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    • All HBS Web  (677)
      • Faculty Publications  (72)

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      • January 2023 (Revised March 2023)
      • Case

      Digital Transformation at Tata Steel

      By: Krishna Palepu, Das Narayandas and Radhika Kak
      T.V. Narendran, CEO of Tata Steel, India’s oldest steel manufacturing firm, had taken concrete business and cultural transformation steps to future-ready the firm since taking over in 2013. He had deleveraged and instilled financial discipline, acquired new businesses,...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Transformation; Digital Strategy; Change Management; Growth and Development Strategy; E-commerce; Steel Industry; Asia; India
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      Palepu, Krishna, Das Narayandas, and Radhika Kak. "Digital Transformation at Tata Steel." Harvard Business School Case 323-053, January 2023. (Revised March 2023.)
      • December 2022
      • Case

      Freelancer, Ltd.

      By: Christopher Stanton, Karim R. Lakhani, Jin Hyun Paik and Nina Cohodes
      Over the course of the 2010s, the rapid advancement of mobile technologies and the rise of online freelancing platforms seemed to portend a radical transformation of labor markets into on-demand, flexible talent pools. Even though several Fortune 500...  View Details
      Keywords: Freelancers; Labor Markets; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Human Capital; Change Management; Globalized Firms and Management; Employment; Global Range; Employment Industry
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      Stanton, Christopher, Karim R. Lakhani, Jin Hyun Paik, and Nina Cohodes. "Freelancer, Ltd." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 823-706, December 2022.
      • December 2022
      • Supplement

      Freelancer, Ltd. Case Supplement

      By: Christopher Stanton, Karim R. Lakhani, Jin Hyun Paik and Nina Cohodes
      Over the course of the 2010s, the rapid advancement of mobile technologies and the rise of online freelancing platforms seemed to portend a radical transformation of labor markets into on-demand, flexible talent pools. Even though several Fortune 500 companies,...  View Details
      Keywords: Labor Markets; Freelancers; Change Management; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Globalized Firms and Management; Human Capital; Employment; Digital Platforms; Global Range; Adoption; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Growth and Development Strategy; Computer Industry; Electronics Industry; Employment Industry; Information Industry; Australia; United States; Philippines
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      Stanton, Christopher, Karim R. Lakhani, Jin Hyun Paik, and Nina Cohodes. "Freelancer, Ltd. Case Supplement." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 823-707, December 2022. (Click here to access this case.)
      • September 2022
      • Case

      Proactive for Her

      By: Rembrand Koning and Kairavi Dey
      Proactive for Her began amid the COVID-19 pandemic, in August 2020 as a digital platform to provide accessible, evidence-based, primary, preventive non-judgmental healthcare services for Indian women, who were often dissuaded from seeking help as premarital sex and...  View Details
      Keywords: Women's Health; Healthcare; India; Start-up; Telehealth; Digital Platforms; Health Care and Treatment; Customer Focus and Relationships; Business Startups; Health Industry; Asia; South Asia; India
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      Koning, Rembrand, and Kairavi Dey. "Proactive for Her." Harvard Business School Case 723-351, September 2022.
      • July 28, 2022
      • Article

      DAO Governance Attacks, and How to Avoid Them

      By: Pranav Garimidi, Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
      Many web3 projects embrace permissionless voting using a fungible and tradable native token. Permissionless voting can offer many benefits, from lowering barriers to entry to increasing competition. Token holders can use their tokens to vote on a range of issues—from...  View Details
      Keywords: Crypto Economy; Cryptocurrency; Governance; Voting; Decentralized Autonomous Organizations; Organizational Structure; Digital Platforms
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      Garimidi, Pranav, Scott Duke Kominers, and Tim Roughgarden. "DAO Governance Attacks, and How to Avoid Them." a16zcrypto.com (July 28, 2022).
      • March 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Proximie: Using XR Technology to Create Borderless Operating Rooms

      By: Ariel D. Stern and Alpana Thapar
      In mid-January 2022, Nadine Hachach-Haram, founder and CEO of Proximie, was thinking about the company’s growth plans. Launched in 2016, Proximie was a platform that enabled clinicians, proctors, and medical device company personnel to be virtually present in operating...  View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development Strategy; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Strategic Planning; Health Care and Treatment; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Platforms; Health Industry; Lebanon; United Kingdom; United States
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      Stern, Ariel D., and Alpana Thapar. "Proximie: Using XR Technology to Create Borderless Operating Rooms." Harvard Business School Case 622-082, March 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • March 2022 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Pakistan Rising: Bazaar's Growth Story (A)

