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      • Faculty Publications  (112)

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      • November 2023
      • Article

      Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Applications and Software; Business Ventures; Development Economics; Innovation and Invention; Global Range
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship." Art. 104846. Research Policy 52, no. 9 (November 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Incentivizing Innovation in Open Source: Evidence from the GitHub Sponsors Program

      By: Annamaria Conti, Vansh Gupta, Jorge Guzman and Maria P. Roche
      Open source is key to innovation, but we know little about how to incentivize it. In this paper, we examine the impact of a program providing monetary incentives to motivate innovators to contribute to open source. The Sponsors program was introduced by GitHub in...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Innovation and Invention; Motivation and Incentives; Technology Industry
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      Conti, Annamaria, Vansh Gupta, Jorge Guzman, and Maria P. Roche. "Incentivizing Innovation in Open Source: Evidence from the GitHub Sponsors Program." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-014, September 2023. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31668, September 2023.)
      • August 2023
      • Case

      Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023

      By: Debora L. Spar, Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Ruth Costas
      Chile, often considered among Latin America´s greatest economic success stories, suffered a shocking wave of protests in October 2019, as its citizens demanded reforms across healthcare and education systems, and protested inequality and rising costs of living. As...  View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Public Opinion; Public Administration Industry; Chile; Latin America; South America
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      Spar, Debora L., Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Ruth Costas. "Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023." Harvard Business School Case 324-005, August 2023.
      • July 13, 2023
      • Article

      Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Liang Wu
      Threads, Meta’s Twitter competitor, has become the fastest downloaded app in history. One of the reasons for this is because it allows users to port over their profiles and follows from the already popular social media platform Instagram, also owned by Meta—a feature...  View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Twitter; Facebook; Instagram; Crypto Economy; Blockchain; Network; Industrial Organization; Competition; Open Innovation; Open Platforms; Open Source Innovation; Social Networks; Social Media; Applications and Software; Information Technology Industry
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Liang Wu. "Threads Foreshadows a Big—and Surprising—Shift in Social Media." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (July 13, 2023).
      • July 2023
      • Supplement

      Reimagining Enel: Enabling Sustainable Progress (A)

      By: Michael Tushman and Kerry Herman
      This case describes the transformation of Enel from a traditional “brown” or fossil fuel energy firm to a sustainable and green firm focused on renewables, and finally to an energy supplier and integrated energy services firm. It describes a set of capabilities...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Innovation and Invention; Transformation; Green Technology; Renewable Energy; Energy Industry
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      Tushman, Michael, and Kerry Herman. "Reimagining Enel: Enabling Sustainable Progress (A)." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 423-724, July 2023.
      • April 2023
      • Supplement

      Fresh Food Generation

      By: Brian Trelstad
      Instructors should consider the timing of making videos available to students, as they may reveal key case details.

      This case highlights one of five BIPOC entrepreneuers in the Boston area as part of the HBS Impact Investment Fund. In fall 2021, a team of...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Race; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Trelstad, Brian. "Fresh Food Generation." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 323-704, April 2023.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below

      By: Ting Zhang, Dan Wang and Adam D. Galinsky
      Although mentorship is vital for individual success, potential mentors often view it as a costly burden. To understand what motivates mentors to overcome this barrier and more fully engage with their mentees, we introduce a new construct, learning direction, which...  View Details
      Keywords: Mentoring; Learning Direction; Interpersonal Communication; Learning; Leadership Development
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      Zhang, Ting, Dan Wang, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below." Academy of Management Journal 66, no. 2 (April 2023): 604–637.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Andrey Simonov
      In 2020, gamers worldwide spent more than $15 billion on loot boxes, a lottery of virtual items built into video games. Loot boxes are contentious, as regulators worry that they constitute gambling. In contrast, video game companies maintain that loot boxes are...  View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Policy; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Product Design; Video Game Industry
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Andrey Simonov. "A Welfare Analysis of Gambling in Video Games." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-052, February 2023.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Pricing at Echosec Systems

      By: Elie Ofek, Marco Bertini, Annelena Lobb and Alexis Lefort
      This case follows the evolution of pricing strategy at Echosec Systems, a Canadian open source intelligence firm. The case provides information on pricing as the company grows and diversifies its product offerings.  View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Strategy; Product Positioning; Price; Product Development; Information Industry; Canada; United States
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      Ofek, Elie, Marco Bertini, Annelena Lobb, and Alexis Lefort. "Pricing at Echosec Systems." Harvard Business School Case 523-052, October 2022.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Spaceport America, Public Sector Risk-taking, and Political Accountability (A)

      By: Matthew Weinzierl, Dava Newman, Rebecca Browder and Angela Acocella
      Sitting quietly in the heart of the New Mexico desert in the summer of 2014, Spaceport America (SA) housed little of the activity its supporters anticipated when opening its hangar doors in 2011. Despite $1 million in annual rent from Virgin Galactic, British...  View Details
      Keywords: Funding Sources; Risk and Uncertainty; Public Sector; Business and Government Relations; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Aerospace Industry; New Mexico
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      Weinzierl, Matthew, Dava Newman, Rebecca Browder, and Angela Acocella. "Spaceport America, Public Sector Risk-taking, and Political Accountability (A)." Harvard Business School Case 723-011, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • White Paper

