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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (2,029)
      • Faculty Publications  (185)

      Organization Theory Remove Organization Theory →

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      Distinguished Scholar, Organization and Management Theory Division, Academy of Management
      Academy of Management. Organization and Management Theory Division. Best Paper Award
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      • 2020
      • Article

      Reflections: Toward a Normative and Actionable Theory of Planned Organizational Change and Development

      By: Michael Beer
      A normative and actionable theory of planned organizational change and development is proposed based on fifty years of engagement by the author as a scholar-consultant. Five principles are central features of the theory and practice proposed: 1) Organizations are...  View Details
      Keywords: Consultant; Process; Systems; Silence; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Leadership; Learning; Management Teams
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      Beer, Michael. "Reflections: Toward a Normative and Actionable Theory of Planned Organizational Change and Development." Journal of Change Management 21, no. 1 (2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      Helping and Happiness: A Review and Guide for Public Policy

      By: Lara B. Aknin and Ashley V. Whillans
      Perhaps one of the most reaffirming findings to emerge over the past several decades is that humans not only engage in generous behavior, they also appear to experience pleasure from doing so. Yet not all acts of helping lead to greater happiness. Here, we review the...  View Details
      Keywords: Generosity; Helping; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Happiness; Policy
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      Aknin, Lara B., and Ashley V. Whillans. "Helping and Happiness: A Review and Guide for Public Policy." Social Issues and Policy Review 15 (2021): 3–34.
      • July 8, 2020
      • Article

      Making a Difference: Developing Actionable Knowledge for Practice and Theory

      By: Michael Beer
      There is a widely acknowledged gap between academic research and practice. While the field of organizational studies and development has had an impact on management practice in some organizations, it has had only a modest impact on widely accepted management practice...  View Details
      Keywords: Actionable Knowledge; Actionable Practice; Normal Science; Scholar-consultant; Management Practices and Processes; Theory; Innovation Leadership; Organizations; Performance Effectiveness
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      Beer, Michael. "Making a Difference: Developing Actionable Knowledge for Practice and Theory." Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 56, no. 4 (December 2020): 506–520.
      • Article

      Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan

      By: Susanna Gallani, Takehisa Kajiwara and Ranjani Krishnan
      Mandatory measurement and disclosure of outcome measures are commonly used policy tools in healthcare. The effectiveness of such disclosures relies on the extent to which the new information produced by the mandatory system is internalized by the healthcare...  View Details
      Keywords: Value Of Information; Feedback; Patient Satisfaction; Healthcare; Health Care and Treatment; Satisfaction; Information; Measurement and Metrics; Performance Improvement
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      Gallani, Susanna, Takehisa Kajiwara, and Ranjani Krishnan. "Value of New Performance Information in Healthcare: Evidence from Japan." International Journal of Health Economics and Management 20, no. 4 (December 2020): 319–357.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 3 Transaction Free Zones

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      In Chapter 2 we saw that the most economical locations for transactions in a task network are the so-called thin crossing points—places where transfers are easy to define, count and pay for. However, in many places in the task network, transfers of material, energy,...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Technology; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 3 Transaction Free Zones." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-031, August 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Ecosystems and Complementarities

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to introduce two new building blocks to the theory of how technology shapes organizations. The first is a new layer of organization structure: a business “ecosystem.” The second is the economic concept of “complementarity.” Ecosystems are...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ecosystems; Complementarity; Modularity; Technology; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Ecosystems and Complementarities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-033, August 2020.
      • 1992
      • Working Paper

      Employment versus Sub-Contracting: The Real Trade-Offs

      By: Amar Bhide and Howard Stevenson
      By many accounts, sub-contracting is in the vogue while traditional employment relationships are on the outs. Ten years ago free-lancers, independent subcontractors and the like accounted for about 10 percent of the labor force; today they constitute 25 percent. Of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Sub-contracting; Freelancers; Employment; Organizations; Theory
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      Bhide, Amar, and Howard Stevenson. "Employment versus Sub-Contracting: The Real Trade-Offs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 88-046, March 1987. (Revised March 1992.)
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Does Corporate Misconduct Affect the Future Compensation of Alumni Managers?

