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- January 2024
- Case
Pioneer Natural Resources: Enhancing the Capital Return Strategy with Variable Dividends
In February 2021, Scott Sheffield, the CEO of Pioneer Natural Resources (an independent oil and gas company based in Texas), was considering the possibility of enhancing the firm’s capital return strategy by introducing a variable dividend tied to cash flows in...
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- December 2023
- Case
Raízen: Helping to Decarbonize the World?
By: Gunnar Trumbull, Pedro Levindo, Daniel Tong and Rafaella Mazza
Raízen, the world’s largest sugar and ethanol producer, strived to find ways to expand the second-generation ethanol (E2G) market, which it pioneered. The company planned to invest R$24 billion (around $4.6 billion) in 20 production plants, with a total capacity to...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information
By: Gunther Glenk
Companies are increasingly viewed as crucial drivers for timely decarbonization. Current accounting practices for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, however, often leave corporate carbon disclosures and abatement obscured. Here I introduce a taxonomy for assuring the...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Decarbonization;
Carbon Accounting;
Net-zero Emissions;
Greenhouse Gas Emissions;
Environment;
Environmental Impact;
Management;
Sustainable Cities;
Corporate Disclosure;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Climate Change;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther. "Toward Decision-Useful Carbon Information." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-026, September 2023. (TRR 266 Accounting for Transparency Working Paper Series, No. 121, May 2023.)
- June 2023
- Case
Royal Golden Eagle: Pursuing Cross-border Expansion with Bold Ambition
By: Kristin E. Fabbe, Dante Roscini, Adina Wong and Dawn H. Lau
About how Singapore-based natural resources firm Royal Golden Eagle, starting with a palm oil business in Indonesia, eventually expanded into a global conglomerate that also included the kraft pulp and paper, viscose, and natural gas industries.
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Keywords:
Singapore;
Indonesia;
China;
Canada;
Cross Border;
International Trade;
Commodities;
Expansion;
Globalized Firms and Management;
Business Conglomerates;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Pulp and Paper Industry;
Singapore;
Indonesia;
China;
Canada
Fabbe, Kristin E., Dante Roscini, Adina Wong, and Dawn H. Lau. "Royal Golden Eagle: Pursuing Cross-border Expansion with Bold Ambition." Harvard Business School Case 723-022, June 2023.
- May 2023 (Revised November 2023)
- Case
Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America
By: George Serafeim, Michael W. Toffel, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago and Mariana Cal
This case describes the decarbonization strategy of Arcos Dorados—McDonald’s largest independent franchisee, operating in 20 countries and territories in Latin America and the Caribbean—and how the company measured its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including those...
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Keywords:
Environmental Accounting;
Animal-Based Agribusiness;
Plant-Based Agribusiness;
Change Management;
Forecasting and Prediction;
Environmental Sustainability;
Food;
Growth Management;
Supply Chain;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Strategy;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Latin America;
North and Central America;
South America
Serafeim, George, Michael W. Toffel, Jenyfeer Martinez Buitrago, and Mariana Cal. "Arcos Dorados: Decarbonizing McDonald’s in Latin America." Harvard Business School Case 623-017, May 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
- May 2023 (Revised June 2023)
- Case
Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain
By: Shirley Lu and Robert S. Kaplan
The case describes Harvard University’s consideration to decarbonize its supply chain by replacing cement with a low-carbon substitute called Pozzotive®. Developed and produced by Urban Mining Industries, Pozzotive® is a ground-glass material made with post-consumer...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Blockchain;
Supply Chain;
Green Technology;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability
Lu, Shirley, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Harvard University and Urban Mining Industries: Decarbonizing the Supply Chain." Harvard Business School Case 123-076, May 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
- April 6, 2023
- Article
A New NFT Launch Strategy: The Wave Mint
By: Scott Duke Kominers and 1337 Skulls Sers
In an NFT project, the mint—the process by which tokens are initially allocated—largely determines who your community is and how they and the broader market view the project going forward. In this piece, we review a new minting strategy recently introduced by 1337...
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Keywords:
NFTs;
Mechanism Design;
Sales Management;
Sales Model;
Crypto Economy;
Non-fungible Tokens;
Networks;
Product Launch;
Auctions;
Market Design
Kominers, Scott Duke, and 1337 Skulls Sers. "A New NFT Launch Strategy: The Wave Mint." a16zcrypto.com (April 6, 2023).
