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      • Faculty Publications  (342)

      Performance Measures Remove Performance Measures →

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      13 Financial Performance Measures Managers Should Monitor | HBS Online
      Harvard Business School HBS Online Business Insights Harvard Business School Online's Business Insights Blog provides the career insights you need to...
      Balancing Performance Measures
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      • March–April 2021
      • Article

      Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them

      By: Jodi L Short and Michael W. Toffel
      The pandemic has placed a new spotlight on working conditions in factories that supply global companies. To avert problems, firms often impose codes of conduct on their suppliers and perform audits to assess compliance. Do these measures help identify unethical...  View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Supply Chain; Agency Cost; Quality And Safety; Quality; Quality Management System; Quality Management; Unions; Wages; Environmental Management; Globalization; Goods And Commodities; Governance; Labor; Labor Unions; Working Conditions; Operations; Supply Chain; Safety; China; Bangladesh; Asia; Pakistan
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      Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021).
      • February 2021
      • Article

      Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems

      By: A Jay Holmgren, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman and Kevin A. Schulman
      Importance: Understanding how the electronic health record (EHR) system changes clinician work, productivity, and well-being is critical. Little is known regarding global variation in patterns of use.
      Objective: To provide insights into which EHR...  View Details
      Keywords: Electronic Health Records; Health Care And Treatment; Online Technology; Health Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      Holmgren, A Jay, Lance Downing, David W. Bates, Tait D. Shanafelt, Arnold Milstein, Christopher Sharp, David Cutler, Robert S. Huckman, and Kevin A. Schulman. "Assessment of Electronic Health Record Use Between U.S. and Non-U.S. Health Systems." JAMA Internal Medicine 181, no. 2 (February 2021): 251–259.
      • February 2021
      • Article

      Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic and Mary Witkowski
      This article describes the challenges and solutions in determining whether a patient’s treatment has been successful. Such an assessment depends on multiple factors, including the patient’s pretreatment status; the qualifications of personnel performing the treatment;...  View Details
      Keywords: Outcomes Measurement; Health Care And Treatment; Outcome Or Result; measurement And Metrics
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Lara Jehi, Clifford Y. Ko, Andrea Pusic, and Mary Witkowski. "Health Care Measurements That Improve Patient Outcomes." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 2, no. 2 (February 2021).
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?

      By: Hongyu Xiao, Andy Wu and Jaeho Kim
      We estimate the causal effect of workplace–home commuting distance on inventor productivity. We construct a novel panel of U.S. inventors with precisely measured workplace–home distances and inventor-level productivity. Our identification strategy exploits firm office...  View Details
      Keywords: Commuting; Proximity; Inventors; Innovation; Relocation; Telecommuting; Geographic Location; Technological Innovation; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; United States
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      Xiao, Hongyu, Andy Wu, and Jaeho Kim. "Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?" Art. 103300. Journal of Urban Economics 121 (January 2021).
      • Article

      Healthy Buildings in 2070

      By: John D. Macomber and Joseph G. Allen
      Fifty years seems a very long time in the future for most industries. Not so in buildings and real estate; built structures routinely last decades if not hundreds of years, as long as they are economically competitive. Any discussion of the 50-year future has to...  View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Real Estate; Architectural Innovation; Public Health; Health; Buildings And Facilities; Well-being
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      Macomber, John D., and Joseph G. Allen. "Healthy Buildings in 2070." The Bridge 50, no. S (Winter 2020): 11–14. (Special 50th Anniversary Issue edited by Ronald M. Latanision.)
      • Article

      Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan

      By: Susanna Gallani, Takehisa Kajiwara and Ranjani Krishnan
      Mandatory measurement and disclosure of outcome measures are commonly used policy tools in healthcare. The effectiveness of such disclosures relies on the extent to which the new information produced by the mandatory system is internalized by the healthcare...  View Details
      Keywords: Value Of Information; Feedback; Patient Satisfaction; Healthcare; Health Care And Treatment; Satisfaction; Information; measurement And Metrics; performance Improvement
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      Gallani, Susanna, Takehisa Kajiwara, and Ranjani Krishnan. "Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan." International Journal of Health Economics and Management 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 319–357.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care