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in September 2021 as Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda, co-founders of Bazaar technologies (Bazaar), the Pakistani high growth B2B e-commerce marketplace, are contemplating whether the year-and-a half old startup should also venture into offering financing to...  View Details
      Keywords: B2B; Business Model; Emerging Markets; For-Profit Firms; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Value Creation; Globalization; Competition; Expansion; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Pakistan
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Pakistan Rising: Bazaar's Growth Story (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-098, March 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • March 2022
      • Supplement

      Pakistan Rising: Bazaar's Growth Story (B)

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in January 2022 as Hamza Jawaid and Saad Jangda, co-founders of Bazaar technologies (Bazaar), the Pakistani high growth B2B e-commerce marketplace, are looking over the performance of the newly launched “buy now, play later” feature. The traction looks...  View Details
      Keywords: B2B; Business Model; Emerging Markets; For-Profit Firms; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Value Creation; Globalization; Competition; Expansion; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Pakistan
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Pakistan Rising: Bazaar's Growth Story (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 822-099, March 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      From Proprietary to Collective Governance: How Do Platform Participation Strategies Evolve?

      By: Siobhan O'Mahony and Rebecca Karp
      When platform leaders change the rules guiding who can access and control a platform, the strategies of those who create value from the platform can be upended. Little research examines how platform participants adapt their strategies when a platform leader changes the...  View Details
      Keywords: Platform Governance; Access; Crowdsourcing; Applications and Software; Employees; Leadership Style; Cybersecurity; Risk Management
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      O'Mahony, Siobhan, and Rebecca Karp. "From Proprietary to Collective Governance: How Do Platform Participation Strategies Evolve?" Strategic Management Journal 43, no. 3 (March 2022): 530–562.
      • January 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms

      By: Willy C. Shih and Shu Lin
      Kent Bovellan, the Chief Engineer and Head of the Vehicle Architecture Center for Geely Holding, the Hangzhou, China headquartered global automotive group, was debating the platform choice for an upcoming "D" segment midsized battery electric vehicle (BEV). He had led...  View Details
      Keywords: Product Innovation; Product Architecture; Product Engineering; Platform Design; Platform Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Product Design; Product Development; Cost Management; Decision Making; Competitive Strategy; Industry Structures; Auto Industry; China; Sweden
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      Shih, Willy C., and Shu Lin. "Geely SEA: New Electric Vehicle Platforms." Harvard Business School Case 622-001, January 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • Article

      The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture

      By: Elizabeth J. Altman, Frank Nagle and Michael Tushman
      Management research has increasingly explored the domains of ecosystems, platforms, and open/user/distributed innovation—governance structures focused on engaging with external communities. While these research areas include substantial empirical and theoretical work...  View Details
      Keywords: Ecosystems; Platforms; Open And User Innovation Strategy; Capabilities; Governance; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Value Creation
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      Altman, Elizabeth J., Frank Nagle, and Michael Tushman. "The Translucent Hand of Managed Ecosystems: Engaging Communities for Value Creation and Capture." Academy of Management Annals 16, no. 1 (January 2022).
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub

      By: Annamaria Conti, Christian Peukert and Maria Roche
      We study the participation of nascent firms in open source communities and its implications for attracting funding. To do so, we exploit rich data on 160,065 US startups linking information from Crunchbase to firms' GitHub accounts. Estimating a within-startup model...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Technology Strategy; GitHub; Machine Learning; Business Startups; Venture Capital; Information Technology; Strategy
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      Conti, Annamaria, Christian Peukert, and Maria Roche. "Beefing IT Up for Your Investor? Open Sourcing and Startup Funding: Evidence from GitHub." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-001, July 2021. (Revised October 2022.)
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not...  View Details
      Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Mobility; Strategy; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; XPRIZE; Space Industry; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A)." Harvard Business School Case 421-089, June 2021.
      • June 2021
      • Case

      Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A) (Abridged)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Emily Tedards
      In 2016, Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani, aeronautical engineers at All Nippon Airways Co., Ltd., began to wonder why, in a world of accelerating globalization and digital connectivity, those who lived in far-remote villages or impoverished urban areas could not...  View Details
      Keywords: Agility; Ecosystem; Innovation Ecosystems; Innovation; Crowdsourcing; XPRIZE; Open Innovation; Partnership; Government; Collaboration; Co-creation; Purpose; Impact; Social Impact; Movement; Organizational Behavior; Organizational Ambidexterity; Ambidexterity; Culture; Culture Change; Global Teams; Experimentation; Space; Space Industry; Airline Industry; Start-up; Platform Business; Platform Strategy; Platform; Digital; Robotics; Robots; Avatar; Telepresence; Innovation Lab; Mobility; COVID-19; Intrapreneurship; Public-private Partnership; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Partners and Partnerships; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Alignment; Leadership; Leading Change; Diversity; Organizational Culture; Change Management; Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Transportation Industry; Aerospace Industry; Japan
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      Hill, Linda A., and Emily Tedards. "Akira Fukabori and Kevin Kajitani at avatarin (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 421-085, June 2021.
      • April 2021
      • Case

      Codecademy: Where to Next?