      By: Boris Groysberg, Eric Lin and George Serafeim
      Using data from a top-five global executive placement firm, the authors explore how an organization's financial misconduct may affect pay for former employees not implicated in wrongdoing. Drawing on stigma theory, they hypothesize that although such alumni did not...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Misconduct; Financial Misconduct; Stigma; Crime and Corruption; Employees; Compensation and Benefits
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      Groysberg, Boris, Eric Lin, and George Serafeim. "Does Corporate Misconduct Affect the Future Compensation of Alumni Managers?" Special Issue on Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility. Advances in Strategic Management 41 (July 2020).
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model

      By: Rory McDonald and Kathleen Eisenhardt
      Prior research advances several explanations for entrepreneurial success in nascent markets but leaves a key imperative unexplored: the business model. By studying five ventures in the same nascent market, we develop a novel theoretical framework for understanding how...  View Details
      Keywords: Search; Legitimacy; Organizational Innovation; Organizational Learning; Mechanisms And Processes; Institutional Entrepreneurship; Qualitative Methods; Business Model Design; Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Adaptation; Competition; Strategy
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      McDonald, Rory, and Kathleen Eisenhardt. "Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 2 (June 2020): 483–523.
      • April 2020
      • Article

      Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015

      By: Giovanni Dosi, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano and Federico Tamagni
      Firm growth is an essential feature of market economies, shaping together macroeconomic performance and the evolution of industry structures. As a potential indicator of organizational “fitness” within a competitive environment, firm growth is also a central concern to...  View Details
      Keywords: Firm Growth; Organizations; Growth and Development; Theory; Analysis; Production; Data and Data Sets
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      Dosi, Giovanni, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano, and Federico Tamagni. "Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 2 (April 2020): 309–332.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics

      By: Cheng Gao and Rory McDonald
      In nascent industries—whose new technologies are often poorly understood by regulators—contending with regulatory uncertainty can be crucial to organizational survival and growth. Prior research on nonmarket strategy largely focuses on established firms in mature...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Change; Innovation; Qualitative Methods; Entrepreneurship; Technological Innovation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy
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      Gao, Cheng, and Rory McDonald. "Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-095, March 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised October 2020)
      • Module Note

      Sales Force Compensation

      By: Doug J. Chung
      The author developed this note for scholars, educators, and practitioners that are interested in sales force compensation. It is based on the author’s investigations across a variety of organizations in multiple industries and provides a conceptual framework for the...  View Details
      Keywords: Sales Strategy; Sales Force Management; Sales Compensation; Salary; Commissions; Bonuses; Quota Setting/updating; Quota Frequency; Extrinsic Vs Intrinsic Motivation; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits; Strategy
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      Chung, Doug J. "Sales Force Compensation." Harvard Business School Module Note 520-084, March 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-family Narrative as a Social Defense Against 24/7 Work Culture

      By: Irene Padavic, Robin J. Ely and Erin M. Reid
      It is widely accepted that the conflict between women’s family obligations and professional jobs’ long hours lies at the heart of their stalled advancement. Yet research suggests that this “work-family narrative” is incomplete: men also experience it and nevertheless...  View Details
      Keywords: 24/7 Work Culture; Hegemonic Narrative; Social Defense; Work-family Conflict; Systems-psychodynamic Theory; Work-Life Balance; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Organizational Culture
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      Padavic, Irene, Robin J. Ely, and Erin M. Reid. "Explaining the Persistence of Gender Inequality: The Work-family Narrative as a Social Defense Against 24/7 Work Culture." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 1 (March 2020): 61–111.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties

      By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee Eun Shin
      We examine the incentive effects of subjective adjustments in the allocation of tournament-based financial rewards and penalties based on performance rankings. We use data from a company where the reward and penalty allocations are based on a combination of objective...  View Details
      Keywords: Compensation Interdependence; Nominal And Opportunity Effects; Managerial Discretion; Performance Measurement; Subjectivity; Rewards; Expectancy Theory; Tournament-based Incentives; Penalties; Tournaments; Reciprocity Theory; Employees; Compensation and Benefits; Management; Decisions; Performance; Measurement and Metrics
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      Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee Eun Shin. "Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-075, January 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • Article

      A Theories-in-Use Approach to Building Marketing Theory

      By: G. Zaltman, Valarie A. Zeithaml, Bernard Jaworski, Ajay K. Kohli, Kapil R. Tuli and Wolfgang Ulaga
      This article’s objective is to inspire and provide guidance on the development of marketing knowledge based on the theories-in-use (TIU) approach. The authors begin with a description of the TIU approach and compare it with other inductive and deductive research...  View Details
      Keywords: Building Theory; Grounded Theory; Theories-in-use; Theory Construction; Theory Development; Marketing; Knowledge; Theory
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      Zaltman, G., Valarie A. Zeithaml, Bernard Jaworski, Ajay K. Kohli, Kapil R. Tuli, and Wolfgang Ulaga. "A Theories-in-Use Approach to Building Marketing Theory." Journal of Marketing 84, no. 1 (January 2020): 32–51.
      • Article

      Organizational Innovation in the Multinational Enterprise: Internalization Theory and Business History

      By: Teresa da Silva Lopes, Mark Casson and G. Jones
      This article engages in a methodological experiment by using historical evidence to challenge a common misperception about internalization theory. The theory has often been criticized for maintaining that it assumes a hierarchically organized MNE based on knowledge...  View Details
      Keywords: Internalization; Multinational Strategy; Business History; Organization And Management Theory; Globalization; Entrepreneurship; Governance; History; Organizations; Theory; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; North and Central America
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      da Silva Lopes, Teresa, Mark Casson, and G. Jones. "Organizational Innovation in the Multinational Enterprise: Internalization Theory and Business History." Journal of International Business Studies 50, no. 8 (October 2019): 1338–1358.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Rehabilitating Corporate Purpose

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      In this paper, I address how the ascendance of the theory of shareholder value maximization into the central consciousness of public corporations and its canonization as the only legitimate expression of corporate purpose has contributed to both a widening breach...  View Details
      Keywords: Capitalism; Justice; Corporate Purpose; Shareholder Value Maximization; Ethical Reciprocity; Economic Systems; Business Ventures; Mission and Purpose; Ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "Rehabilitating Corporate Purpose." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-104, April 2019.
      • 29 Mar 2019
      • Interview

      Integrating Theory into Your Organization: Black Duck by Synopsys

      By: Lou Shipley
      The Disruptive Voice hits the road, heading to BlackDuck by Synopsys headquarters in Burlington, MA. We sit down with Lou Shipley (CEO), Patrick Carey (Director of Product Marketing), and Tim Kenny (VP of Culture) to hear how Competing Against Luck became a company...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Company Culture; Disruption; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Technology; Organizational Culture
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      "Integrating Theory into Your Organization: Black Duck by Synopsys." no. 31, The Disruptive Voice, HBS Forum on Growth and Innovation, March 29, 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda

      By: Frank Nagle, Robert Seamans and Steve Tadelis
      Transaction Cost Economics (TCE) theory has played an important role in understanding when it is more efficient for a transaction between two parties to occur within the market or within an organization. However, as more transactions occur in a digitally-mediated...  View Details
      Keywords: Transaction Cost Economics; Digital Economy; Digital Transformation; Economics; Cost; Markets; Research
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      Nagle, Frank, Robert Seamans, and Steve Tadelis. "Transaction Cost Economics in the Digital Economy: A Research Agenda." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-009, July 2020.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The IBM PC was the first digital computer platform that was open by as a matter of strategy, not necessity. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the IBM PC as a technical system and set of organization choices in light of the theory of how technology shapes...  View Details
      Keywords: Ibm; Personal Computer; Technology Platform; System; Strategy
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 15 The IBM PC." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-074, January 2019.
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      Distinguished Scholar, Organization and Management Theory Division, Academy of Management
      Academy of Management. Organization and Management Theory Division. Best Paper Award
      → Search All HBS Web
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