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- January 2021
- Case
Hester Pharmaceuticals (A): A Pricing Dilemma
By: Dante Roscini and John Masko
In August 2019, the leadership of Hester Pharmaceuticals (Hester) had a problem. Italy promised to be a key market for their new breakthrough oncology drug Akrozumab, but for almost two years, its single-payer healthcare system had been unable to agree with Hester on a...
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Keywords:
Macroeconomics;
Trade;
Price;
Global Range;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Health Care And Treatment;
patents;
Monopoly;
Negotiation;
Business And Government Relations;
Risk And Uncertainty;
Human Needs;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Italy
- January 2021
- Article
Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?
By: Hongyu Xiao, Andy Wu and Jaeho Kim
We estimate the causal effect of workplace–home commuting distance on inventor productivity. We construct a novel panel of U.S. inventors with precisely measured workplace–home distances and inventor-level productivity. Our identification strategy exploits firm office...
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Keywords:
Commuting;
Proximity;
Inventors;
Innovation;
Relocation;
Telecommuting;
Geographic Location;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
United States
Xiao, Hongyu, Andy Wu, and Jaeho Kim. "Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?" Art. 103300. Journal of Urban Economics 121 (January 2021).
- December 2020
- Article
Different Founders, Different Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Academic and Non-academic Startups
By: Maria P. Roche, Annamaria Conti and Frank T. Rothaermel
What role do differences in founders' occupational backgrounds play in new venture performance? Analyzing a novel dataset of 2,998 founders creating 1,723 innovative startups in biomedicine, we find that the likelihood and hazard of achieving a liquidity event are...
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Keywords:
Founders;
Innovation;
Occupational Imprinting;
Academic Startups;
Non-academic Startups;
Founder Heterogeneity;
Business Startups;
Innovation And Invention;
Performance;
Demographics;
Analysis
Roche, Maria P., Annamaria Conti, and Frank T. Rothaermel. "Different Founders, Different Firms: A Comparative Analysis of Academic and Non-academic Startups." Special Issue on Innovative Start-Ups and Policy Initiatives. Research Policy 49, no. 10 (December 2020).
- November 2020
- Article
Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations
By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Hillel Rapoport
We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the migrants’ receiving countries. We find that countries are 25 to 60 percent more likely to gain advantage in patenting in certain technologies given a twofold...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Migration;
patent;
Knowledge;
Innovation And Invention;
Immigration;
patents;
Technology;
Knowledge Dissemination
Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Hillel Rapoport. "Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations." Special Issue on STEM Migration, Research, and Innovation. Research Policy 49, no. 9 (November 2020).
- November–December 2020
- Article
Our Work-from-Anywhere Future
The pandemic has hastened a rise in remote working for knowledge-based organizations. This has notable benefits: Companies can save on real estate costs, hire and utilize talent globally, mitigate immigration issues, and experience productivity gains, while workers can...
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Keywords:
Remote Work;
Best Practices;
Employment;
Health Pandemics;
Geographic Location;
Opportunities;
Problems And Challenges
Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Our Work-from-Anywhere Future." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 6 (November–December 2020).
- October 2020
- Article
The Supply Chain Economy: A New Industry Categorization for Understanding Innovation in Services
By: Mercedes Delgado and Karen G. Mills
An active debate has centered on the importance of manufacturing for driving innovation in the U.S. economy. This paper offers an alternative framework that focuses on the role of suppliers of goods and services (the “supply chain economy”) in national performance. We...
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Keywords:
Supply Chain Industries;
Business-to-consumer Industries;
Services;
Innovation;
Economy;
Framework;
Supply Chain;
Service Operations;
Innovation And Invention;
Economic Growth;
United States
Delgado, Mercedes, and Karen G. Mills. "The Supply Chain Economy: A New Industry Categorization for Understanding Innovation in Services." Research Policy 49, no. 8 (October 2020).
- 2020
- Working Paper
The ESG-Innovation Disconnect: Evidence from Green Patenting
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit G. Gurun and Quoc H. Nguyen
No firm or sector of the global economy is untouched by innovation. In equilibrium, innovators will flock to (and innovation will occur where) the returns to innovative capital are the highest. In this paper, we document a strong empirical pattern in green patent...
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Keywords:
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Investment;
Decision Making;
Policy;
Energy;
Green Technology;
Technological Innovation;
patents
Cohen, Lauren, Umit G. Gurun, and Quoc H. Nguyen. "The ESG-Innovation Disconnect: Evidence from Green Patenting." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27990, October 2020. (Winner of the Fordham University Gabelli School of Business – PVH Corp. Global Thought Leadership Grant on Corporate Social Responsibility, 2020.)
- September 2020
- Case
Minerva 2004: Discovery
By: John R. Wells and Benjamin Weinstock
After nearly five years in operation, Doctor Cynthia Bamdad, founder and CEO of Minerva Biotechnologies Corporation (Minerva), was reflecting on the company’s next steps. In a few short years, she and her small team had managed to develop a nanoparticle process for...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurship;
Financing And Loans;
Strategy;
Decision Choices And Conditions;
Biotechnology Industry
Wells, John R., and Benjamin Weinstock. "Minerva 2004: Discovery." Harvard Business School Case 721-389, September 2020.
- Article
Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents
By: David Autor, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano and Pian Shu
Manufacturing accounts for more than three-quarters of U.S. corporate patents. The competitive shock to this sector emanating from China's economic ascent could in theory either augment or stifle U.S. innovation. Using three decades of U.S. patents matched to corporate...
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Autor, David, David Dorn, Gordon H. Hanson, Gary P. Pisano, and Pian Shu. "Foreign Competition and Domestic Innovation: Evidence from U.S. Patents." American Economic Review: Insights 2, no. 3 (September 2020): 357–374.
- August 2020
- Article
Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Evan Starr and Rajshree Agarwal
The use of machine learning (ML) for productivity in the knowledge economy requires considerations of important biases that may arise from ML predictions. We define a new source of bias related to incompleteness in real time inputs, which may result from strategic...
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Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Evan Starr, and Rajshree Agarwal. "Machine Learning and Human Capital Complementarities: Experimental Evidence on Bias Mitigation." Strategic Management Journal 41, no. 8 (August 2020): 1381–1411.
- Summer 2020
- Article
Tech Clusters
By: William R. Kerr and Frederic Robert-Nicoud
Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy makers can purposefully...
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Keywords:
Clusters;
Agglomeration;
Innovation;
Industry Clusters;
Innovation And Invention;
Entrepreneurship;
patents
Kerr, William R., and Frederic Robert-Nicoud. "Tech Clusters." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 50–76.
- July 2020
- Article
Intra-firm Geographic Mobility: Value Creation Mechanisms and Future Research Directions
This paper argues that intra-firm geographic mobility is an understudied mechanism that can help mitigate coordination failures in a geographically distributed organization. The paper presents an organizing framework on how intra-firm geographic mobility creates value...
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Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Intra-firm Geographic Mobility: Value Creation Mechanisms and Future Research Directions." Special Issue on Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility. Advances in Strategic Management 41 (July 2020).
- 2020
- Working Paper
Research Subsidy Spillovers, Two Ways
By: Kyle Myers and Lauren Lanahan
We study how the outputs of research spill over technological and geographic space in the context of the U.S. Small Business Innovation Research program. We infer input-output links using text analyses and identify the marginal costs of producing patents using...
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- May 2020
- Article
Inventor Gender and the Direction of Invention
By: Rembrand Koning, Sampsa Samila and John-Paul Ferguson
We study whether increasing the share of female inventors leads to more biomedical inventions that focus on the needs of women. After accounting for detailed disease-technology, disease-year, and technology-year fixed effects, we find that a 10 percentage point...
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Koning, Rembrand, Sampsa Samila, and John-Paul Ferguson. "Inventor Gender and the Direction of Invention." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 250–254.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Financial Distancing: How Venture Capital Follows the Economy Down and Curtails Innovation
By: Sabrina T. Howell, Josh Lerner, Ramana Nanda and Richard Townsend
Although late-stage venture capital (VC) activity did not change dramatically in the first two months after the COVID-19 pandemic reached the U.S., early-stage VC activity declined by 38%. The particular sensitivity of early-stage VC investment to market...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Recessions;
Venture Capital;
Innovation And Invention;
patents;
Business Cycles;
Economic Slowdown And Stagnation
Howell, Sabrina T., Josh Lerner, Ramana Nanda, and Richard Townsend. "Financial Distancing: How Venture Capital Follows the Economy Down and Curtails Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-115, May 2020.
- May 2020
- Article
The Creation and Evolution of Entrepreneurial Public Markets
By: Shai Bernstein, Abhishek Dev and Josh Lerner
This paper explores the creation and evolution of new stock exchanges around the world geared towards entrepreneurial companies, known as second-tier exchanges. Using hand-collected novel data, we document the proliferation of these new stock exchanges that were...
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Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Finance;
Stock Exchanges;
Entrepreneurship;
Finance;
Initial Public Offering;
Capital
Bernstein, Shai, Abhishek Dev, and Josh Lerner. "The Creation and Evolution of Entrepreneurial Public Markets." Journal of Financial Economics 136, no. 2 (May 2020): 307–329.
- April 2020
- Article
Technological Leadership (de)Concentration: Causes in Information and Communication Technology Equipment
By: Yasin Ozcan and Shane Greenstein
Using patent data from 1976 to 2010 as indicators of inventive activity, we determine the concentration level of where inventive ideas originate and then examine how and why those concentrations change over time. The analysis finds pervasive deconcentration in every...
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Keywords:
Deconcentration;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation Leadership;
patents;
Market Entry And Exit;
Telecommunications Industry
Ozcan, Yasin, and Shane Greenstein. "Technological Leadership (de)Concentration: Causes in Information and Communication Technology Equipment." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 2 (April 2020): 241–263.
- Article
Patent Protection Should Take a Backseat in a Crisis
Kominers, Scott Duke. "Patent Protection Should Take a Backseat in a Crisis." Bloomberg Opinion (March 26, 2020).
- March 2020
- Article
Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna and Christos A. Makridis
We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the staggered entry of new managers into India’s 42 public R&D labs between 1994 and 2006 to study how alignment between the CEO and middle-level managers affect research productivity. We show that the introduction of new lab...
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Keywords:
Incentives;
Innovation;
Productivity;
Management;
Alignment;
Research And Development;
Innovation And Invention;
Performance Productivity;
India
Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, and Christos A. Makridis. "Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 36, no. 1 (March 2020): 47–83.
- February 2020
- Case
Intellectual Ventures Update 2020
By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
After raising $6 billion and buying 60,000 patents, Intellectual Venture (IV) was confronted with a changing legal environment. After a number of important legal decisions, including the Supreme Court's so-called "Alice" decision, IV had to shift strategy. IV sold off...
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Keywords:
Intellectual Property;
Strategy;
Innovation And Invention;
Technology;
Business Model;
United States
Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Intellectual Ventures Update 2020." Harvard Business School Case 720-438, February 2020.