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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Coordinated R&D Programs and the Creation of New Industries
By: Daniel P. Gross and Maria P. Roche
Government R&D programs have a long history in supporting industry development, yet their impacts are often overlooked in strategy research. We examine how a large, coordinated, government-funded effort to develop radar in World War II spawned a new high-tech industry....  View Details
Keywords: Research and Development; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Technological Innovation; Collaborative Innovation and Invention
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Learning by Investing: Entrepreneurial Spillovers from Venture Capital
By: Josh Lerner, Jinlin Li and Tong Liu
This paper studies how investing in venture capital (VC) affects the entrepreneurial outcomes of individual limited partners (LPs). Using comprehensive administrative data on entrepreneurial activities and VC fundraising and investments in China, we first document that...  View Details
Keywords: Partners and Partnerships; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Investment; China
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  • November 2023
  • Case

Khanmigo: Revolutionizing Learning with GenAI
By: William A. Sahlman, Allison M. Ciechanover and Emily Grandjean
Already a leader in the edtech space since its 2008 launch, Khan Academy was now one of the first edtech organizations to embrace generative artificial intelligence ("genAI"). In March 2023, Khan Academy began beta testing Khanmigo, a genAI “guide” and tutor built with...  View Details
Keywords: Technology Adoption; Leading Change; Entrepreneurship; Risk and Uncertainty; Education Industry; Technology Industry; United States; San Francisco
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Healthcare Provider Bankruptcies
By: Samuel Antill, Jessica Bai, Ashvin Gandhi and Adrienne Sabety
Healthcare firms are increasingly filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. Using two strategies, we show causal evidence that bankruptcies harm patients through increased worker turnover. First, in an online experiment, experienced nurses assess hypothetical employers and...  View Details
Keywords: Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Health Care and Treatment; Outcome or Result; Retention; Health Industry
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  • November 2023
  • Article

Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship
By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
This is the first study to consider the relationship between open source software (OSS) and entrepreneurship around the globe. This study measures whether country-level participation on the GitHub OSS platform affects the founding of innovative ventures, and where it...  View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Applications and Software; Business Ventures; Development Economics; Innovation and Invention; Global Range
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact
By: Natalia Rigol, Benjamin N. Roth, Brian Trelstad and Amram Migdal
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE’s methodology for estimating future carbon...  View Details
Keywords: Accounting; Environmental Accounting; Analysis; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Green Technology; Innovation and Invention; Measurement and Metrics; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Risk and Uncertainty; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Enterprise
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  • October 2023
  • Case

KOKO Networks: Bridging Energy Transition and Affordability with Carbon Financing
By: George Serafeim, Siko Sikochi and Namrata Arora
The problem was massive: two million hectares of African forests were lost annually to charcoal production for cooking, an area equivalent to 13 times Greater London, resulting in one billion tons of carbon emissions yearly. At the same time, an estimated 700,000...  View Details
Keywords: Africa; Clean Tech; Energy; Sustainability; Health; Digital; Carbon Credits; Carbon Offsetting; Market Design; Regulation; Climate Change; Entrepreneurship; Energy Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Africa
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  • October 2023
  • Teaching Note

Metaverse Wars
By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 723-431. Metaverse Wars recaps the development of the metaverse concept and the attendant hype, bringing the narrative up to the summer of 2023 when Meta’s big pivot looked more like a costly misstep than a stroke of strategic genius. In...  View Details
Keywords: Metaverse; Strategy
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt: A Curriculum Provider Puts Itself on the Hook for Student Outcomes
By: John J-H Kim, Derek C. M. van Bever, Michael Norris and Max Hancock
Jack Lynch, CEO of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) since 2017, was leading the company’s transformation from a legacy textbook publisher to a digital-first student outcomes provider, which earned subscription revenue from digital products and curriculum. In 2023, HMH...  View Details
Keywords: Edtech; Textbook; Publishing; Leading Change; Change Management; Transformation; Digital Transformation; Publishing Industry; United States
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

The Buy-In Effect: When Increasing Initial Effort Motivates Behavioral Follow-Through
By: Holly Dykstra, Shibeal O'Flaherty and A.V. Whillans
Behavioral interventions often focus on reducing friction to encourage behavior change. In contrast, we provide evidence that adding friction can promote long-term behavior change when behaviors involve repeated costly efforts over longer time horizons. In...  View Details
Keywords: Friction; Behavior; Environmental Sustainability; Transportation; Outcome or Result
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  • 2022
  • Working Paper

Why Do Index Funds Have Market Power? Quantifying Frictions in the Index Fund Market
By: Zach Y. Brown, Mark Egan, Jihye Jeon, Chuqing Jin and Alex A. Wu
Index funds are one of the most common ways investors access financial markets and are perceived to be a transparent and low-cost alternative to active investment management. Despite these purported virtues of index fund investing and the introduction of new products...  View Details
Keywords: Mutual Funds; Passive Investing; Asset Management; Financial Markets; Investment Funds; Financial Management; Financial Services Industry; United States
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Leading Transformation at IHCL
By: Krishna G. Palepu, V.G. Narayanan and Malini Sen
In November 2017, Puneet Chhatwal, took charge as MD and CEO of IHCL, popularly referred to as the Taj Hotels. Despite being India’s largest hospitality company by market capitalization and respected for its values and service, IHCL had made losses for the last seven...  View Details
Keywords: Financial Strategy; Business Model; Restructuring; Asset Management; Leadership Style; Crisis Management; Asia
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Social Finance: Driving Accountability
By: Robin Greenwood, Richard S. Ruback and Robert Ialenti
Social Finance is a Boston-based nonprofit that works at the intersection of finance and policy. It raises, allocates, and manages capital to fund projects in the areas of education, early childhood development, criminal justice, and health. The case explores how...  View Details
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Fantuan
By: Feng Zhu and David Lane
In 2023, CEO Randy Wu was considering the optimal growth strategy for Fantuan, a restaurant food delivery platform that had expanded from its 2014 founding in Vancouver, Canada to serve the Chinese demand for Asian cuisine in urban markets across Australia, Canada, the...  View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Customer Focus and Relationships; Diasporas; Entrepreneurship; Digital Platforms; Growth Management; Business Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Service Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Canada; United Kingdom; Australia
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Nelson Mandela: Changing the World
By: Robert L. Simons and Shirley Sun
This case traces the rise of Nelson Mandela from his tribal home in South Africa to president of the country. Rejecting expectations that he would be a tribal leader, Mandela instead dedicates his life to fighting Apartheid. After peaceful approaches fail, he joins...  View Details
Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Values and Beliefs; Power and Influence; Personal Characteristics; Leadership Style; Success; South Africa
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Fixie and Conversational AI Sidekicks
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Carin-Isabel Knoop
In March 2023, Fixie Co-Founder and Chief Architect Matt Welsh and co-founders had the kind of meeting no founders want to have. The president of leading artificial intelligence (AI) research and deployment firm OpenAI, which had catapulted into fame with its ChatGPT...  View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Technology Industry; United States
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Fortinet: Cybersecurity Pioneer Ken Xie Considers the Long Game
By: Tsedal Neeley, Jeff Huizinga and Emily Grandjean
Ken Xie, cofounder of cybersecurity giant Fortinet, faced a critical decision that would validate his leadership. Fortinet became the industry’s second-largest pureplay cybersecurity firm by developing differentiated hardware and investing in R&D. However, after a...  View Details
Keywords: Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Marketing Strategy; Information Technology Industry; United States; Sunnyvale
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Kevin O'Leary: Building a Brand in Shark-infested Waters
By: Reza Satchu and Patrick Sanguineti
For more than fifteen years, successful Canadian entrepreneur and investor Kevin O’Leary had developed his brand into a global powerhouse. Since his first appearance on the Canadian television program Dragons’ Den in 2006 and his meteoric rise to stardom through the...  View Details
Keywords: Personal Brand; Entrepreneurship; Crisis; Social Media
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  • October 2023
  • Case

Foodology: Creating a Virtual Restaurant Group in Latin America
By: Rembrand Koning, Jorge Tamayo and Jenyfeer Martínez Buitrago
In April 2020, Daniela Izquierdo (HBS, 2019) and Juan Guillermo Azuero (HBS, 2019), awaited the results of Harvard Business School’s Alumni New Venture Competition. Operating since September 2019, Foodology, a Colombian food-tech startup in the cloud kitchen segment,...  View Details
Keywords: Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; South America; Colombia
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  • 2023
  • Working Paper

Bringing Science to Market: Knowledge Foundations and Performance
By: Justine Boudou and Maria Roche
Possessing unique knowledge is widely considered a critical source of competitive advantage. In this paper, we assess whether new ventures that exploit their founders’ technologically unique knowledge perform better on the exit market than those that do not (or only...  View Details
Keywords: Firm Performance; Knowledge Foundations; Exits; Academic Startups; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Research; Information Publishing; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship
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