      The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement

      By: Matt Sigelman, Joseph Fuller, Nik Dawson and Gad Levanon
      The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement is a new effort to give companies and other stakeholders a set of robust tools that measure how well major employers are doing in fostering economic mobility for workers and how they could do...  View Details
      Keywords: Upward Mobility; Career Advancement; Personal Development and Career; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Wages; Human Capital; Recruitment
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      Sigelman, Matt, Joseph Fuller, Nik Dawson, and Gad Levanon. "The American Opportunity Index: A Corporate Scorecard of Worker Advancement." White Paper, Burning Glass Institute, October 2022 (A joint project with Harvard Business School Project on Managing the Future of Work and Schultz Family Foundation.)
      • August 2022 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      Fresh Food Generation

      By: Brian Trelstad, Amy Klopfenstein and Mel Martin
      This case highlights one of five BIPOC entrepreneurs in the Boston area as part of the HBS Impact Investment Fund. In fall 2021, a team of HBS students reviewed the financial statements of Fresh Food Generation (FFG), a Dorchester, Massachusetts-based food service...  View Details
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      Trelstad, Brian, Amy Klopfenstein, and Mel Martin. "Fresh Food Generation." Harvard Business School Case 323-010, August 2022. (Revised September 2023.)
      • May 2022
      • Article

      Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software

      By: Frank Nagle
      While there is little debate that digital forces are playing an increasingly crucial role in the economy, there is limited understanding of the importance of the digital infrastructure that underlies this role. Much of the discussion around digital infrastructure has...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source; Applications and Software; Policy; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution
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      Nagle, Frank. "Strengthening Digital Infrastructure: A Policy Agenda for Free and Open Source Software." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (May 2022).
      • March 2022
      • Article

      How to Prioritize the Improvement of Open-Source Software Security

      By: Frank Nagle
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Cybersecurity; Applications and Software
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      Nagle, Frank. "How to Prioritize the Improvement of Open-Source Software Security." Brookings TechStream (March 2022).
      • 2022
      • White Paper

      Census II of Free and Open Source Software - Application Libraries

      By: Frank Nagle, James Dana, Jennifer Hoffman, Steven Randazzo and Yanuo Zhou
      Produced in partnership with Harvard Laboratory for Innovation Science (LISH) and the Open Source Security Foundation (OpenSSF), Census II is the second investigation into the widespread use of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS). The Census II effort utilizes data...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Software; Applications and Software; Cybersecurity; Open Source Distribution
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      Nagle, Frank, James Dana, Jennifer Hoffman, Steven Randazzo, and Yanuo Zhou. "Census II of Free and Open Source Software - Application Libraries." White Paper, Linux Foundation and Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard, March 2022.
      • March 2022 (Revised July 2022)
      • Case

      Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things

      By: Frank Nagle
      In 2019, a decade after co-founding Nexleaf Analytics, CEO Nithya Ramanathan faced an important decision that would impact the ability of the small, but growing, not-for-profit organization to thrive for another decade. Their sensor technologies and big data analytics...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Strategy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Nonprofit Organizations; Competitive Strategy; Patents; Expansion; Information Technology; Health Industry; Information Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank. "Nexleaf Analytics: Saving the World Using the Internet of Things." Harvard Business School Case 722-414, March 2022. (Revised July 2022.)
      • November 2021
      • Article

      Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study

      By: Frank Nagle
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Infrastructure; Open Source Distribution; Economic Growth; United States; European Union
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      Nagle, Frank. "Digital Infrastructure Is More Than Just Broadband: What the U.S. Can Learn from Europe's Open Source Technology policy study." Brookings Series: Reimagining Modern-day Markets and Regulations (November 2021).
      • September 2, 2021
      • Article

      The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It.

      By: Hila Lifshitz-Assaf and Frank Nagle
      Free and open source software (FOSS) is essential to much of the tech we use every day—from cars to phones to planes to the cloud. While traditionally, it was developed by an army of volunteer developers and given away for free, companies are increasingly taking a more...  View Details
      Keywords: Free And Open-source Software; FOSS; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Organizations; Policy; Cybersecurity
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      Lifshitz-Assaf, Hila, and Frank Nagle. "The Digital Economy Runs on Open Source. Here's How to Protect It." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 2, 2021).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub

      By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria Roche
      We study the participation of nascent firms in open source communities and its implications for attracting funding. To do so, we link data on 160,065 U.S. startups from Crunchbase to their activities on the open source development platform GitHub. In a matched sample...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Technology Strategy; GitHub; Machine Learning; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Information Technology; Strategy
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      Conti, Annamaria, Christian Peukert, and Maria Roche. "Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-001, July 2021. (Revised August 2023.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Hidden Software and Veiled Value Creation: Illustrations from Server Software Usage

      By: Raviv Murciano-Goroff, Ran Zhuo and Shane Greenstein
      How do you measure the value of a commodity that transacts at a price of zero from an economic standpoint? This study examines the potential for and extent of omission and misattribution in standard approaches to economic accounting with regards to open source...  View Details
      Keywords: Server Software; Open Source Distribution; Applications and Software; Analytics and Data Science; Economics; Value Creation; Measurement and Metrics
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      Murciano-Goroff, Raviv, Ran Zhuo, and Shane Greenstein. "Hidden Software and Veiled Value Creation: Illustrations from Server Software Usage." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28738, April 2021.
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