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Max Mailman and Sarah Ascherman
      In March 2020, Zach Sims, co-founder and CEO of online education platform Codecademy, prepared for a meeting with his Chief of Staff Kunal Ahuja to discuss the company’s goals. Codecademy billed itself as the largest online resource for computer science literacy and...  View Details
      Keywords: Monetization Strategy; Business Model; Change Management; Venture Capital; Leading Change; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Teams; Marketing Channels; Product Marketing; Network Effects; Product Development; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategic Planning; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., Max Mailman, and Sarah Ascherman. "Codecademy: Where to Next?" Harvard Business School Case 821-093, April 2021.
      • January 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Case

      eToro: Building the World's Largest Social Trading Network

      By: Elie Ofek and Danielle Golan
      Social trading platform eToro was preparing for the launch of its expanded offering in the U.S. The company faced critical decisions regarding product-market fit, go-to-market strategy, positioning and monetization. Moreover, it faced the challenge of how best to make...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Trading Platform; Investment; Social and Collaborative Networks; Marketing Strategy; Expansion; Digital Platforms
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      Ofek, Elie, and Danielle Golan. "eToro: Building the World's Largest Social Trading Network." Harvard Business School Case 521-057, January 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • January 2021 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Jumia's Path to Profitability

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Pippa Tubman Armerding and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in September 2019 as Sacha Poignonnec and Jeremy Hodara, co-founders and co-CEOs of Jumia, the leading Pan-African e-commerce platform, are contemplating the company’s path to profitability in the aftermath of a fragile investor sentiment, as the company...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Business Models; Business Model; Business Startups; Emerging Markets; For-Profit Firms; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Value Creation; Globalization; Entrepreneurship; Competition; Expansion; Logistics; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Africa
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Pippa Tubman Armerding, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Jumia's Path to Profitability." Harvard Business School Case 721-355, January 2021. (Revised March 2021.)
      • October 2020 (Revised March 2021)
      • Supplement

      Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations During COVID-19 (C)

      By: Antonio Moreno and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in August 2020 as Ozgur Tort and Mustafa Bartin, CEO and chief large-format and online retail officer of Migros Ticaret A.S. (Migros), Turkey’s oldest and one of its largest supermarket chains, are navigating Migros through COVID-19 and the unprecedented...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Value Creation; Globalization; Competition; Expansion; Logistics; Profit; Resource Allocation; Diversification; Corporate Strategy; Crisis Management; Health Pandemics; Strategic Planning; Food and Beverage Industry; Turkey
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations During COVID-19 (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-062, October 2020. (Revised March 2021.)
      • October 2020
      • Supplement

      OpenIDEO (B)

      By: Karim R. Lakhani, Anne-Laure Fayard, Manos Gkeredakis and Jin Hyun Paik
      In the midst of 2020, as the coronavirus pandemic was unfolding, OpenIDEO—an online open innovation platform focused on design-driven solutions to social issues—rapidly launched a new challenge to improve access to health information, empower communities to stay safe...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Competitions; IDEO; Contests; Contest Design; Platforms And Ecosystems; Open Innovation; Open And User Innovation Strategy; Diversity; Design; Social Entrepreneurship; Global Range; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Innovation Strategy; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Social and Collaborative Networks; Health Pandemics; Health; Information; Business and Community Relations; Digital Platforms
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      Lakhani, Karim R., Anne-Laure Fayard, Manos Gkeredakis, and Jin Hyun Paik. "OpenIDEO (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-058, October 2020.
      • August 2020 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations (A)

      By: Antonio Moreno and Gamze Yucaoglu
      The case opens in November 2019 as Ozgur Tort and Mustafa Bartin, CEO and chief large-format and online retail officer of Migros Ticaret A.S. (Migros), Turkey’s oldest and one of its largest supermarket chains, are contemplating what the best fulfillment format and...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Grocery; Business Model; Emerging Markets; For-Profit Firms; Strategy; Digital Platforms; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Value Creation; Globalization; Competition; Expansion; Logistics; Profit; Resource Allocation; Corporate Strategy; Turkey
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations (A)." Harvard Business School Case 621-026, August 2020. (Revised March 2021.)
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