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      • Faculty Publications  (260)

      Organizational Effectiveness Remove Organizational Effectiveness →

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      Organizational Effectiveness
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      • January 2021
      • Article

      COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action

      By: Kevin M. Kniffin, Jayanth Narayanan, Frederik Anseel, John Antonakis, Susan Ashford, Arnold B. Bakker, Peter Bamberger, Hari Bapuji, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Virginia K. Choi, Stephanie Creary, Evangelia Demerouti, Francis J. Flynn, Michele J. Gelfand, Lindred Greer, Gary Johns, Selin Kesebir, Peter G. Klein, Sun Young Lee, Hakan Ozcelik, Jennifer Louise Petriglieri, Nancy Rothbard, Cort W. Rudolph, Jason D. Shaw, Nina Sirola, Connie R. Wanberg, Ashley V. Whillans, Michael P. Wilmot and Mark van Vugt
      The impacts of COVID-19 on workers and workplaces across the globe have been dramatic. This broad review of prior research rooted in work and organizational psychology, and related fields, is intended to make sense of the implications for employees, teams, and work...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Work; Work From Home (wfh); Pandemics; Health Pandemics; Employees; Working Conditions; organizational Change And Adaptation
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      Kniffin, Kevin M., Jayanth Narayanan, Frederik Anseel, John Antonakis, Susan Ashford, Arnold B. Bakker, Peter Bamberger, Hari Bapuji, Devasheesh P. Bhave, Virginia K. Choi, Stephanie Creary, Evangelia Demerouti, Francis J. Flynn, Michele J. Gelfand, Lindred Greer, Gary Johns, Selin Kesebir, Peter G. Klein, Sun Young Lee, Hakan Ozcelik, Jennifer Louise Petriglieri, Nancy Rothbard, Cort W. Rudolph, Jason D. Shaw, Nina Sirola, Connie R. Wanberg, Ashley V. Whillans, Michael P. Wilmot, and Mark van Vugt. "COVID-19 and the Workplace: Implications, Issues, and Insights for Future Research and Action." American Psychologist 76, no. 1 (January 2021): 63–77.
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times

      By: Philippe Aghion, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      What is the optimal form of firm organization during “bad times”? We present a model of delegation within the firm to show that the effect is ambiguous. The greater turbulence following macro shocks may benefit decentralized firms because the value of local information...  View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Growth; Turbulence; Great Recession; organizational Design; System Shocks; Economic Growth; Performance
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      Aghion, Philippe, Nicholas Bloom, Brian Lucking, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Turbulence, Firm Decentralization and Growth in Bad Times." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 13, no. 1 (January 2021): 133–169.
      • November 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Social Salary Setting at Spiber

      By: Ashley Whillans and John Beshears
      This case tells the story of Spiber, a Japanese technology start-up company. To reflect the company’s values, the leadership team implemented a new and unique salary-setting process: each employee had the authority to choose their own salary. In the course of...  View Details
      Keywords: Compensation; General Management; Employee Benefits; Incentives; Motivation; Compensation And Benefits; Fairness; Motivation And Incentives; Management; Happiness; Negotiation; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Japan
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      Whillans, Ashley, and John Beshears. "Social Salary Setting at Spiber." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 921-014, November 2020.
      • Article

      GitLab: Work Where You Want, When You Want

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Kevin Crowston, Linus Dahlander, Marco S. Minervini and Sumita Raghuram
      GitLab is a software company that works “all remote” at the scale of more than 1,000 employees located in more than 60 countries. GitLab has no physical office and its employees can work from anywhere they choose. Any step of the organizational life of a GitLab...  View Details
      Keywords: New Forms Of Organizing; Remote Work; All Remote; Virtual Organizations; Covid-19; organizational Design; Employees; Geographic Location; Health Pandemics
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Kevin Crowston, Linus Dahlander, Marco S. Minervini, and Sumita Raghuram. "GitLab: Work Where You Want, When You Want." Art. 23. Journal of Organization Design 9 (2020).
      • Article

      Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors

      By: J.J. Zlatev and Rogers, T.
      Increasing virtuous behaviors, such as initiating healthy habits, is an important goal for policymakers and social scientists. To promote compliance with requests to perform virtuous behaviors, we study “returnable reciprocity.” Whereas traditional reciprocity involves...  View Details
      Keywords: Nudges; Reciprocity; Want-should Conflicts; Wellness; Health; Behavior; Change; Well-being
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      Zlatev, J.J., and Rogers, T. "Returnable Reciprocity: Returnable Gifts Are More Effective than Unreturnable Gifts at Promoting Virtuous Behaviors." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 161, Supplement (November 2020): 74–84.
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread

      By: Anywhere (Siko) Sikochi
      This study examines how a corporate legal structure may affect borrowing costs. Corporate legal structure refers to the legal fragmentation of a firm into multiple, separately incorporated entities. This fragmentation is bound to be a factor when lenders determine the...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Legal Structure; Subsidiaries; Bank Loans; Minority Interest; Credit Risk; organizational Structure; Business Subsidiaries; Financing And Loans
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      Sikochi, Anywhere (Siko). "Corporate Legal Structure and Bank Loan Spread." Journal of Corporate Finance 64 (October 2020).
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Supplement

      Student Success at Georgia State University (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      This is a supplement to the Student Success at Georgia State University (A) case. The (B) case includes the results of a randomized control trial that Georgia State conducted to test education technology start-up AdmitHub’s chatbot solution as a strategy for improving...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Values And Beliefs; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; Measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; Performance; Performance effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-039, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Student Success at Georgia State University (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      Georgia State University had developed a reputation for driving student success by nearly doubling its graduation rate for students of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It did so while growing its student body and the proportion of Black/African...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Income; Race; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; Measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; Performance; Performance effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Service Operations; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And Inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (A)." Harvard Business School Case 621-006, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • Article

      Feeling Authentic Serves as a Buffer Against Rejections

      By: F. Gino and M. Kouchaki
      Social exclusion is a painful yet common experience in many people’s personal and professional lives. This research demonstrates that feeling authentic serves as a buffer against social rejection, leading people to experience less social pain. Across five studies,...  View Details
      Keywords: Authenticity; Social Exclusion; Threat; Decision Making; Perception; Relationships
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      Gino, F., and M. Kouchaki. "Feeling Authentic Serves as a Buffer Against Rejections." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 160 (September 2020): 36–50.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Quiet Fires Fail to Impress: Introverted Expressions of Passion Receive Less Social Worth

      By: Grace Cormier and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Thinking of passionate people typically brings to mind their vivacious expressions. Prior research has shown that such outward manifestations of passion are often met with increased admiration and support by others. But not everyone may express their passion so...  View Details
      Keywords: Passion; Personality; Support; Social Worth; Personal Characteristics; Behavior; Perception; Value
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      Cormier, Grace, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Quiet Fires Fail to Impress: Introverted Expressions of Passion Receive Less Social Worth." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-027, August 2020.
      • July–August 2020
      • Article

      Sarcasm, Self-Deprecation, and Inside Jokes: A User's Guide to Humor at Work

      By: Brad Bitterly and Alison Wood Brooks
      Humor is widely considered essential in personal relationships, but in leaders, it’s seen as an ancillary behavior. Though some leaders use humor instinctively, many more could wield it purposefully. Humor helps build interpersonal trust and high-­quality work...  View Details
      Keywords: Managing People; Humor; Leadership; Relationships
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      Bitterly, Brad, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Sarcasm, Self-Deprecation, and Inside Jokes: A User's Guide to Humor at Work." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 4 (July–August 2020): 96–103.
      • June 2020
      • Case

      Agile Consumer Product Innovation with Alibaba's Tmall Innovation Center

      By: William R. Kerr, Daniel O'Connor and James Palano
      Consumer products companies were beset by changes on all sides during the 2010s. Customers were increasingly turning to ecommerce platforms rather than shopping in-store. Meanwhile, nimble, digitally-savvy competitors were gaining market share by capitalizing on the...  View Details
      Keywords: Future Of Work; Retail; Ecommerce; Alibaba; Consumer Products; Innovation; Innovation And Invention; Product Development; Consumer Behavior; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry; China
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      Kerr, William R., Daniel O'Connor, and James Palano. "Agile Consumer Product Innovation with Alibaba's Tmall Innovation Center." Harvard Business School Case 820-087, June 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Iterative Coordination and Innovation

      By: Sourobh Ghosh and Andy Wu
      Agile management practices from the software industry continue to transform the way organizations innovate across industries, yet they remain understudied in the organizations literature. We investigate the widespread Agile practice of iterative coordination: frequent...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Goals; Specialization; Coordination; Field Experiment; Software Development; Organizations; Collaborative Innovation And Invention; Goals And Objectives; Integration; Software
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      Ghosh, Sourobh, and Andy Wu. "Iterative Coordination and Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-121, January 2020.
      • April 2020
      • Case

