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Publications

Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (2,552)
      • Faculty Publications  (473)

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      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Incentive-Compatible Recovery from Manipulated Signals, with Applications to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure

      By: Jason Milionis, Jens Ernstberger, Joseph Bonneau, Scott Duke Kominers and Tim Roughgarden
      We introduce the first formal model capturing the elicitation of unverifiable information from a party (the "source") with implicit signals derived by other players (the "observers"). Our model is motivated in part by applications in decentralized physical... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Infrastructure; Information Infrastructure
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      Milionis, Jason, Jens Ernstberger, Joseph Bonneau, Scott Duke Kominers, and Tim Roughgarden. "Incentive-Compatible Recovery from Manipulated Signals, with Applications to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations

      By: Lin William Cong, Daniel Rabetti, Charles C.Y. Wang and Yu Yan
      We systematically document governance centralization in decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and study its drivers and economic implications. Using multiple data sources and granular on-chain transactional data, we compare our findings to those in corporate... View Details
      Keywords: Blockchain; Governance; Voting; Organizations; Financial Services Industry
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      Cong, Lin William, Daniel Rabetti, Charles C.Y. Wang, and Yu Yan. "Centralized Governance in Decentralized Organizations." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • March 2025
      • Article

      Limited Accountability and Awareness of Corporate Emissions Target Outcomes

      By: Xiaoyan Jiang, Shawn Kim and Shirley Lu
      Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. Here we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the final target outcomes, the transparency of target... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Goals and Objectives; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Accountability; Environmental Sustainability; Public Opinion
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      Jiang, Xiaoyan, Shawn Kim, and Shirley Lu. "Limited Accountability and Awareness of Corporate Emissions Target Outcomes." Nature Climate Change 15, no. 3 (March 2025): 279–286.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      New Product Diffusion Within Retailers: The Effect of Managerial Quality on Rollout

      By: Tomomichi Amano and Jorge Tamayo
      Retailers are key intermediaries through which consumers encounter innovation in the form of new products. How are these products rolled out within retailers? We observe significant variation in the availability of new products across stores in a large retail chain in... View Details
      Keywords: Managerial Quality; Firm Performance; Diffusion Of Innovation; New Product Rollout; Retailing; Distribution Channels; Product Launch; Management Skills; Retail Industry; Colombia
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      Amano, Tomomichi, and Jorge Tamayo. "New Product Diffusion Within Retailers: The Effect of Managerial Quality on Rollout." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-041, February 2025.
      • Working Paper

      AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance

      By: Yannick Exner, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer and Shunyuan Zhang
      Generative AI’s recent advancements in creating content have offered vast potential to transform the advertising industry. This research investigates the impact of generative AI-enabled visual ad creation on real-world advertising effectiveness. For this purpose, we... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; AI and Machine Learning; Advertising; Consumer Behavior; Advertising Industry
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      Exner, Yannick, Jochen Hartmann, Oded Netzer, and Shunyuan Zhang. "AI in Disguise—How AI-generated Ads' Visual Cues Shape Consumer Perception and Performance." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5096969.
      • January 2025
      • Case

      AI Meets VC: The Data-Driven Revolution at Quantum Light Capital

      By: Lauren Cohen, Grace Headinger and Sophia Pan
      Ilya Kondrashov, CEO of Quantum Light Capital, was driven to harness AI for identifying high-potential scale-ups. Collaborating with Nik Storonsky, founder of Revolut, the duo observed that most venture capital (VC) decisions were heavily influenced by emotion, with... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Business Finance; Data Analysis; Angel Investors; Cognitive Biases; Scale; Venture Capital; Investment; Business Model; Forecasting and Prediction; Technological Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Public Opinion; Private Sector; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Business Earnings; Behavioral Finance; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Business Startups; Financial Services Industry; London; United Kingdom
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      Cohen, Lauren, Grace Headinger, and Sophia Pan. "AI Meets VC: The Data-Driven Revolution at Quantum Light Capital." Harvard Business School Case 225-053, January 2025.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Too Much, Too Soon? Early Funding, Technological Unconventionality, and Innovation Capabilities