- March 2023
- Teaching Note
Ransomware Attack at Colonial Pipeline Company
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 123-069. On the morning of May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline Company became aware that the company had been the victim of a malicious ransomware attack that had stolen and locked up company data. The extortionists demanded 75 bitcoins (worth...
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Keywords:
Disruption;
Communication;
Communication Strategy;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Judgments;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Disclosure;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Controls;
Policy;
Employees;
News;
Cybersecurity;
Digital Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Information Management;
Internet and the Web;
Crisis Management;
Business or Company Management;
Resource Allocation;
Risk Management;
Negotiation Tactics;
Failure;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Perception;
Reputation;
Trust;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Infrastructure;
Distribution Industry;
United States;
Alabama
- March 2023
- Case
Ransomware Attack at Colonial Pipeline Company
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan Ni
On the morning of May 7, 2021, Colonial Pipeline Company became aware that the company had been the victim of a malicious ransomware attack that had stolen and locked up company data. The extortionists demanded 75 bitcoins (worth about $4.4 million at the time) in...
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Keywords:
Disruption;
Communication;
Communication Strategy;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Judgments;
Corporate Accountability;
Corporate Disclosure;
Corporate Governance;
Governance Controls;
Policy;
Employees;
News;
Cybersecurity;
Digital Strategy;
Information Infrastructure;
Information Management;
Internet and the Web;
Crisis Management;
Business or Company Management;
Resource Allocation;
Risk Management;
Negotiation Tactics;
Failure;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Attitudes;
Behavior;
Perception;
Reputation;
Trust;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Infrastructure;
Distribution Industry;
United States;
Alabama
Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan Ni. "Ransomware Attack at Colonial Pipeline Company." Harvard Business School Case 123-069, March 2023.
- December 2022
- Case
Mission Produce in 2022
By: Forest Reinhardt, Jose B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
Founded by CEO Steve Barnard in 1983, California-based Mission Produce was a leading supplier of Hass avocados with a global sourcing, marketing, and distribution network and $892 million in 2021 sales. Barnard had been influential in the global avocado trade’s...
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Keywords:
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
United States;
California;
Peru;
Guatemala;
Colombia;
Mexico;
Chile
Reinhardt, Forest, Jose B. Alvarez, and Natalie Kindred. "Mission Produce in 2022." Harvard Business School Case 723-026, December 2022.
- October, 2022
- Article
The Economic Dynamics of Competing Power Generation Sources
By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
Competing power generation sources have experienced considerable shifts in both their revenue potential and their costs in recent years. Here we introduce the concept of Levelized Profit Margins (LPM) to capture the changing unit economics of both intermittent and...
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Keywords:
Renewable Energy;
Intermittant;
Cost Accounting;
Profitability Analysis;
Learning-by-doing;
Cannibalization Effect;
Energy;
Environmental Management;
Investment;
Operations;
Technological Innovation;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "The Economic Dynamics of Competing Power Generation Sources." Art. 112758. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 168 (October, 2022).
- March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
- Teaching Note
Group Functions at the Maersk Group
By: David J. Collis
In 2014, seven years after he was appointed CEO of the Danish shipping and oil conglomerate A.P. Møller Maersk (the Maersk Group), Nils Andersen was reexamining the size and role of corporate headquarters in the company he had reshaped as a "premium conglomerate."...
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- February 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat
By: Elie Ofek and Jeff Huizinga
Aleph Farms, an Israeli food-tech start-up, was hoping to play a major role in disrupting the conventional meat sector. Compared to intensive agricultural practices, Aleph’s cultured (or lab-grown) meat solution held the promise of considerably reducing greenhouse gas...
