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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (389)

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    • All HBS Web  (3,054)
      • Faculty Publications  (389)

      Outcome Or Result Remove Outcome Or Result →

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      Read Articles about Outcome or Result - HBS Working Knowledge: The latest business management research and ideas from HBS faculty.
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Nokia's Bridge Program: Outcome and Results (B)
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      • January 2021
      • Supplement

      Barbara Krakow Gallery (B): Art and the Pandemic

      By: Jose B. Alvarez and David Lane
      Updates (A) case by describing the early impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the art market, the renaming of the gallery as the Krakow Witkin Gallery, and the response of its partners and staff to the pandemic.  View Details
      Keywords: Arts; Business Model; Change Management; Trends; Communication; Customer Focus And Relationships; Human Resources; Marketing; Distribution Channels; outcome Or result; Fine Arts Industry
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      Alvarez, Jose B., and David Lane. "Barbara Krakow Gallery (B): Art and the Pandemic." Harvard Business School Supplement 521-031, January 2021.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Political Effects of Immigration: Culture or Economics?

      By: Alberto Alesina and Marco Tabellini
      We review the growing literature on the political effects of immigration. After a brief summary of the economics of immigration, we turn to the main focus of the paper: how immigrants influence electoral outcomes in receiving countries, and why. We start from the...  View Details
      Keywords: Political Backlash; Cultural Beliefs; Immigration; Political Elections; outcome Or result
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      Alesina, Alberto, and Marco Tabellini. "The Political Effects of Immigration: Culture or Economics?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-069, November 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus

      By: F. Gino, T. Casciaro and M. Kouchaki
      Networks are a key source of social capital for achieving goals in professional and personal settings. Yet, despite the clear benefits of having an extensive network, individuals often shy away from the opportunity to create new connections because engaging in...  View Details
      Keywords: Networking; Impurity; Morality; Motivation; Regulatory Focus; Networks; Attitudes; Moral Sensibility
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      Gino, F., T. Casciaro, and M. Kouchaki. "Why Connect? Moral Consequences of Networking with a Promotion or Prevention Focus." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 119, no. 6 (December 2020).
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Can't Buy Me Love (or Friendship): Social Consequences of Financially Contingent Self-Worth

      By: D. Ward, L.E. Park, K. Naragon-Gainey, H. Jung and A.V. Whillans
      Although people may think that money improves one’s relationships, research suggests otherwise. Focusing on money is associated with spending less time maintaining relationships (Whillans & Dunn, 2018) and less desire to rely on others for help (Vohs, Mead, & Goode,...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-esteem; Money; Relationships; Welfare
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      Ward, D., L.E. Park, K. Naragon-Gainey, H. Jung, and A.V. Whillans. "Can't Buy Me Love (or Friendship): Social Consequences of Financially Contingent Self-Worth." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 12 (December 2020): 1665–1681.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation

      By: Maria P. Roche
      In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all Census Block Groups in the contiguous United States with information on innovation outcomes,...  View Details
      Keywords: Microgeography; Innovation; Street Infrastructure; Knowledge Exchange; Interactions; Geography; City; Innovation And Invention; Knowledge Sharing
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      Roche, Maria P. "Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 5 (December 2020): 912–928.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Dog Eat Dog: Measuring Network Effects Using a Digital Platform Merger

      By: Chiara Farronato, Jessica Fong and Andrey Fradkin
      Digital platforms are increasingly the subject of regulatory scrutiny. In comparison to multiple competitors, a single platform may increase consumer welfare if network effects are large or may decrease welfare due to higher prices or reduction in platform variety. We...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Market Platforms; Network Effects; Measurement And Metrics
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      Farronato, Chiara, Jessica Fong, and Andrey Fradkin. "Dog Eat Dog: Measuring Network Effects Using a Digital Platform Merger." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28047, November 2020.
      • November 2020
      • Case

      Guild Education: Unlocking Opportunity for America's Workforce

      By: William A. Sahlman, Michael D. Smith, Nicole Tempest Keller and Alpana Thapar
      Founded in 2015, Guild Education is an education marketplace that connects employers and universities to provide employees with ‘education as a benefit.’ The Denver-based company is transforming traditional tuition assistance programs by facilitating direct payment by...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Market Platforms; Technology; Employees; Social Enterprise; Education Industry; Technology Industry; Colorado
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      Sahlman, William A., Michael D. Smith, Nicole Tempest Keller, and Alpana Thapar. "Guild Education: Unlocking Opportunity for America's Workforce." Harvard Business School Case 821-050, November 2020.
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Supplement