      By: Harsh Ketkar and Maria Roche
      The availability of financial resources significantly shapes firm innovation outcomes, especially for early-stage, innovation-focused technology firms. However, prior research has provided conflicting findings about this relationship: On the one hand, resource... View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Technology Strategy; Novelty; Unconventionality; Resource Constraints; Early Stage Firms; Business Startups; Technological Innovation; Entrepreneurial Finance
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      Ketkar, Harsh, and Maria Roche. "Too Much, Too Soon? Early Funding, Technological Unconventionality, and Innovation Capabilities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-032, December 2024. (Revised February 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Real Effects of Bankruptcy Forum Shopping

      By: Samuel Antill and Aymeric Bellon
      Many non-Delaware firms strategically file for bankruptcy in Delaware. Should this "forum shopping" be allowed? This question has motivated six congressional bill proposals over decades of policy debate. Using a novel natural experiment and Census-Bureau microdata, we... View Details
      Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Government Legislation; Policy; Geographic Location; Delaware
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      Antill, Samuel, and Aymeric Bellon. "The Real Effects of Bankruptcy Forum Shopping." Working Paper, December 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Why Has Construction Productivity Stagnated? The Role of Land-Use Regulation

      By: Leonardo D’Amico, Edward Glaeser, Joseph Gyourko, William Kerr and Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto
      We document a Kuznets curve for construction productivity in 20th-century America. Homes built per construction worker remained stagnant between 1900 and 1940, boomed after World War II, and then plummeted after 1970. The productivity boom from 1940 to 1970 shows... View Details
      Keywords: Governance Controls; Performance Productivity; Local Range; Construction Industry
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      D’Amico, Leonardo, Edward Glaeser, Joseph Gyourko, William Kerr, and Giacomo A. M. Ponzetto. "Why Has Construction Productivity Stagnated? The Role of Land-Use Regulation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-027, November 2024.
      • November 2024
      • Article

      Preference Externality Estimators: A Comparison of Border Approaches and IVs

      By: Xi Ling, Wesley R. Hartmann and Tomomichi Amano
      This paper compares two estimators—the Border Approach and an Instrumental Variable (IV) estimator—using a unified framework where identifying variation arises from “preference externalities,” following the intuition in Waldfogel (2003). We highlight two dimensions in... View Details
      Keywords: Econometrics; Casual Inference; Marketing; Economics; Advertising; Mathematical Methods
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      Ling, Xi, Wesley R. Hartmann, and Tomomichi Amano. "Preference Externality Estimators: A Comparison of Border Approaches and IVs." Management Science 70, no. 11 (November 2024): 7892–7910.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      How Do Global Portfolio Investors Hedge Currency Risk?

      By: Robin Greenwood and Alex Cheema-Fox
      We use monthly portfolio data from one of the world’s largest custodian banks, with over $40 trillion assets under custody, to study how global portfolio investors hedge foreign exchange risk in their equity and fixed income portfolios over the past 25 years. The data... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Portfolio; Investment Funds; Currency; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Alex Cheema-Fox. "How Do Global Portfolio Investors Hedge Currency Risk?" Working Paper, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Teaching Note

      El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender

      By: Laura Alfaro
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 322-055. In June 2021, Nayib Bukele, El Salvador’s president, surprised the world with the announcement that the country would adopt bitcoin as legal tender, becoming the first nation to do so. Bitcoin was mostly used for trading and had... View Details
      Keywords: Bitcoin; Cryptocurrency; Currency; Financial Strategy; Economic Growth; Governance; Macroeconomics; Assets; Government Administration; Latin America; El Salvador
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      Alfaro, Laura. "El Salvador: Launching Bitcoin as Legal Tender." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 325-005, October 2024.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Generative AI and the Nature of Work

      By: Manuel Hoffmann, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng and Kevin Xu
      Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology demonstrate a considerable potential to complement human capital intensive activities. While an emerging literature documents wide-ranging productivity effects of AI, relatively little attention has been paid... View Details
      Keywords: Generative Ai; Digital Work; Open Source Software; Knowledge Economy; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Labor
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      Hoffmann, Manuel, Sam Boysel, Frank Nagle, Sida Peng, and Kevin Xu. "Generative AI and the Nature of Work." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-021, October 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit

      By: Sergey Chernenko, Robert Ialenti and David Scharfstein
      We show that business development companies (BDCs)—closed-end funds that provide a significant share of nonbank loans to middle market firms—are very well capitalized according to bank capital frameworks. They have median risk-based capital ratios of about 36%... View Details
      Keywords: Financing and Loans; Capital; Credit; Financial Institutions
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      Chernenko, Sergey, Robert Ialenti, and David Scharfstein. "Bank Capital and the Growth of Private Credit." Working Paper, March 2025.
      • September–October 2024
      • Article

      Boards Need a New Approach to Technology

      By: Tarun Khanna, Mary C. Beckerle and Nabil Y. Sakkab
      The boards of too many publicly traded companies are downright timid when considering matters involving science and technology. More often than not, they focus on security and digitization—a defensive posture that fails to consider the bigger opportunities emerging... View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Opportunities; Technology Adoption
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      Khanna, Tarun, Mary C. Beckerle, and Nabil Y. Sakkab. "Boards Need a New Approach to Technology." Harvard Business Review 102, no. 5 (September–October 2024): 128–137.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Pitfalls of Demographic Forecasts of U.S. Elections

      By: Richard Calvo, Vincent Pons and Jesse M. Shapiro
      Many observers have forecast large partisan shifts in the US electorate based on demographic trends. Such forecasts are appealing because demographic trends are often predictable even over long horizons. We backtest demographic forecasts using data on US elections... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Voting; Political Elections; Trends; Forecasting and Prediction; Demographics
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      Calvo, Richard, Vincent Pons, and Jesse M. Shapiro. "Pitfalls of Demographic Forecasts of U.S. Elections." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33016, October 2024.
      • Fall 2024
      • Article

      The Three Traps That Stymie Reinvention: Organizational Identity, Architecture, and Collaboration Can Be Either Assets or Liabilities to Pursuing Growth in New Sectors

      By: Ryan Raffaelli
      In more than a decade of researching innovation, I have observed how organizations respond to new opportunities, technological changes, or unexpected market shifts that threaten to upend their current business model. This process, which I call reinvention, may occur... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation And Strategy; Change Leadership; Collaboration; Architecture; Transformation; Disruption; Leading Change; Innovation Strategy; Identity; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure
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      Raffaelli, Ryan. "The Three Traps That Stymie Reinvention: Organizational Identity, Architecture, and Collaboration Can Be Either Assets or Liabilities to Pursuing Growth in New Sectors." MIT Sloan Management Review 66, no. 1 (Fall 2024): 46–52. (Cover story.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Behavioral Attenuation

      By: Thomas Graeber, Benjamin Enke, Ryan Oprea and Jeffrey Yang
      We report a large-scale examination of behavioral attenuation: due to information-processing constraints, the elasticity of people’s decisions with respect to economic fundamentals is generally too small. We implement more than 30 experiments, 20 of which were... View Details
      Keywords: Decisions; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Behavioral Finance
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      Graeber, Thomas, Benjamin Enke, Ryan Oprea, and Jeffrey Yang. "Behavioral Attenuation." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32973, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The New Digital Divide

      By: Mayana Pereira, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia and Juan Lavista Ferres
      We build and analyze new metrics of digital usage that leverage telemetry data collected by Microsoft during operating system updates across forty million Windows devices in U.S. households. These measures of US household digital usage are much more comprehensive than... View Details
      Keywords: Mathematical Methods; Measurement and Metrics; Geographic Location; Behavior; Technology Adoption; Demographics
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      Pereira, Mayana, Shane Greenstein, Raffaella Sadun, Prasanna Tambe, Lucia Ronchi Darre, Tammy Glazer, Allen Kim, Rahul Dodhia, and Juan Lavista Ferres. "The New Digital Divide." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32932, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      The Operational Impact of Customer Location in On-Demand Services

      By: Natalie Epstein, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      The rapid growth of on-demand delivery services, particularly in the food and grocery sectors, has driven the expansion of hyperlocal fulfillment centers (FCs). This paper uses data from an on-demand grocery delivery platform in Latin America to assess how customer... View Details
      Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Logistics; Geographic Location; Service Delivery; Quality; Retail Industry; Latin America
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      Epstein, Natalie, Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "The Operational Impact of Customer Location in On-Demand Services." Working Paper, September 2024.
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