      By: Amitabh Chandra, Pragya Kakani and Adam Sacarny
      We develop a simple framework to measure the role of hospital allocation in racial disparities in health care and use it to study Black and white Medicare patients who are treated for heart attacks—a condition where virtually everyone receives care, hospital care is...  View Details
      Keywords: Health Care And Treatment; Equality And Inequality; Race; Analysis
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      Chandra, Amitabh, Pragya Kakani, and Adam Sacarny. "Hospital Allocation and Racial Disparities in Health Care." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28018, November 2020.
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Supplement

      Student Success at Georgia State University (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      This is a supplement to the Student Success at Georgia State University (A) case. The (B) case includes the results of a randomized control trial that Georgia State conducted to test education technology start-up AdmitHub’s chatbot solution as a strategy for improving...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Values And Beliefs; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; performance; performance Effectiveness; performance Evaluation; performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-039, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Student Success at Georgia State University (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      Georgia State University had developed a reputation for driving student success by nearly doubling its graduation rate for students of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It did so while growing its student body and the proportion of Black/African...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; performance; performance Effectiveness; performance Evaluation; Service Operations; performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (A)." Harvard Business School Case 621-006, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Article

      Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research

      By: Jody Grewal and George Serafeim
      We review the literature on corporate sustainability and provide directions for future research. Our review focuses on three actions: measuring, managing and communicating corporate sustainability performance. Measurement is the least developed of the three and...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Sustainability Reporting; Sustainability Management; Nonfinancial Disclosure; Nonfinancial Information; Nonfinancial Performance; Materiality; Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Esg Disclosure; Esg Disclosure Metrics; Esg Ratings; Esg Reporting; Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility; Accounting; Finance; Management; Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Diversity; Equality And Inequality; Corporate Disclosure; measurement And Metrics; Corporate Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact
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      Grewal, Jody, and George Serafeim. "Research on Corporate Sustainability: Review and Directions for Future Research." Foundations and Trends® in Accounting 14, no. 2 (2020): 73–127.
      • September 3, 2020
      • Article

      How to Measure a Company's Real Impact

      By: Ronald Cohen and George Serafeim
      Impact transparency will reshape capitalism. By shifting the pursuit of profit away from negligently creating problems to purposefully creating valuable solutions for the world, it will redefine success, so that its measure is not just money, but the positive impact we...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; Impact Investment; Impact Investment Funds; Accountability; Accounting Information; Corporate Performance; Sustainability; Social Impact; Capitalism; Accounting; Corporate Accountability; performance; measurement And Metrics; Social Enterprise; Society
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      Cohen, Ronald, and George Serafeim. "How to Measure a Company's Real Impact." Harvard Business Review (website) (September 3, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
      In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...  View Details
      Keywords: Switchback Experiments; Design; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Time and the Value of Data

      By: Ehsan Valavi, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani and Marco Iansiti
      This paper investigates the effectiveness of time-dependent data in improving the quality of AI-based products and services. Time-dependency means that data loses its relevance to problems over time. This loss causes deterioration in the algorithm's performance and,...  View Details
      Keywords: Economics Of Ai; Machine Learning; Non-stationarity; Perishability; Value Depreciation
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      Valavi, Ehsan, Joel Hestness, Newsha Ardalani, and Marco Iansiti. "Time and the Value of Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-016, August 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Entrepreneurs (Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Impacts on Technology Adoption and Startup Performance Outcomes

      By: Maria P. Roche, Alexander Oettl and Christian Catalini
      Entrepreneurs learn from a variety of sources. One particularly important channel is learning from fellow entrepreneurs. In this paper, we examine the influence of physical proximity on technology adoption decisions and subsequent startup performance outcomes at one of...  View Details
      Keywords: Coworking; Proximity; Knowledge Flows
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      Roche, Maria P., Alexander Oettl, and Christian Catalini. "Entrepreneurs (Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Impacts on Technology Adoption and Startup Performance Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-024, May 2020.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Can Shared Service Delivery Increase Customer Engagement? A Study of Shared Medical Appointments