      Student Success at Georgia State University (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      This is a supplement to the Student Success at Georgia State University (A) case. The (B) case includes the results of a randomized control trial that Georgia State conducted to test education technology start-up AdmitHub’s chatbot solution as a strategy for improving...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Values And Beliefs; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; Measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; outcome Or result; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-039, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Student Success at Georgia State University (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      Georgia State University had developed a reputation for driving student success by nearly doubling its graduation rate for students of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It did so while growing its student body and the proportion of Black/African...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; Measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; outcome Or result; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Service Operations; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (A)." Harvard Business School Case 621-006, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      (When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Subhradip Sarker
      While there is evidence about labor market discrimination based on race, religion, and gender, we know little about whether physical appearance leads to discrimination in labor market outcomes. We deploy a randomized experiment on 1,000 respondents in India between...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Coronavirus; Discrimination; Homophily; Labor Market Mobility; Limited Attention; Resumes; Personal Characteristics; Prejudice And Bias
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Subhradip Sarker. "(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-038, September 2020.
      • September–October 2020
      • Article

      The Air War Versus the Ground Game: An Analysis of Multi-Channel Marketing in U.S. Presidential Elections

      By: Lingling Zhang and Doug J. Chung
      This study jointly examines the effects of television advertising and field operations in U.S. presidential elections, with the former referred to as the “air war” and the latter as the “ground game.” Specifically, the study focuses on how different campaign...  View Details
      Keywords: Multi-channel Marketing; Ground Campaigning; Political Campaigns; Discrete-choice Model; Instrumental Variables; Political Elections; Marketing Channels; Advertising; United States
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      Zhang, Lingling, and Doug J. Chung. "The Air War Versus the Ground Game: An Analysis of Multi-Channel Marketing in U.S. Presidential Elections." Marketing Science 39, no. 5 (September–October 2020): 872–892.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
      In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...  View Details
      Keywords: Switchback Experiments; Design; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Entrepreneurs (Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Impacts on Technology Adoption and Startup Performance Outcomes

      By: Maria P. Roche, Alexander Oettl and Christian Catalini
      Entrepreneurs learn from a variety of sources. One particularly important channel is learning from fellow entrepreneurs. In this paper, we examine the influence of physical proximity on technology adoption decisions and subsequent startup performance outcomes at one of...  View Details
      Keywords: Coworking; Proximity; Knowledge Flows
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      Roche, Maria P., Alexander Oettl, and Christian Catalini. "Entrepreneurs (Co-) Working in Close Proximity: Impacts on Technology Adoption and Startup Performance Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-024, May 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses

      By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
      The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) aimed to quickly deliver hundreds of billions of dollars of loans to small businesses, with the loans administered via private banks. In this paper, we use firm-level data to document the demand and supply of PPP funds. Using an...  View Details
      Keywords: Paycheck Protection Program; Targeting; Impact; Entrepreneurship; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Financing And Loans; outcome Or result; United States
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      Bartik, Alexander, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton, and Adi Sunderam. "The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-021, August 2020.
      • August 2020
      • Article

      Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach

      By: Eric Kim, A.V. Whillans, Matt Lee, Ying Chen and Tyler VanderWeele
      Background: Growing evidence documents strong associations between volunteering and favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated whether changes in volunteering are associated with subsequent health and well-being...  View Details
      Keywords: Volunteering; Prosocial Behavior; Well-being; Health; Behavior; Health; Welfare
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      Kim, Eric, A.V. Whillans, Matt Lee, Ying Chen, and Tyler VanderWeele. "Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 59, no. 2 (August 2020): 176–186.
      • Article

      Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum

      By: John William Hatfield, Ravi Jagadeesan and Scott Duke Kominers
      Hatfield and Kominers (2012) introduced a model of matching in networks with bilateral contracts and showed that stable outcomes exist in supply chains when firms' preferences over contracts are fully substitutable. Hatfield and Kominers (2012) also asserted that in...  View Details
      Keywords: Matching With Contracts; Substitutability; Mathematical Methods
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      Hatfield, John William, Ravi Jagadeesan, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Matching in Networks with Bilateral Contracts: Corrigendum." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 12, no. 3 (August 2020): 277–285.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Can Shared Service Delivery Increase Customer Engagement? A Study of Shared Medical Appointments

      By: Ryan W. Buell, Kamalini Ramdas and Nazlı Sönmez
      Problem Definition: Customers and providers alike often consider one-on-one service delivery to be ideal, assuming – perhaps unquestioningly – that devoting individualized attention maximizes customer engagement and improves outcomes. Alternatively, shared...  View Details
      Keywords: Customer Engagement; Shared Service Delivery; Shared Medical Appointments; Healthcare Operations; Service Delivery; Health Care And Treatment; Service Operations; Customers; Behavior
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      Buell, Ryan W., Kamalini Ramdas, and Nazlı Sönmez. "Can Shared Service Delivery Increase Customer Engagement? A Study of Shared Medical Appointments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-001, July 2020. (Revised January 2021.)
      • July 2020
      • Article

      The Persistent Effect of Initial Success: Evidence from Venture Capital

      By: Ramana Nanda, Sampsa Samila and Olav Sorenson
      We use investment-level data to study performance persistence in venture capital (VC). Consistent with prior studies, we find that each additional IPO among a VC firm's first ten investments predicts as much as an 8% higher IPO rate on its subsequent investments,...  View Details
      Keywords: Performance; Monitoring; Selection; Status; Venture Capital; Performance Consistency; Investment
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      Nanda, Ramana, Sampsa Samila, and Olav Sorenson. "The Persistent Effect of Initial Success: Evidence from Venture Capital." Journal of Financial Economics 137, no. 1 (July 2020): 231–248.
      • Article

      Assessing the Value of Pediatric Aerodigestive Care

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, Chris Hartnick, Mahek Shah, Steven M. Coppess, Alisa Yamasaki, Kaalan E. Johnson, Jeremy Prager, Christopher T. Wootten, Thomas Gallagher and Evan Propst
      Leaders at six hospitals conducted a research study to assess and compare the health outcomes and costs of pediatric aerodigestive care. Four of the hospitals delivered care with an integrated practice unit (IPU) while two delivered care traditionally, with isolated...  View Details
      Keywords: Time-driven Activity-based Costing; Value-based Health Care; Integrated Practice Unit; Health Care And Treatment; Cost Management; Performance Improvement
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      Kaplan, Robert S., Chris Hartnick, Mahek Shah, Steven M. Coppess, Alisa Yamasaki, Kaalan E. Johnson, Jeremy Prager, Christopher T. Wootten, Thomas Gallagher, and Evan Propst. "Assessing the Value of Pediatric Aerodigestive Care." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 1, no. 4 (July–August 2020).
      • June 2020 (Revised October 2020)
      • Case

      What Went Wrong with Boeing's 737 Max?

      By: William W. George and Amram Migdal
      This case describes the development of the Boeing 737 Max airplane model and the events leading up to two tragic plane crashes, in which a total of 346 people died: the crash of Lion Air flight 610 on October 29, 2018, in Indonesia, and the crash of Ethiopian Airlines...  View Details
      Keywords: Communication; Communication Intention And Meaning; Communication Strategy; Forms Of Communication; Announcements; Decision Making; Decision Choices And Conditions; Judgments; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Globalization; Global Strategy; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Governance Controls; Human Resources; Resignation And Termination; Leadership; Leadership Style; Management; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Skills; Management Style; Management Systems; Risk Management; Time Management; Markets; Demand And Consumers; Market Platforms; Supply And Industry; Duopoly And Oligopoly; Industry Structures; Operations; Product Development; Organizations; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; outcome Or result; Failure; Success; Planning; Strategic Planning; Problems And Challenges; Relationships; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Risk And Uncertainty; Safety; Strategy; Transportation; Air Transportation; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; Africa; Ethiopia; Asia; Indonesia; North And Central America; United States; Seattle; Chicago
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      George, William W., and Amram Migdal. "What Went Wrong with Boeing's 737 Max?" Harvard Business School Case 320-104, June 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
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      Read Articles about Outcome or Result - HBS Working Knowledge: The latest business management research and ideas from HBS faculty.
      Skip to Main Content Cold Call A podcast featuring faculty discussing cases they've written and the lessons they impart. Subscribe on iTunes 29 Sep...
      Nokia's Bridge Program: Outcome and Results (B)
      → Search All HBS Web
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