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      • Faculty Publications  (152)

      Performance Goals Remove Performance Goals →

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      • March–April 2023
      • Article

      The New-Collar Workforce

      By: Colleen Ammerman, Boris Groysberg and Ginni Rometty
      Many workers today are stuck in low-paying jobs, unable to advance simply because they don’t have a bachelor’s degree. At the same time, many companies are desperate for workers and not meeting the diversity goals that could help them perform better while also reducing...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Recruitment; Social Issues; Higher Education; Competency and Skills
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      Ammerman, Colleen, Boris Groysberg, and Ginni Rometty. "The New-Collar Workforce." Harvard Business Review 101, no. 2 (March–April 2023): 96–103.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Outcome-Driven Dynamic Refugee Assignment with Allocation Balancing

      By: Kirk Bansak and Elisabeth Paulson
      This study proposes two new dynamic assignment algorithms to match refugees and asylum seekers to geographic localities within a host country. The first, currently implemented in a multi-year pilot in Switzerland, seeks to maximize the average predicted employment...  View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Refugees; Mathematical Methods
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      Bansak, Kirk, and Elisabeth Paulson. "Outcome-Driven Dynamic Refugee Assignment with Allocation Balancing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-048, January 2022.
      • February 2023
      • Supplement

      Performance Management at Afreximbank (B)

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Siko Sikochi, Anna Ngarachu and Namrata Arora
      Supplements the (A) case. Founded in October 1993, the Cairo-based African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) was a specialized continental financial institution designed to address the low level of intra-African trade, the decline in financial flows to Africa, the...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Performance Evaluation; Organizational Culture; Crisis Management; Banking Industry; Africa
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Siko Sikochi, Anna Ngarachu, and Namrata Arora. "Performance Management at Afreximbank (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 123-043, February 2023.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Which Explanation Should I Choose? A Function Approximation Perspective to Characterizing Post hoc Explanations

      By: Tessa Han, Suraj Srinivas and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      A critical problem in the field of post hoc explainability is the lack of a common foundational goal among methods. For example, some methods are motivated by function approximation, some by game theoretic notions, and some by obtaining clean visualizations. This...  View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Decision Choices and Conditions; Analytics and Data Science
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      Han, Tessa, Suraj Srinivas, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Which Explanation Should I Choose? A Function Approximation Perspective to Characterizing Post hoc Explanations." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2022). (Best Paper Award, International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML) Workshop on Interpretable ML in Healthcare.)
      • 2022
      • Book

      Purpose + Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World

      By: George Serafeim
      The roadmap and best practices to reap the enormous value that can emerge when your business prioritizes social and environmental goals—such as climate change, diversity and inclusion, and sustainability—right alongside the pursuit of profit.

      We not only...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Profitability; Business And Society; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Goals and Objectives; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Value Creation; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Serafeim, George. Purpose + Profit: How Business Can Lift Up the World. New York: HarperCollins Leadership, 2022.
      • June 2022
      • Teaching Plan

      Pacesetters

      By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Mel Martin
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case No. 322-019. City Sealcoating CEO Keith Chaney had just publicly called out the Boston Chamber of Commerce for their slow progress on their supplier diversity program, Pacesetters. Established in 2018 by regional business leaders,...  View Details
      Keywords: Minority-owned Businesses; Procurement; Racial Wealth Gap; Diversity; Small Business; Restructuring; Contracts; Goals and Objectives; Performance Improvement; Performance Evaluation; United States; Massachusetts
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      Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Mel Martin. "Pacesetters." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 822-101, June 2022.
      • May 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing

      By: Elie Ofek and Alicia Dadlani
      John Henry and Carey Anne Nadeau, co-founders and co-CEOs of LOOP, an insurtech startup based in Austin, Texas, were on a mission to modernize the archaic $250 billion automobile insurance market. They sought to create equitably priced insurance by eliminating pricing...  View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Relationship Management; Price; Insurance Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Alicia Dadlani. "LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing." Harvard Business School Case 522-073, May 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • March 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Proximie: Using XR Technology to Create Borderless Operating Rooms

      By: Ariel D. Stern and Alpana Thapar
      In mid-January 2022, Nadine Hachach-Haram, founder and CEO of Proximie, was thinking about the company’s growth plans. Launched in 2016, Proximie was a platform that enabled clinicians, proctors, and medical device company personnel to be virtually present in operating...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Strategic Planning; Health Care and Treatment; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Platforms; Health Industry; Lebanon; United Kingdom; United States
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      Stern, Ariel D., and Alpana Thapar. "Proximie: Using XR Technology to Create Borderless Operating Rooms." Harvard Business School Case 622-082, March 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • February 2022 (Revised October 2022)
      • Supplement

      Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (D)

      By: Robert L. Simons and Carolyn Deller
      This three-page case is the third update to Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (A). In this supplement, dated 2021, a new CEO has taken over Henkel and implemented a new strategy. His changes to the original performance management system are presented as a new...  View Details
      Keywords: Execution; Management Control Systems; Performance Goals; Incentives; Levers Of Control; Strategy; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Performance Evaluation
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      Simons, Robert L., and Carolyn Deller. "Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 122-055, February 2022. (Revised October 2022.)
      • February 2022
      • Article

      How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance

      By: Tsedal Neeley and Sebastian Reiche
      We theorize about how people with positional power enact downward deference—a practice of lowering oneself to be equal to that of lower power workers—based on a study of 115 top global leaders at a large U.S. company. These leaders were charged with advancing...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Style; Global Range; Relationships; Rank and Position; Power and Influence; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Neeley, Tsedal, and Sebastian Reiche. "How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 1 (February 2022): 11–34.
      • January 2022 (Revised March 2022)
      • Module Note

      Analysis of Financial and Non-Financial Information for Forecasting Performance

      By: Charles C.Y. Wang
      This note describes the main themes and cases of a teaching module on the analysis of information from, and outside of, financial statements for forecasting firms’ future financial performance. The module’s pedagogical goal is to deepen students’ understanding of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Reporting; Performance; Analysis; Valuation; Accounting; Finance
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      Wang, Charles C.Y. "Analysis of Financial and Non-Financial Information for Forecasting Performance." Harvard Business School Module Note 122-071, January 2022. (Revised March 2022.)
      • September 15, 2021
      • Article

      Improving Deconvolution Methods in Biology Through Open Innovation Competitions: An Application to the Connectivity Map

      By: Andrea Blasco, Ted Natoli, Michael G. Endres, Rinat A. Sergeev, Steven Randazzo, Jin Hyun Paik, N.J. Maximilian Macaluso, Rajiv Narayan, Xiaodong Lu, David Peck, Karim R. Lakhani and Aravind Subramanian
      A recurring problem in biomedical research is how to isolate signals of distinct populations (cell types, tissues, and genes) from composite measures obtained by a single analyte or sensor. Existing computational deconvolution approaches work well in many specific...  View Details
      Keywords: Deconvolution; Methods; Open Innovation Competition; Genomics; Research; Innovation and Invention
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      Blasco, Andrea, Ted Natoli, Michael G. Endres, Rinat A. Sergeev, Steven Randazzo, Jin Hyun Paik, N.J. Maximilian Macaluso, Rajiv Narayan, Xiaodong Lu, David Peck, Karim R. Lakhani, and Aravind Subramanian. "Improving Deconvolution Methods in Biology Through Open Innovation Competitions: An Application to the Connectivity Map." Bioinformatics 37, no. 18 (September 15, 2021).
      • August 2021
      • Case

      Zoom Video Communications: Building a Culture of Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion During COVID-19

      By: Karen G. Mills, Scott Duke Kominers, Christopher Stanton, Andy Wu, George Gonzalez and Gabriella Elanbeck
      Keywords: Diversity Management; Diversity Training; Cultural Change; Cultural Diversity; Inclusion; Inclusive Growth; Inclusive Hiring; Hiring; Hiring Of Employees; Recruiting; Performance Management; Change Leadership; Race And Ethnicity; Racial Bias; Racial Disparity; Racial Injustice; Racial Tensions; Racism; Organization; Organization Process; Organization Structure; Structural/institutional Racism; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Leading; Gender Bias; Discrimination; Inequalities; Inequality; Social Change; Employee Attitude Development And Empowerment; Employee Bonding; Employee Empowerment; Employee Engagement; Employee Fairness; Employee Morale; Employee Performance Management; Employee Relations; Company Culture; Company Values; Values; COVID-19 Pandemic; Demographics; Diversity; Age; Ethnicity; Gender; Business Processes; Change Management; Change; Race; Human Capital; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Employee Relationship Management; Recruitment; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Jobs and Positions; Job Interviews; Leadership; Leading Change; Management; Management Teams; Business or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Style; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Culture; Happiness; Prejudice and Bias; Satisfaction; Equity; Identity; Leadership Style; Values and Beliefs; Technology Industry; United States
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      Mills, Karen G., Scott Duke Kominers, Christopher Stanton, Andy Wu, George Gonzalez, and Gabriella Elanbeck. "Zoom Video Communications: Building a Culture of Diversity, Equity, & Inclusion During COVID-19." Harvard Business School Case 322-031, August 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      How to Fix ESG Reporting

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
      Investors, advocacy groups, academics, and the 200 CEOs of the US Business Roundtable have asked corporations to take on an added purpose beyond a narrow pursuit of shareholder value. In response, many companies now issue ESG (Environmental, Societal, and Governance)...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG Reporting; Sustainability; Corporate Purpose; Greenhouse Gas; Activity-Based Costing; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Measurement and Metrics; Goals and Objectives; Agreements and Arrangements; Corporate Accountability
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "How to Fix ESG Reporting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-005, July 2021.
      • July 2021
      • Case

      Performance Review: Joseph Park and Elena Ramírez

      By: David G. Fubini and Patrick Sanguineti
      Niya Jones, a Partner at a major management consulting firm, must review the work of two of her mentees––Joseph Park and Elena Ramírez––for their first end-of-year performance review as new Project Leaders. Both have produced strong results in their new roles, but...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Management Style; Goals and Objectives; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Leadership Style
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      Fubini, David G., and Patrick Sanguineti. "Performance Review: Joseph Park and Elena Ramírez." Harvard Business School Case 422-008, July 2021.
      • July–August 2021
      • Article

      Surfacing the Submerged State: Operational Transparency Increases Trust in and Engagement with Government

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Ethan Porter and Michael I. Norton
      Problem definition: As trust in government reaches historic lows, frustration with government performance approaches record highs. Academic/practical relevance: We propose that in co-productive settings like government services, peoples’ trust and...  View Details
      Keywords: Government Services; Behavioral Operations; Operational Transparency; Government Administration; Service Operations; Programs; Perception; Attitudes; Behavior; Trust
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      Buell, Ryan W., Ethan Porter, and Michael I. Norton. "Surfacing the Submerged State: Operational Transparency Increases Trust in and Engagement with Government." Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 23, no. 4 (July–August 2021): 781–802.
      • April 2021
      • Article

      The Effects of Quota Frequency: Sales Performance and Product Focus

      By: Doug J. Chung, Das Narayandas and Dongkyu Chang
      This study investigates the comprehensive and multidimensional effects of quota (goal) frequency on sales force performance. We develop a theory of salespeople’s behavior—aggregate effort and the product type focus—in response to the temporal length of a sales-quota...  View Details
      Keywords: Sales Force Compensation; Field Experiment; Quotas; Quota Frequency; Commissions; Bonuses; Goals; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits; Goals and Objectives; Behavior; Performance
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      Chung, Doug J., Das Narayandas, and Dongkyu Chang. "The Effects of Quota Frequency: Sales Performance and Product Focus." Management Science 67, no. 4 (April 2021): 2151–2170.
      • Article

      Reimagining the Balanced Scorecard for the ESG Era

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and David McMillan
      Companies are increasingly aware that their customers and society in general expect businesses to adopt and work towards social and environmental objectives as well as the traditional financial ones. This involves not only re-evaluating firms’ models but re-imagining...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Business Ecosystems; Balanced Scorecard; Adaptation; Business Model; Business and Stakeholder Relations
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and David McMillan. "Reimagining the Balanced Scorecard for the ESG Era." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (February 3, 2021).
      • December 2020
      • Case

      Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine

      By: Elie Ofek
      In fall 2019, Corinne Mentzelopoulos, owner of the famous first-growth Château Margaux, is pondering a series of decisions with respect to the chateau's third wine. Margaux du Château Marguax, as this wine was called, was launched in 2013 with a particular goal in mind...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Pricing; Wine Industry; Marketing Strategy; Product Marketing; Performance Evaluation; Price; Distribution Channels; Growth and Development Strategy; France
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      Ofek, Elie. "Château Margaux: Serving Up the Third Wine." Harvard Business School Case 521-054, December 2020.
      • Article

      Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors

      By: J.J. Zlatev and Rogers, T.
      Increasing virtuous behaviors, such as initiating healthy habits, is an important goal for policymakers and social scientists. To promote compliance with requests to perform virtuous behaviors, we study “returnable reciprocity.” Whereas traditional reciprocity involves...  View Details
      Keywords: Nudges; Reciprocity; Want-should Conflicts; Wellness; Health; Behavior; Change; Well-being
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      Zlatev, J.J., and Rogers, T. "Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161, Supplement (November 2020): 74–84.
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