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Kamalini Ramdas and Nazlı Sönmez
      Problem Definition: Customers and providers alike often consider one-on-one service delivery to be ideal, assuming – perhaps unquestioningly – that devoting individualized attention maximizes customer engagement and improves outcomes. Alternatively, shared...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Engagement; Shared Service Delivery; Shared Medical Appointments; Healthcare Operations; Service Delivery; Health Care And Treatment; Service Operations; Customers; Behavior
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      Buell, Ryan W., Kamalini Ramdas, and Nazlı Sönmez. "Can Shared Service Delivery Increase Customer Engagement? A Study of Shared Medical Appointments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-001, July 2020. (Revised January 2021.)
      • July 2020
      • Case

      King's College Hospital in Crisis

      By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
      On December 11, 2017, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust (King’s), one of London’s leading teaching hospital groups, was put into “special measures” by NHS Improvement (NHSI), the financial regulator of England’s National Health Service (NHS). The future of...  View Details
      Keywords: Hospitals; Financing; Health Care And Treatment; Financial Condition; Crisis Management; Organizational Structure; Transformation; Strategic Planning; United Kingdom
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      Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "King's College Hospital in Crisis." Harvard Business School Case 721-356, July 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations

      By: Stephen Michael Impink, Andrea Prat and Raffaella Sadun
      Internal communication has been a central theme in organizational economics, as employee collaboration provides insight into the structure of firms. Use of electronic communications data can be transformational for organizational economics, as these data provide a...  View Details
      Keywords: Collaboration; Employees; Interactive Communication; measurement And Metrics; Organizations; performance
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      Impink, Stephen Michael, Andrea Prat, and Raffaella Sadun. "Measuring Collaboration in Modern Organizations." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 181–186.
      • 2020
      • Article

      Public Sentiment and the Price of Corporate Sustainability

      By: George Serafeim
      Combining corporate sustainability performance scores based on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) data with big data measuring public sentiment about a company’s sustainability performance, I find that the valuation premium paid for companies with strong...  View Details
      Keywords: Sustainability; Esg; Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Investment Management; Investment Strategy; Big Data; Machine Learning; Environment; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance; performance; Asset Pricing; Investment; Management; Strategy; Human Capital; Public Opinion; Value
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      Serafeim, George. "Public Sentiment and the Price of Corporate Sustainability." Financial Analysts Journal 76, no. 2 (2020): 26–46.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Panel Experiments and Dynamic Causal Effects: A Finite Population Perspective

      By: Iavor Bojinov, Ashesh Rambachan and Neil Shephard
      In panel experiments, we randomly expose multiple units to different treatments and measure their subsequent outcomes, sequentially repeating the procedure numerous times. Using the potential outcomes framework, we define finite population dynamic causal effects that...  View Details
      Keywords: Panel Data; Dynamic Causal Effects; Potential Outcomes; Finite Population; Nonparametric
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      Bojinov, Iavor, Ashesh Rambachan, and Neil Shephard. "Panel Experiments and Dynamic Causal Effects: A Finite Population Perspective." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-101, April 2020.
      • March 2020
      • Technical Note

      Influencer Marketing

      By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
      Despite a heavy barrage of advertising, most consumers declare that their purchases are most influenced by the experiences, advice, and recommendations of others, and not by marketers. Interpersonal communication between and among consumers serves as a potent path for...  View Details
      Keywords: Influencers; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands And Branding; Marketing Strategy; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Advertising Industry; Consumer Products Industry
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      Avery, Jill, and Ayelet Israeli. "Influencer Marketing." Harvard Business School Technical Note 520-075, March 2020.
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      13 Financial Performance Measures Managers Should Monitor | HBS Online
      Harvard Business School HBS Online Business Insights Harvard Business School Online's Business Insights Blog provides the career insights you need to...
      Balancing Performance Measures
      → Search All HBS Web
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