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    • All HBS Web  (1,269)
      • Faculty Publications  (145)

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      • March 2022
      • Article

      From Proprietary to Collective Governance: How Do Platform Participation Strategies Evolve?

      By: Siobhan O'Mahony and Rebecca Karp
      When platform leaders change the rules guiding who can access and control a platform, the strategies of those who create value from the platform can be upended. Little research examines how platform participants adapt their strategies when a platform leader changes the...  View Details
      Keywords: Platform Governance; Access; Crowdsourcing; Applications and Software; Employees; Leadership Style; Cybersecurity; Risk Management
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      O'Mahony, Siobhan, and Rebecca Karp. "From Proprietary to Collective Governance: How Do Platform Participation Strategies Evolve?" Strategic Management Journal 43, no. 3 (March 2022): 530–562.
      • March 2022
      • Case

      Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things

      By: Frank Nagle
      In 2019, a decade after co-founding Nexleaf Analytics, CEO Nithya Ramanathan faced an important decision that would impact the ability of the small, but growing, not-for-profit organization to thrive for another decade. Their sensor technologies and big data analytics...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Nonprofit Organizations; Competitive Strategy; Patents; Expansion; Information Technology; Health Industry; Information Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank. "Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things." Harvard Business School Case 722-414, March 2022.
      • September 2, 2021
      • Article

      The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It.

      By: Hila Lifshitz-Assaf and Frank Nagle
      Free and open source software (FOSS) is essential to much of the tech we use every day—from cars to phones to planes to the cloud. While traditionally, it was developed by an army of volunteer developers and given away for free, companies are increasingly taking a more...  View Details
      Keywords: Free And Open-source Software; FOSS; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Policy; Cybersecurity
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      Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila, and Frank Nagle. "The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 2, 2021).
      • 2021
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2

      By: Daniel J. Sturtevant, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn and Sean Gilliland
      An interrelated set of tools and methods is disclosed for: (1) measuring the relationship between software source code attributes (such as code quality, design quality, test quality, and complexity metrics) and software economics outcome metrics (such as...  View Details
      Keywords: Technical Debt; Applications and Software; Economics; Measurement and Metrics; Patents
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      Sturtevant, Daniel J., Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn, and Sean Gilliland. "Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2." Cambridge, MA, September 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub

      By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria Roche
      We study the participation of nascent firms in open-source communities and its implications for attracting VC funding. To do so, we exploit unique data on 160,065 US startups linking information from Crunchbase to firms' GitHub accounts. Estimating a within-startup...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Technology Strategy; GitHub; Machine Learning; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Information Technology; Strategy
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      Conti, Annamaria, Christian Peukert, and Maria Roche. "Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-001, July 2021. (Revised September 2021.)
      • April 2021 (Revised May 2021)
      • Case

      Kitopi: The Brave New World of Cloud Kitchens

      By: Antonio Moreno and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in February 2021 as Mohamad Ballout, co-founder and CEO of Kitopi, a Dubai-based managed cloud kitchen platform, is looking over the company’s 2020 results. Propelled by the COVID-19 pandemic, delivery orders had been on the rise globally and dine-in...  View Details
      Keywords: Cloud Kitchens; Food; Operations; Growth and Development Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Food and Beverage Industry; Middle East; North Africa
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Kitopi: The Brave New World of Cloud Kitchens." Harvard Business School Case 621-102, April 2021. (Revised May 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Hidden Software and Veiled Value Creation: Illustrations from Server Software Usage

      By: Raviv Murciano-Goroff, Ran Zhuo and Shane Greenstein
      How do you measure the value of a commodity that transacts at a price of zero from an economic standpoint? This study examines the potential for and extent of omission and misattribution in standard approaches to economic accounting with regards to open source...  View Details
      Keywords: Server Software; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Analytics and Data Science; Economics; Value Creation; Measurement and Metrics
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      Murciano-Goroff, Raviv, Ran Zhuo, and Shane Greenstein. "Hidden Software and Veiled Value Creation: Illustrations from Server Software Usage." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28738, April 2021.
      • April 2021 (Revised July 2021)
      • Case

      Public Equities Impact Investing at BlackRock

      By: Shawn A. Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and John Masko
      In early 2021, BlackRock—the world’s largest asset manager with $9 trillion in assets under management (AUM)—sought to become a leader in promoting environmental and social sustainability. Over the previous ten years, CEO Larry Fink had written an annual open letter to...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Equity; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Financial Management; Investment Funds; Investment Return; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Cole, Shawn A., Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris, and John Masko. "Public Equities Impact Investing at BlackRock." Harvard Business School Case 221-066, April 2021. (Revised July 2021.)
      • October 2020
      • Case

      Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress

      By: Elie Ofek and Lia Weiner
      In Israel of 2020 the demand for software engineers was endless. Meanwhile just miles away, Palestinian universities were graduating 3,000 engineers a year, and many of them could not find jobs in the still nascent Palestinian tech sector. Could these dots be...  View Details
      Keywords: Geopolitics; Technology Ecosystem; Software Engineers; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Business Startups; International Relations; Cooperation; Opportunities; Problems and Challenges; Technology Industry; Israel; Palestinian state
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      Ofek, Elie, and Lia Weiner. "Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress." Harvard Business School Case 521-046, October 2020.
      • September 2020 (Revised June 2021)
      • Case