      Cockpit Dynamics in Air France 447 and United 232

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Joshua Raymond
      This case compares leadership and team dynamics between the cockpit crews in two renowned passenger airline crashes, twenty years apart: Air France 447 in 2009 and United 232 in 1989. The key dimensions of difference across the cases include organization and task...  View Details
      Keywords: Teams; Team Launch; Crisis Management; Groups And Teams; Leadership; Communication; Air Transportation Industry
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Joshua Raymond. "Cockpit Dynamics in Air France 447 and United 232." Harvard Business School Case 620-127, April 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation

      By: Sourobh Ghosh, Stefan Thomke and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali
      Do senior managers help or hurt business experiments? Despite the widespread adoption of business experiments to guide strategic decision-making, we lack a scholarly understanding of what role senior managers play in firm experimentation. Using proprietary data of live...  View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; Innovation; Search; New Product Development; Innovation And Invention; organizational Design; Learning; Performance
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      Ghosh, Sourobh, Stefan Thomke, and Hazjier Pourkhalkhali. "The Effects of Hierarchy on Learning and Performance in Business Experimentation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-081, February 2020.
      • Article

      Designing Social Networks: Joint Tasks and the Formation of Network Ties

      By: Sharique Hasan and Rembrand Koning
      Can managers influence the formation of organizational networks? In this article, we evaluate the effect of joint tasks on the creation of network ties with data from a novel field experiment with 112 aspiring entrepreneurs. During the study, we randomized individuals...  View Details
      Keywords: Accelerators; Entrepreneur; Organizations; Networks; Design; Social And Collaborative Networks; Information Technology Industry; India
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      Hasan, Sharique, and Rembrand Koning. "Designing Social Networks: Joint Tasks and the Formation of Network Ties." Art. 4. Journal of Organization Design 9 (2020).
      • January 22, 2020
      • Article

      Making Honest Conversations the Norm

      By: Michael Beer
      Much admired companies like Boeing and Wells Fargo sacrifice their competitive advantage. Some make huge ethical blunders. As a result, shareholders suffer huge losses in value while employees, customers, and society lose trust and confidence in the institution. Based...  View Details
      Keywords: Honesty; Interpersonal Communication; Framework; organizational Culture; Trust; Performance effectiveness
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      Beer, Michael. "Making Honest Conversations the Norm." ChangeThis (blog) (January 22, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Book

      Fit to Compete: Why Honest Conversations About Your Company's Capabilities Are the Key to a Winning Strategy

      By: Michael Beer
      Is Silence Killing Your Strategy?
      In his thirty years of working in corporations, Harvard Business School professor Michael Beer has witnessed firsthand how organizational silence derails strategic objectives. When employees can't speak truth to power, senior...  View Details
      Keywords: Honesty; Communication; organizational Culture; Trust; Strategy; Performance effectiveness
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      Beer, Michael. Fit to Compete: Why Honest Conversations About Your Company's Capabilities Are the Key to a Winning Strategy. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
      • December 16, 2019
      • Article

      Why Your Startup Won't Last

      By: Ranjay Gulati and Vasundhara Sawhney
      Why do some startups that have crossed the threshold of “product-market fit” and have a viable business model still fail? This article begins by exploring the argument that most startups need more professionalization to thrive. Founders resist putting in place...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; organizational Structure; Growth And Development Strategy
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      Gulati, Ranjay, and Vasundhara Sawhney. "Why Your Startup Won't Last." HBR Ascend (December 16, 2019).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Recognition Incentives for Internal Crowdsourcing: A Field Experiment at NASA

      By: Jana Gallus, Olivia S. Jung and Karim R. Lakhani
      What might motivate employees to participate in internal crowdsourcing, a peer-based approach to innovation? Should organizations use incentives that are congruent with their established hierarchical structures, or should they use incentives that are aligned with the...  View Details
      Keywords: Online Platforms; Employee Engagement; Managerial Recognition; Innovation And Management; Employees; Motivation And Incentives
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      Gallus, Jana, Olivia S. Jung, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Recognition Incentives for Internal Crowdsourcing: A Field Experiment at NASA." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-059, November 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
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