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  • All HBS Web  (128)
    • Faculty Publications  (21)

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    • All HBS Web  (128)
      • Faculty Publications  (21)

      Negativity Bias Remove Negativity Bias →

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      • November 2022
      • Article

      Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank

      By: Mina Cikara, Vasiliki Fouka and Marco Tabellini
      People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice; Minority; Hate Crimes; Reference Dependence; Prejudice and Bias; Attitudes; Demographics
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      Cikara, Mina, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Hate Crime Towards Minoritized Groups Increases as They Increase in Sized-Based Rank." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1537–1544. (Pre-Published online August 8, 2022, Featured in HBS Working Knowledge and ABC News.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy

      By: Joe Long, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
      This paper studies the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned Chinese immigration to the United States after 1882, across U.S. counties between 1870 and 1940. We find that the Act reduced labor supply for both the Chinese and other groups (i.e., white and...  View Details
      Keywords: Immigration; Growth; Productivity; Business History; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Business and Government Relations; Prejudice and Bias; Government Legislation; United States
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      Long, Joe, Carlo Medici, Nancy Qian, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act on the U.S. Economy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-008, March 2022.
      • June 2022
      • Article

      Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Misha Teplitskiy, Gary Gray, Hardeep Ranu, Michael Menietti, Eva C. Guinan and Karim R. Lakhani
      The evaluation and selection of novel projects lies at the heart of scientific and technological innovation, and yet there are persistent concerns about bias, such as conservatism. This paper investigates the role that the format of evaluation, specifically information...  View Details
      Keywords: Project Evaluation; Innovation; Knowledge Frontier; Information Sharing; Negativity Bias; Projects; Innovation and Invention; Information; Knowledge Sharing
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Misha Teplitskiy, Gary Gray, Hardeep Ranu, Michael Menietti, Eva C. Guinan, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Conservatism Gets Funded? A Field Experiment on the Role of Negative Information in Novel Project Evaluation." Management Science 68, no. 6 (June 2022): 4478–4495.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Hate Crime Increases with Minoritized Group Rank

      By: Marco E. Tabellini
      People are on the move in unprecedented numbers within and between countries. How does demographic change affect local intergroup dynamics? In complement to accounts that emphasize stereotypical features of groups as determinants of their treatment, we propose the...  View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice; Minority; Hate Crimes; Reference Dependence; Demographics; Rank and Position; Prejudice and Bias; Crime and Corruption
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      Cikara, Mina, Vasiliki Fouka, and Marco Tabellini. "Hate Crime Increases with Minoritized Group Rank." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-075, February 2022. (Permanent link here. Forthcoming at Nature Human Behaviour.)
      • November–December 2020
      • Article

      Does Gender Matter? The Effect of Management Responses on Reviewing Behavior

      By: Davide Proserpio, Isamar Troncoso and Francesca Valsesia
      We study the effect of management responses on the reviewing behavior of self-identified female and male reviewers. Using data from Tripadvisor, we show that after hotels begin to respond to reviews, the probability that a negative review comes from a self-identified...  View Details
      Keywords: Word Of Mouth; Online Reviews; Management Responses; E-commerce; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Digital Platforms; Customers
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      Proserpio, Davide, Isamar Troncoso, and Francesca Valsesia. "Does Gender Matter? The Effect of Management Responses on Reviewing Behavior." Special Issue on Marketing Science and Field Experiments. Marketing Science 39, no. 6 (November–December 2020).
      • November 30, 2020
      • Editorial

      Don’t Focus on the Most Expressive Face in the Audience

      By: Amit Goldenberg and Erika Weisz
      Research has shown that when speaking in front of a group, people’s attention tends to gets stuck on the most emotional faces, causing them to overestimate the group’s average emotional state. In this piece, the authors share two additional findings: First, the larger...  View Details
      Keywords: Emotions; Bias
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      Goldenberg, Amit, and Erika Weisz. "Don’t Focus on the Most Expressive Face in the Audience." Harvard Business Review (website) (November 30, 2020).
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      When Do Experts Listen to Other Experts? The Role of Negative Information in Expert Evaluations for Novel Projects