      Algramo

      By: Michael Chu, Monica Silva and Mariana Cal
      Founded in 2013 by José Manuel Moller in Chile, Algramo first became known for addressing the “poverty tax” (the surcharge paid by lower income families for staples sold in smaller sizes) through specially-designed dispensers in low-income neighborhood grocery stores...  View Details
      Keywords: Packaging-as-a-wallet; Plastic Waste; Business At The Base Of The Pyramid; Reusable Packaging; Alliances With FMCGs To Meet ESG Goals; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Strategy; Value Creation; Goals and Objectives; Business Model; Consumer Products Industry; Latin America; South America; Chile
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      Chu, Michael, Monica Silva, and Mariana Cal. "Algramo." Harvard Business School Case 321-079, September 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Miami's Tech Future (D): Developing New Leadership

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Joyce J. Kim
      Traditional establishment leadership of Miami is increasingly challenged by a rising millennial generation that is more diverse and brings more innovative and entrepreneurial “outside-the-building” approaches, including impatience for change. Leadership succession is...  View Details
      Keywords: Leaders; Civic Innovation; Change; Change Leadership; Startup; Scaling And Growth; Jurisdictional Disputes; Communication; Community Impact; Community Relations; Leading Change; Leadership; Diversity; Demographics; Entrepreneurship; Business and Community Relations; Miami; Florida
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Joyce J. Kim. "Miami's Tech Future (D): Developing New Leadership." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 321-047, September 2020.
      • August 2020
      • Article

      Strategies for Managing the Privacy Landscape

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Andres Hervas-Drane
      Firms use consumer personal information to improve their products and services. Personal information is open to misuse, however, and when exploited for undesired or unexpected purposes reduces consumer’s trust in the firm and their willingness to provide personal...  View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Privacy; Privacy Threats; Strategy Framework; Strategy Interactions; Customers; Information; Management; Strategy; Technology Industry
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Andres Hervas-Drane. "Strategies for Managing the Privacy Landscape." Long Range Planning 53, no. 4 (August 2020).
      • July 2020 (Revised September 2020)
      • Case

      MobSquad

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, William R. Kerr and Susie L. Ma
      Irfhan Rawji (MBA 2004) launched MobSquad in October 2018 to help American tech start-ups retain hard-to-find talent, many of whom struggled with U.S. work visa issues, such as software engineers with experience in artificial intelligence, machine learning, or data...  View Details
      Keywords: Work Visas; H1-B; Business Ventures; Business Startups; Labor; Human Capital; Human Resources; Crisis Management; Employment Industry; Canada; United States
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, William R. Kerr, and Susie L. Ma. "MobSquad." Harvard Business School Case 821-010, July 2020. (Revised September 2020.)
      • June 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      TraceTogether

      By: Mitchell B. Weiss and Sarah Mehta
      By April 7, 2020, over 1.4 million people worldwide had contracted the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Governments raced to curb the spread of COVID-19 by scaling up testing, quarantining those infected, and tracing their possible contacts. It had taken Singapore’s...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Contact Tracing; Government Administration; Crisis Management; Health; Health Pandemics; Innovation and Invention; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Social Issues; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Health Industry; Public Administration Industry; Singapore
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      Weiss, Mitchell B., and Sarah Mehta. "TraceTogether." Harvard Business School Case 820-111, June 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship: A Virtuous Cycle

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      We consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures how country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures globally, and subsequently, how new venture...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Software; GitHub; Applications and Software; Entrepreneurship; Global Range; Development Economics
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship: A Virtuous Cycle." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-139, June 2020. (Revised August 2021.)
      • 2020
      • Article

      Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

      By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
      In this essay, we explore how strategic management research and practice could benefit from considering the benefits and challenges obtainable through working with user communities. User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and...  View Details
      Keywords: User Communities; Innovation; Open Source; Collaboration; Cooperative Strategy; Knowledge Sharing; Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Special Issue on Open Innovation. Strategic Management Review 1, no. 2 (2020): 305–353.
      • March 2020
      • Case

      Maven Clinic: Women's Health in the Digital Age

      By: Ariel D. Stern and Sarah Mehta
      In late 2017, Kate Ryder, the founder and CEO of digital women’s health telemedicine company Maven Clinic, faced an important decision. Maven offered both a direct to consumer (D2C) product that anyone could use to book virtual appointments with health practitioners...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Strategy; Information Technology; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Stern, Ariel D., and Sarah Mehta. "Maven Clinic: Women's Health in the Digital Age." Harvard Business School Case 620-035, March 2020.
      • Article

      The Hidden Vulnerabilities of Open Source Software

      By: Frank Nagle and Jennifer L. Hoffman
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      Nagle, Frank, and Jennifer L. Hoffman. "The Hidden Vulnerabilities of Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (February 24, 2020).
      • 2020
      • White Paper

      Vulnerabilities in the Core: Preliminary Report and Census II of Open Source Software

      By: Frank Nagle, Jessica Wilkerson, James Dana and Jennifer L. Hoffman
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      Nagle, Frank, Jessica Wilkerson, James Dana, and Jennifer L. Hoffman. "Vulnerabilities in the Core: Preliminary Report and Census II of Open Source Software." Linux Foundation Core Infrastructure Initiative, Linux Foundation, February 2020.
      • 2019
      • Article

      Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation

      By: John Winsor, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman and Karim R. Lakhani
      Purpose: This article offers insight on how to effectively help incumbent organizations prepare for global business shifts to open source and digital business models.
      Design/methodology/approach: Discussion related to observation, experience and case studies...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Innovation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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      Winsor, John, Jin Hyun Paik, Michael Tushman, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Overcoming Cultural Resistance to Open Source Innovation." Strategy & Leadership 47, no. 6 (2019): 28–33.
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