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Keywords:
Innovation;
Disruptive Innovation;
Adoption;
Go To Market Strategy;
Industry Evolution;
Food Industry;
Environmental And Social Sustainability;
Marketing Of Innovations;
Brand Building;
Capital Expenditures-equipment;
Disruption;
Green Technology;
Environmental Sustainability;
Food;
Market Entry and Exit;
Brands and Branding;
Consumer Behavior;
Competitive Strategy;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Food and Beverage Industry
Ofek, Elie, and Jeff Huizinga. "Aleph Farms: A New Culture of Meat." Harvard Business School Case 522-071, February 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
- 2022
- Article
Reversible Power-to-Gas Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage
By: Gunther Glenk and Stefan Reichelstein
In the transition to decarbonized energy systems, Power-to-Gas (PtG) processes have the potential to connect the existing markets for electricity and hydrogen. Specifically, reversible PtG systems can convert electricity to hydrogen at times of ample power supply, yet...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Energy Storage;
Renewable Energy;
Batteries;
Carbon Emissions;
Green Hydrogen;
Greenhouse Gas Emissions;
Energy;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Sustainability;
Green Technology;
Decision Making;
Investment;
Operations;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Industrial Products Industry;
Europe;
North America;
South America;
Africa;
Asia
Glenk, Gunther, and Stefan Reichelstein. "Reversible Power-to-Gas Systems for Energy Conversion and Storage." Art. 2010. Nature Communications 13 (2022).
- Article
Accounting for Climate Change
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
Corporations are facing growing pressure—from investors, advocacy groups, politicians, and even business leaders themselves—to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from their operations and their supply and distribution chains. About 90% of the companies in the S&P...
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Keywords:
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation;
Social Accounting;
E-liabilities;
Business And The Environment;
Climate Change;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Environmental Sustainability
Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "Accounting for Climate Change." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 6 (November–December 2021): 120–131.
- October 2021 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil
By: Mark Kramer, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi and T. Robert Zochowski
ExxonMobil, the world's fifth largest source of carbon emissions, remained committed to aggressively expanding its oil & gas business despite global warming. During the COVID pandemic this strategy resulted in massive losses as the price and demand for oil declined. ...
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Keywords:
Carbon Emissions;
Global Warming;
Impact Investment Funds;
Hedge Fund Activism;
Leadership Development;
Business Model;
Renewable Energy;
Resource Allocation;
Decision Choices and Conditions;
Governing and Advisory Boards
Kramer, Mark, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil." Harvard Business School Case 222-028, October 2021. (Revised May 2023.)
- July 2021
- Teaching Note
The Carlyle Group: Carving Out Atotech
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 321-153. On January 31, 2017, The Carlyle Group ("Carlyle") closed its $3.2 billion acquisition of Atotech, an international Specialty Chemicals and Equipment company. In Carlyle's Washington, DC headquarters, the US-based deal...
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- 2021
- Working Paper
Accounting for Product Impact in the Oil and Gas Industry
By: Katie Panella, George Serafeim and Katie Trinh
We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the oil and gas industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary product impact estimates of...
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Keywords:
Product Innovation;
Impact;
Impact Investing;
Impact Measurement;
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Ratings;
Social Corporate Responsibility;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Social Impact;
Oil;
Oil & Gas;
Oil And Gas;
IWAI;
Impact-Weighted Accounts;
Product Design;
Product Positioning;
Society;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Product
Panella, Katie, George Serafeim, and Katie Trinh. "Accounting for Product Impact in the Oil and Gas Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-140, June 2021.
- April 2021 (Revised December 2021)
- Case
The Carlyle Group: Carving Out Atotech
On January 31, 2017, The Carlyle Group ("Carlyle") closed its $3.2 billion acquisition of Atotech, an international Specialty Chemicals and Equipment company. In Carlyle's Washington, DC headquarters, the US-based deal team—Martin Sumner, Greg Nikodem, Tanaka Maswoswe...
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Keywords:
Oil & Gas;
Deal;
International Acquisition;
International;
Acquisition;
Negotiation Deal;
Transformation;
Chemicals;
Chemical Industry;
United States;
Europe;
Asia;
Germany
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "The Carlyle Group: Carving Out Atotech." Harvard Business School Case 321-153, April 2021. (Revised December 2021.)
- April 2021 (Revised July 2023)
- Case
The Turnaround at Ford Motor Company
By: Amy C. Edmondson and Olivia Jung
This case describes the corporate turnaround of the Ford Motor Company under the charismatic leadership of Alan Mulally. Ford was in deep trouble in the early 2000s as its prices and debt ratings plummeted and employee morale suffered. In 2006, the company anticipated...
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Keywords:
Turnaround;
Transformation;
Restructuring;
Organizational Culture;
Leading Change;
Performance Improvement;
Auto Industry;
North America
Edmondson, Amy C., and Olivia Jung. "The Turnaround at Ford Motor Company." Harvard Business School Case 621-101, April 2021. (Revised July 2023.)