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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (139)

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      • November 2022
      • Case

      The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Tiffany Farrell
      Can an online pharmacy both improve the quality and speed of care for patients who need branded drugs and stabilize profits for pharmaceutical manufacturers? UpScript, after years spent achieving legal and regulatory compliance and simultaneous technological innovation...  View Details
      Keywords: DTC; Internet and the Web; Marketing Channels; Customer Value and Value Chain; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Strategy; Service Delivery; Growth and Development Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Retail Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Tiffany Farrell. "The Battle Among Channels for Marketing Pharmaceuticals: UpScript, Pharmacy Benefit Managers, and Direct-to-Consumer Sales." Harvard Business School Case 323-031, November 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces

      By: Santiago Gallino, Nil Karacaoglu and Antonio Moreno
      Most online sales worldwide take place in marketplaces that connect sellers and buyers. The presence of numerous third-party sellers leads to a proliferation of listings for each product, making it difficult for customers to choose between the available options. Online...  View Details
      Keywords: Algorithms; E-commerce; Sales; Digital Marketing; Internet and the Web; Customer Satisfaction
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      Gallino, Santiago, Nil Karacaoglu, and Antonio Moreno. "Algorithmic Assortment Curation: An Empirical Study of Buybox in Online Marketplaces." Working Paper, September 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response

      By: Alexander MacKay and Samuel N. Weinstein
      Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...  View Details
      Keywords: Competition Policy; Regulation; Algorithmic Pricing; Dynamic Pricing; Economics; Law And Economics; Law And Regulation; Consumer Protection; Antitrust Law; Industrial Organization; Antitrust Issues And Policies; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Competition; Policy; Price; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Microeconomics; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Law
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      MacKay, Alexander, and Samuel N. Weinstein. "Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response." Washington University Law Review 100, no. 1 (2022): 111–174. (Direct download.)
      • July 7, 2022
      • Other Article

      Are Online Prices Higher Because of Pricing Algorithms?

      By: Zach Y. Brown and Alexander J. MacKay
      This article reviews recent work examining pricing strategies of major online retailers and the potential effects of pricing algorithms. We describe how pricing algorithms can lead to higher prices in a number of ways, even if some characteristics of these algorithms...  View Details
      Keywords: Pricing Algorithms; Online Marketplace; Digital Strategy; Internet and the Web; Retail Industry
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      Brown, Zach Y., and Alexander J. MacKay. "Are Online Prices Higher Because of Pricing Algorithms?" Brookings Series: The Economics and Regulation of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies (July 7, 2022).
      • July 2022
      • Teaching Note

      The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-055. When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique...  View Details
      Keywords: Female; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Health & Wellness; Healthcare; Price Policies; Minimum Advertised Price; Differentiation; Positioning; Growth; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Disruption; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Competitive Strategy; Competition; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Advertising; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Retail Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Health Industry; Green Technology Industry; Education Industry; Distribution Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Canada; United States; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 523-008, July 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Are Experts Blinded by Feasibility?: Experimental Evidence from a NASA Robotics Challenge

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Zoe Szajnfarber, Jason Crusan, Michael Menietti and Karim R. Lakhani
      Resource allocation decisions play a dominant role in shaping a firm’s technological trajectory and competitive advantage. Recent work indicates that innovative firms and scientific institutions tend to exhibit an anti-novelty bias when evaluating new projects and...  View Details
      Keywords: Evaluations; Novelty; Feasibility; Field Experiment; Resource Allocation; Technological Innovation; Competitive Advantage; Decision Making
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Zoe Szajnfarber, Jason Crusan, Michael Menietti, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Are Experts Blinded by Feasibility? Experimental Evidence from a NASA Robotics Challenge." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-071, May 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands

      By: Jill Avery and Sunil Gupta
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 522-051. Farfetch, a global luxury technology platform and digital marketplace had been surfing the wave of digital transformation in the luxury fashion industry since 2008. While the company’s stock price and market valuation had...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Retailing; Two Sided Markets; SaaS; Online Marketing; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Digital Transformation; E-commerce; Digital Marketing; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry; London; United Kingdom; Portugal
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      Avery, Jill, and Sunil Gupta. "Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 522-061, March 2022.
      • February 23, 2022
      • Article

      Can WEB3 Bring Back Competition to Digital Platforms?

