and perform pathbreaking research on...
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- February 2021
- Case
Sarah Breedlove: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Max Saffer
This case describes the rise of Sarah Breedlove, who later called herself Madam C.J. Walker, from the cotton fields of Louisiana to the head of a successful, nationwide beauty company providing opportunity and hair care products to Black women. The case describes how...
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- February 2021
- Case
Walt Disney: Changing the World
By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
This case describes the rise of Walt Disney, founder of the worldwide entertainment company. The case describes how Disney, as a young artist, created memorable figures such as Mickey Mouse and went on to produce Academy-award-winning films and build the world’s most...
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- February 2021
- Case
Muhammad Ali: Changing The World
By: Robert Simons and Max Saffer
This case describes the rise of Cassius Clay, who later called himself Muhammad Ali, from the poor streets of Louisville, Kentucky to international fame. The case describes how Ali won a gold medal in the Olympics, three heavyweight boxing titles, and became a role...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Information Avoidance and Image Concerns
By: Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
A rich literature finds that individuals avoid information, even information that is instrumental to their choices. A common hypothesis posits that individuals strategically avoid information to hold particular beliefs or to take certain actions--such as behaving...
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- January 2021
- Case
Dwight D. Eisenhower: Changing the World
By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
This case describes the rise of Dwight (Ike) Eisenhower from a small town in Kansas to the pinnacle of power on the world stage. During his life, Eisenhower was leader of the Allied Forces in World War II, president of Columbia University, head of NATO, and president...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Virtuous Victims
By: Jillian J. Jordan and Maryam Kouchaki
How do people perceive the moral character of victims? We find, across a range of transgressions, that people frequently see victims of wrongdoing as more moral than non-victims who have behaved identically. Across 15 experiments (total n = 9,355), we document this...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Bollywood, Skin Color and Sexism: The Role of the Film Industry in Emboldening and Contesting Stereotypes in India after Independence
By: Sudev Sheth, Geoffrey Jones and Morgan Spencer
This working paper examines the social impact of the film industry in India during the first four decades after Indian Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India and the counterpart in scale to Hollywood in the United States, shared...
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- January 2021
- Article
How Personality and Policy Predict Pandemic Behavior: Understanding Sheltering-in-Place in 55 Countries at the Onset of COVID-19
By: Friedrich M. Götz, Andrés Gvirtz, Adam D. Galinsky and Jon M. Jachimowicz
The spread of COVID-19 within any given country or community at the onset of the pandemic depended in part on the sheltering-in-place rate of its citizens. The pandemic led us to revisit one of psychology’s most fundamental and most basic questions in a high-stakes...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Subhradip Sarker
While there is evidence about labor market discrimination based on race, religion, and gender, we know little about whether physical appearance leads to discrimination in labor market outcomes. We deploy a randomized experiment on 1,000 respondents in India between...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Quiet Fires Fail to Impress: Introverted Expressions of Passion Receive Less Social Worth
By: Grace Cormier and Jon M. Jachimowicz
Thinking of passionate people typically brings to mind their vivacious expressions. Prior research has shown that such outward manifestations of passion are often met with increased admiration and support by others. But not everyone may express their passion so...
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Keywords:
Passion;
Personality;
Support;
Social Worth;
Personal Characteristics;
Behavior;
Perception;
Value
- 2020
- Article
The Upside to Feeling Worse Than Average (WTA): A Conceptual Framework to Understand When, How, and for Whom Worse-Than-Average Beliefs Have Long-Term Benefits
By: Ashley V. Whillans, Frances Chen and Alex Jordan
Our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped in critical ways by our beliefs about how we compare to other people. Past research has predominantly focused on the consequences of believing oneself to be better than average (BTA). Research on the consequences of...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Fostering Perceptions of Authenticity via Sensitive Self-Disclosure
By: Li Jiang, Maryam Kouchaki, Francesca Gino, Reihane Boghrati and Leslie John
Leaders’ perceived authenticity—the sense that a leader is acting in accordance with her “true self” —is associated with positive outcomes for both employees and organizations alike. How might a leader foster this impression? Using field and experimental data, we test...
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- 2020
- Book
Edge: Turning Adversity into Advantage
By: Laura Huang
Having an edge is about gaining an advantage, but it goes beyond just advantage. It's about recognizing that others will have their own perceptions about us, right or wrong. When you recognize the power in those perceptions and flip them in your favor, you create an...
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- 2020
- Article
Towards Modeling the Variability of Human Attention
By: Kuno Kim, Megumi Sano, Julian De Freitas, Daniel Yamins and Nick Haber
Children exhibit extraordinary exploratory behaviors hypothesized to contribute to the
building of models of their world. Harnessing this capacity in artificial systems promises
not only more flexible technology but also cognitive models of the...
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