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Misha Teplitskiy, Gary Gray, Hardeep Ranu, Michael Menietti, Eva C. Guinan and Karim R. Lakhani
      The evaluation of novel projects lies at the heart of scientific and technological innovation, and yet literature suggests that this process is subject to inconsistency and potential biases. This paper investigates the role of information sharing among experts as the...  View Details
      Keywords: Project Evaluation; Innovation; Knowledge Frontier; Negativity Bias; Projects; Innovation and Invention; Information; Diversity; Judgments
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Misha Teplitskiy, Gary Gray, Hardeep Ranu, Michael Menietti, Eva C. Guinan, and Karim R. Lakhani. "When Do Experts Listen to Other Experts? The Role of Negative Information in Expert Evaluations for Novel Projects." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-007, July 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Discrimination and State Capacity: Evidence from WWII U.S. Army Enlistment

      By: Nancy Qian and Marco Tabellini
      This paper investigates the empirical relationship between inclusion and state capacity during wartime. We document that racial discrimination against Black Americans had a large, negative effect on the quantity and quality of Black men who volunteered for the U.S....  View Details
      Keywords: State Capacity; Institutions; War; Race; Prejudice and Bias; Government Administration; United States
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      Qian, Nancy, and Marco Tabellini. "Discrimination and State Capacity: Evidence from WWII U.S. Army Enlistment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-005, July 2020. (Revised June 2022. Available also from KelloggInsight, HBS Working Knowledge, and NBER.)
      • June 2020
      • Article

      How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections

      By: Maria Ibanez and Michael W. Toffel
      Accuracy and consistency are critical for inspections to be an effective, fair, and useful tool for assessing risks, quality, and suppliers—and for making decisions based on those assessments. We examine how inspector schedules could introduce bias that erodes...  View Details
      Keywords: Assessment; Bias; Inspection; Scheduling; Econometric Analysis; Empirical Research; Regulation; Health; Food; Safety; Quality; Performance Consistency; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Ibanez, Maria, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Scheduling Can Bias Quality Assessment: Evidence from Food Safety Inspections." Management Science 66, no. 6 (June 2020): 2396–2416. (Revised February 2019. Featured in Harvard Business Review, Forbes, Food Safety Magazine, Food Safety News, and KelloggInsight. (2020 MSOM Responsible Research Finalist.))
      • May 18, 2020
      • Other Article

      Media Bias? But Not What You Think It Is

      By: Frank V. Cespedes
      The media are often accused of political bias. But news outlets reflect many political beliefs in a fragmented media environment. However, an almost across-the-board bias is how news media talk about digital business, and the pandemic has exacerbated that bias, which...  View Details
      Keywords: Bias; Digital Business; Media; Disruption; Health Pandemics
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      Cespedes, Frank V. "Media Bias? But Not What You Think It Is." Medium (May 18, 2020).
      • Article

      Choice Architects Reveal a Bias Toward Positivity and Certainty

      By: David P. Daniels and Julian Zlatev
      Biases influence important decisions, but little is known about whether and how individuals try to exploit others’ biases in strategic interactions. Choice architects—that is, people who present choices to others—must often decide between presenting choice sets with...  View Details
      Keywords: Nudges; Biases; Strategic Decision Making; Social Influence; Choice Architects; Choice Architecture; Reflection Effect; Certainty Effect; Loss Aversion; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; Power and Influence
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      Daniels, David P., and Julian Zlatev. "Choice Architects Reveal a Bias Toward Positivity and Certainty." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 151 (March 2019): 132–149.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Meet the Oligarchs: Business Legitimacy, State Capacity and Taxation

      By: Rafael Di Tella, Juan Dubra and Alejandro Lagomarsino
      We analyze the role of people’s beliefs about the rich in the determination of public policy in the context of a randomized online survey experiment. A question we study is the desirability of government-private sector meetings, a variable we argue is connected to...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Legitimacy; State Capacity; Meetings; Taxes; Top 1%; Regulation; