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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (78)

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    • All HBS Web  (2,236)
      • Faculty Publications  (78)

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      Category Kings or Commoners? Market-Shaping and its Consequences in Nascent Categories
      Modern Indian Art: The Birth of a Market
      Market categories—SUVs, smartphones, hip replacement surgeons—help facilitate commerce and other "market exchanges" by providing a basis...
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      • March 2021
      • Article

      Assortment Rotation and the Value of Concealment

      By: Kris J. Ferreira and Joel Goh
      Assortment rotation—the retailing practice of changing the assortment of products offered to customers—has recently been used as a competitive advantage for both brick-and-mortar and online retailers. We focus on product categories where consumers may purchase multiple...  View Details
      Keywords: Assortment Optimization; Retailing; Imperfect Information; Sales; Strategy; Consumer Behavior
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      Ferreira, Kris J., and Joel Goh. "Assortment Rotation and the Value of Concealment." Management Science 67, no. 3 (March 2021): 1489–1507.
      • March 2021
      • Article

      Targeted Price Controls on Supermarket Products

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Diego Aparicio
      We study the impact of targeted price controls for supermarket products in Argentina from 2007 to 2015. Using web scraping, we collected daily prices for controlled and non-controlled goods and measured the differential effects on inflation, product availability, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Prices; Controls; Price Dispersion; Economics; Price; Cost Management; Goods And Commodities; Retail Industry; Argentina
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Diego Aparicio. "Targeted Price Controls on Supermarket Products." Review of Economics and Statistics 103, no. 1 (March 2021): 60–71.
      • Winter 2021
      • Article

      How Would-Be Category Kings Become Commoners

      By: Rory McDonald and Keith Krach
      Category creation is the holy grail in business, but more often than not, the very companies that establish lucrative new markets don’t end up being the category kings. Why? Many executives undermine their own ventures’ standing by misinterpreting and misfiring on...  View Details
      Keywords: New Markets; Innovation And Invention; Innovation Strategy; Business Model
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      McDonald, Rory, and Keith Krach. "How Would-Be Category Kings Become Commoners." MIT Sloan Management Review 62, no. 2 (Winter 2021).
      • June 2, 2020
      • Article

      How to 'Re-engineer' Your Business for Safety

      By: Hubert Joly
      Process reengineering was a massive trend in the 1990s. By focusing on improving either cost, quality, or service, a company could gain benefits in all three categories. Today, the principles that underpin process reengineering can be applied anew, with safety as a...  View Details
      Keywords: Re-engineering; Covid; Safety; Performance Improvement; Organizational Change And Adaptation
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      Joly, Hubert. "How to 'Re-engineer' Your Business for Safety." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (June 2, 2020).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Project on Impact Investments' Impact Investment Database

      By: M. Diane Burton, Shawn Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Josh Lerner, Fanele Mashwama, Yue (Cynthia) Xu and T. Robert Zochowski
      Impact investing has grown significantly over the past 15 years. From a niche investing segment with only $25 billion AUM in 2013 (WEF 2013), it experienced double-digit growth and developed into a market with an estimated $502 billion AUM (Mudaliapar and Dithrich...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Investment; Data And Data Sets; Analysis
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      Burton, M. Diane, Shawn Cole, Abhishek Dev, Christina Jarymowycz, Leslie Jeng, Josh Lerner, Fanele Mashwama, Yue (Cynthia) Xu, and T. Robert Zochowski. "The Project on Impact Investments' Impact Investment Database." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-117, May 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • April 2020
      • Background Note

      U.S. Food Retail During the Pandemic: March 2020

      By: José B. Alvarez and Natalie Kindred
      This note, written in late March 2020 and mainly U.S. focused, looks at the unfolding impact of the coronavirus pandemic on food retailers and their suppliers. It allows student to consider the challenges facing food retail executives as they navigate urgent supply...  View Details
      Keywords: Coronavirus Pandemic; Risk And Uncertainty; Risk Management; Food; Supply Chain; Consumer Behavior; Demand And Consumers; Trade; Crisis Management; Health Pandemics; Food And Beverage Industry; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Alvarez, José B., and Natalie Kindred. "U.S. Food Retail During the Pandemic: March 2020." Harvard Business School Background Note 520-098, April 2020.
      • October 2019 (Revised August 2020)
      • Case

      The Predictive Index

      By: Lynda M. Applegate and James Weber
      Mike Zani and Daniel Muzquiz needed to decide next steps to create a new category in the human resources consulting industry and scale their company.
      Zani and Muzquiz, serial entrepreneurs, acquired Predictive Index in 2014. Previously, as clients of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Resources; Selection And Staffing; Talent And Talent Management; Recruitment; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Change Management; Disruptive Innovation; Market Platforms; Growth And Development Strategy; Consulting Industry; Service Industry; United States
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      Applegate, Lynda M., and James Weber. "The Predictive Index." Harvard Business School Case 820-034, October 2019. (Revised August 2020.)
      • August 2019
      • Teaching Note

      Back to the Roots

      By: Elizabeth A. Keenan and Leslie K. John
      Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

      This Teaching Note explains the theory of the case and teaching plan for the case: Back to the Roots HBS case No. 518-073. Back to the Roots (BTTR) is a start-up with a...  View Details
      Keywords: Organic Food; Startup; Crowdfunding; Sustainability; Transparency; Entrepreneurship; Product Development; Product Marketing; Growth And Development Strategy; Decision Making; Food; Food And Beverage Industry
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      Keenan, Elizabeth A., and Leslie K. John. "Back to the Roots." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 520-028, August 2019. (Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.)
      • August 2019
      • Case

      Lemonade: Disrupting Insurance with Instant Everything, Killer Prices, and a Big Heart

      By: Elie Ofek and Danielle Golan
      Launching its first products in the fall of 2016 in New York, insurtech startup Lemonade was on a mission to disrupt the insurance market by using AI and behavioral economics principles. The company offered renters, homeowners, and condo insurance and mainly targeted...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Insurance; Technological Innovation; Business Model; Disruption; Brands And Branding; Growth And Development Strategy; Global Strategy; Decision Making; Insurance Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Danielle Golan. "Lemonade: Disrupting Insurance with Instant Everything, Killer Prices, and a Big Heart." Harvard Business School Case 520-020, August 2019.
      • August 2019
      • Article

      When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation

      By: Yicheng Song, Nachiketa Sahoo and Elie Ofek
      Sometimes we desire change, a break from the same or an opportunity to fulfill different aspects of our needs. Noting that consumers seek variety, several approaches have been developed to diversify items recommended by personalized recommender systems. However,...  View Details
      Keywords: Recommender Systems; Personalization; Recommendation Diversity; Variety Seeking; Collaborative Filtering; Consumer Utility Models; Digital Media; Clickstream Analysis; Learning-to-rank; Consumer Behavior; Media; Customization And Personalization; Strategy; Mathematical Methods
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      Song, Yicheng, Nachiketa Sahoo, and Elie Ofek. "When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation." Management Science 65, no. 8 (August 2019): 3737–3757.
      • November 2018 (Revised April 2019)
      • Case

      Zespri Grows

      By: David E. Bell and Natalie Kindred
      Controlling about a third of global kiwifruit exports by volume and nearly half by value in 2018, Zespri was a grower-owned “corporatized cooperative” with the exclusive right to export New Zealand-grown kiwifruit (except to Australia). Zespri did not grow fruit but...  View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Kiwi; Kiwifruit; Agriculture; Global Supply Chain; Branding; Produce; Coordinated Industry Structure; Industry Coordination; Countercyclical Supply; New Product Development; Product Strategy; Differentiation; Food; Quality; Trade; Brands And Branding; Marketing; Strategy; Global Strategy; Change Management; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Globalization; Globalized Firms And Management; Competitive Strategy; Resource Allocation; Product Development; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food And Beverage Industry; new Zealand
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      Bell, David E., and Natalie Kindred. "Zespri Grows." Harvard Business School Case 519-047, November 2018. (Revised April 2019.)
      • November 2018 (Revised May 2019)
      • Case

      Almarai Company: Milk and Modernization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

      By: Kristin Fabbe, Safwan Al-Amin, Esel Cekin and Natalie Kindred
      With SAR 14 billion ($3.7 billion) in 2017 revenues, Almarai was Saudi Arabia’s largest dairy producer, distributor, and marketer, with a large portfolio of branded dairy products, juices, bakery goods, and infant formula and a sales presence across the Gulf region,...  View Details
      Keywords: Dairy; Agriculture; Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia; Almarai; Schorderet; Food Security; Public Policy; Self Sufficiency; Gulf; Gcc; Business And Government; Agribusiness; Marketing; Distribution; Change Management; Leading Change; Strategy; Government And Politics; Policy; Diversification; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Food; Brands And Branding; Growth And Development Strategy; Business And Government Relations; Agriculture And Agribusiness Industry; Food And Beverage Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Saudi Arabia; Middle East
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      Fabbe, Kristin, Safwan Al-Amin, Esel Cekin, and Natalie Kindred. "Almarai Company: Milk and Modernization in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." Harvard Business School Case 719-020, November 2018. (Revised May 2019.)
      • June 2018 (Revised October 2019)
      • Case

      Back to the Roots

      By: Elizabeth A. Keenan and Leslie K. John
      Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

      Back to the Roots (BTTR) is a start-up with a social mission to “undo food”—to reconnect people to where their food comes from. In late 2017, Back to the Roots cofounders...  View Details
      Keywords: Organic Food; Startup; Crowdfunding; Sustainability; Transparency; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Product Development; Product Marketing; Growth And Development Strategy; Decision Making; Food; Food And Beverage Industry
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      Keenan, Elizabeth A., and Leslie K. John. "Back to the Roots." Harvard Business School Case 518-073, June 2018. (Revised October 2019.) (Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.)
      • April 2018
      • Teaching Note

      Formlabs: Selling a New 3D Printer

      By: Frank Cespedes
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 817-001. Formlabs is a venture that manufactures and sells 3D printers used in a variety of industries and applications. As the young company prepares to ship its latest model, the head of Customer Development is tasked with developing a...  View Details
      Keywords: 3d Printing And Manufacturing; Sales Channel Development; Sales Strategy; Entrepreneurial Management; Product Engineering; Prototype; Prototyping; Entrepreneurship; Product Launch; Hardware; Business Startups; Customers; Technological Innovation; Growth And Development Strategy; Technology Adoption; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Product Positioning; Demand And Consumers; Sales; Salesforce Management; Technology Industry; Computer Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; Massachusetts; Europe; Asia
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      Cespedes, Frank. "Formlabs: Selling a New 3D Printer." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 818-127, April 2018.
      • January 2018
      • Case

      Under Armour

      By: Rory McDonald, Clayton M. Christensen, Daniel West and Jonathan E. Palmer
      After 20 years of growth unprecedented in the sports apparel industry, Under Armour finds itself with a new record to beat: making the leap from $5 to $10 billion in sales—a feat only accomplished to date by competitors Nike and Adidas. At the heart of this challenge...  View Details
      Keywords: Under Armour; Nike; Adidas; "jobs To Be Done; Purpose Brands; Entrepreneurship; Customer Focus And Relationships; Innovation Strategy; Business Growth And Maturation; Growth Management; Innovation Leadership; Sports Industry; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Retail Industry; United States; Maryland; Baltimore
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      McDonald, Rory, Clayton M. Christensen, Daniel West, and Jonathan E. Palmer. "Under Armour." Harvard Business School Case 618-020, January 2018.
      • 2017
      • Article

      Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing

      By: Michael Y. Lee and Amy C. Edmondson
      Fascination with organizations that eschew the conventional managerial hierarchy and instead radically decentralize authority has been longstanding, albeit at the margins of scholarly and practitioner attention. Recently, however, organizational experiments in radical...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-managed Organizations; Self-managed Teams; Self-organizing Systems; Self-managing Organizations; Flat Organization; Decentralization; Organization Design; Non-hierarchical Organizations; Less-hierarchical Organizing; Organizational Structure; Organizational Design; Research
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      Lee, Michael Y., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing." Research in Organizational Behavior 37 (2017): 35–58.
      • November 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Amazon.com, 2016

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 716-402. On January 28, 2016, Amazon announced record 2015 operating profits of $2.2 billion on $107 billion of sales, and the markets responded with cautious optimism. For years, founder and CEO Jeffrey Bezos had prioritized growth and...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Analysis; Retail; E-commerce; Amazon; Internet; Amazon.com; Amazonfresh; Jeff Bezos; Cloud Computing; Marketplaces; Streaming; E-reader Market; Digital Media; Mobile App; Online Retail; Shipping; Database; Tablet; Kindle; Kindle Fire; Smartphone; Delivery; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Competition; Internet; Corporate Strategy; Online Advertising; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Music Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Profit; Revenue; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Taxation; Business History; Human Resources; Resignation And Termination; Books; Human Capital; Working Conditions; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Media; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Order Taking And Fulfillment; Infrastructure; Logistics; Product Development; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Public Ownership; Work-life Balance; Problems And Challenges; Labor And Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Expansion; Integration; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Hardware; Information Technology; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Price; Software; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Working Capital; Customer Focus And Relationships; Customer Value And Value Chain; Retail Industry; Advertising Industry; Distribution Industry; Electronics Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Motion Pictures And Video Industry; Music Industry; Publishing Industry; Shipping Industry; Technology Industry; Video Game Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Washington (state, Us); Seattle
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "Amazon.com, 2016." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-441, November 2017.
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Under Armour: Evolution of a Purpose Brand

      By: Rory McDonald, Clayton M. Christensen, Daniel West and Jonathan Palmer
      After twenty years of growth unprecedented in the sports apparel industry, Under Armour finds itself with a new record to beat: making the leap from $5 to $10 billion in sales — a feat only accomplished to date by competitors Nike and Adidas. At the heart of this...  View Details
      Keywords: Under Armour; Nike; Adidas; "jobs To Be Done; Purpose Brands; Entrepreneurship; Customer Focus And Relationships; Innovation Strategy; Business Growth And Maturation; Growth Management; Innovation Leadership; Sports Industry; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Fashion Industry; Health Industry; Technology Industry; Retail Industry; United States; Maryland; Baltimore
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      McDonald, Rory, Clayton M. Christensen, Daniel West, and Jonathan Palmer. "Under Armour: Evolution of a Purpose Brand." Harvard Business School Case 618-010, September 2017.
      • Article

      China Gambles on Modernizing Through Urbanization

      By: Kristen Looney and Meg Rithmire
      Contemporary discussions of urbanization and urban construction in China tend to focus on “ghost towns” on the one hand or urbanization as China’s silver bullet to growth and reform on the other. In this paper, we detail what China calls its “New Urbanization Policy.”...  View Details
      Keywords: Urban Development; Development Economics; Problems And Challenges; China
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      Looney, Kristen, and Meg Rithmire. "China Gambles on Modernizing Through Urbanization." Current History 116, no. 791 (September 2017): 203–209.
      • May 2017
      • Teaching Note

      Partners Group: Ain't No Mountain High Enough

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz
      Partners Group (PG), a Swiss-based PE manager, initiated a series of strategic shifts and evolved from a predominately fund-of-funds manager into a large, multi-asset class PE firm focused on direct investments. PG was the first PE firm to go public in 2006. A number...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Entrepreneurship; Management Practices And Processes; Private Equity
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo. "Partners Group: Ain't No Mountain High Enough." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 217-064, May 2017.
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      Category Kings or Commoners? Market-Shaping and its Consequences in Nascent Categories
      Modern Indian Art: The Birth of a Market
      Market categories—SUVs, smartphones, hip replacement surgeons—help facilitate commerce and other "market exchanges" by providing a basis...
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