      By: Christian Catalini and Scott Duke Kominers
      Like the early Internet, blockchain and Web3 applications promise a new wave of decentralization and competition—yet at the same time, it is unclear which of the dynamics that drove concentration in online platforms and services will remain in force under the Web3...  View Details
      Keywords: Web3; Blockchain; Interoperability; Internet and the Web; Technological Innovation; Competition; Digital Platforms
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      Catalini, Christian, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Can WEB3 Bring Back Competition to Digital Platforms?" Competition Policy International (online) (February 23, 2022).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response

      By: Alexander J. MacKay and Samuel Weinstein
      Pricing algorithms are rapidly transforming markets, from ride-sharing apps, to air travel, to online retail. Regulators and scholars have watched this development with a wary eye. Their focus so far has been on the potential for pricing algorithms to facilitate...  View Details
      Keywords: Competition Policy; Regulation; Algorithmic Pricing; Dynamic Pricing; Law And Economics; Law And Regulation; Consumer Protection; Competition; Policy; Price; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Economics
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      MacKay, Alexander J., and Samuel Weinstein. "Dynamic Pricing Algorithms, Consumer Harm, and Regulatory Response." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-050, January 2022. (Direct download.)
      • January 2022
      • Supplement

      Uber in China (C): The Cost of Success for Didi

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      On June 30, 2021, ride-hailing giant Didi Chuxing (Didi) raised $4.4 billion in its initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the largest IPO of a Chinese company listed on an American exchange since Alibaba raised $25 billion in 2014....  View Details
      Keywords: China; Uber; Didi Chuxing; Start-up Growth; Regulation; Ride-sharing; Transportation; Business Startups; Business and Government Relations; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Growth and Development; Policy; Competition; Laws and Statutes; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Uber in China (C): The Cost of Success for Didi." Harvard Business School Supplement 322-068, January 2022.
      • December 2021 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy to Drive Shareholder Value

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel W. Fisher
      At one time, Bed Bath & Beyond was one of the most successful specialty retailers in the United States—its growth and profit margins far exceeded both peer retailers in the home goods market as well as many other discount retailers. But in 2014, its stock price peaked,...  View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Diversification; Corporate Governance; Leading Change; Performance Evaluation; Valuation; Investment Activism; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy to Drive Shareholder Value." Harvard Business School Case 722-408, December 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
      • November 2021 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands

      By: Sunil Gupta, Jill Avery, Elena Corsi and Federica Gabrieli
      Farfetch, a global luxury technology platform and digital marketplace had been surfing the wave of digital transformation in the luxury fashion industry since 2008. While the company’s stock price and market valuation had fluctuated since its IPO in 2018, it had...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Marketplaces; Retailing; Internet Marketing; E-Commerce Strategy; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Transformation; E-commerce; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Web Services Industry; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Europe; Portugal; China
      Citation
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      Gupta, Sunil, Jill Avery, Elena Corsi, and Federica Gabrieli. "Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands." Harvard Business School Case 522-051, November 2021. (Revised December 2022.)
      • November 2021 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      Kwame Spearman at Tattered Cover: Reinventing Brick-and-Mortar Retail

      By: Ryan Raffaelli and Kerry Herman
      The case spotlights Kwame Spearman’s career-shifting decision to leave a NYC-based consulting job to return to his hometown of Denver, Colorado, and take over an iconic independent bookstore, The Tattered Cover. The case lays out ways Spearman envisions a new approach...  View Details
      Keywords: Retail; Leadership; Leading Change; Competitive Strategy; Personal Development and Career; Publishing Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Raffaelli, Ryan, and Kerry Herman. "Kwame Spearman at Tattered Cover: Reinventing Brick-and-Mortar Retail." Harvard Business School Case 422-014, November 2021. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Value of Data and Its Impact on Competition

      By: Marco Iansiti
      Common regulatory perspective on the relationship between data, value, and competition in online platforms has increasingly centered on the volume of data accumulated by incumbent firms. This view posits the existence of "data network effects," where more data leads to...  View Details
      Keywords: Online Platforms; Data Network Effects; Analytics and Data Science; Value; Competition; Digital Platforms
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      Iansiti, Marco. "The Value of Data and Its Impact on Competition." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-002, July 2021.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Information Transparency, Multihoming, and Platform Competition: A Natural Experiment in the Daily Deals Market

      By: Hui Li and Feng Zhu
      Platform competition is shaped by the likelihood of multi-homing (i.e., complementors or consumers adopt more than one platform). To take advantage of multi-homing, platform firms often attempt to motivate their rivals’ high-performing complementors to adopt their own...  View Details
      Keywords: Platform Competition; Multi-homing; Information Transparency; Daily Deals; Groupon; LivingSocial; Digital Platforms; Information; Competition
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      Li, Hui, and Feng Zhu. "Information Transparency, Multihoming, and Platform Competition: A Natural Experiment in the Daily Deals Market." Management Science 67, no. 7 (July 2021): 4384–4407.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms

      By: Zoë Cullen and Chiara Farronato
      We study the growth of online peer-to-peer markets. Using data from TaskRabbit, an expanding marketplace for domestic tasks at the time of our study, we show that growth varies considerably across cities. To disentangle the potential drivers of growth, we look...  View Details
      Keywords: Two-sided Market; Two-sided Platforms; Peer-to-peer Markets; Platform Strategy; Sharing Economy; Platform Growth; Internet and the Web; Digital Platforms; Strategy; Market Design; Network Effects
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      Cullen, Zoë, and Chiara Farronato. "Outsourcing Tasks Online: Matching Supply and Demand on Peer-to-Peer Internet Platforms." Management Science 67, no. 7 (July 2021).
      • May 2021 (Revised August 2021)
      • Supplement

      Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations

      By: Antonio Moreno and Anibha Singh
      As Migros, one of Turkey’s largest grocery chains, forays into online groceries, the company faces operational challenges related to inventory management, fulfillment and last mile delivery and strategics questions related to growing in an ecosystem with rapidly...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Internet and the Web; Growth and Development Strategy; Operations; Management; Competitive Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Turkey
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Anibha Singh. "Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 621-711, May 2021. (Revised August 2021.)
      • May 2021 (Revised October 2021)
      • Teaching Note

      Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations

      By: Antonio Moreno and Anibha Singh
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 621-026, 621-027, and 621-062. As Migros, one of Turkey’s largest grocery chains, forays into online groceries, the company faces operational challenges related to inventory management, fulfillment and last mile delivery and strategics...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Internet and the Web; Growth and Development Strategy; Operations; Management; Competitive Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Turkey
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      Moreno, Antonio, and Anibha Singh. "Migros Turkey: Scaling Online Operations." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 621-121, May 2021. (Revised October 2021.)
      • May 2021 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne Wilson
      By 2021, the mindfulness app wars reached their apex. Over 2,000 meditation apps were available to consumers, but two apps, Headspace and Calm, dominated the space, jointly holding about 70% of the total market. Headspace had established itself as the approachable...  View Details
      Keywords: Marketing Communication; Integrated Strategy; Brand; Brand & Product Management; Brand Communication; Brand Differentiation; Brand Building; Brand Management; E-Commerce Strategy; Ecommerce; App; App Development; Applications; COVID; COVID-19; Pandemic; Pricing; Pricing Strategy; Subscription Model; Subscription; Partnerships; Strategic Partnerships; B2B Vs. B2C; B2B; Health & Wellness; Wellbeing; Digitization; Commoditization; Mobile App; Mobile App Industry; Mobile Healthcare; Mobile Marketing; Digital Brand; Digital Health; Consumer Health; Apps; Online Business; Online Competition; Online Community; Online Entertainment; Entertainment And Leisure; Meditation; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Brands and Branding; Price; Strategy; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Partners and Partnerships; Health; Well-being; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Communication; Communication Strategy; Disruption; Consumer Behavior; Digital Marketing; E-commerce; Applications and Software; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Communications Industry; United States; North America; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne Wilson. "Headspace vs. Calm: A Mindful Competition." Harvard Business School Case 521-102, May 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
      • March 2021
      • Article

      Assortment Rotation and the Value of Concealment

      By: Kris J. Ferreira and Joel Goh
      Assortment rotation—the retailing practice of changing the assortment of products offered to customers—has recently been used as a competitive advantage for both brick-and-mortar and online retailers. We focus on product categories where consumers may purchase multiple...  View Details
      Keywords: Assortment Optimization; Retailing; Imperfect Information; Sales; Strategy; Consumer Behavior
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      Ferreira, Kris J., and Joel Goh. "Assortment Rotation and the Value of Concealment." Management Science 67, no. 3 (March 2021): 1489–1507.
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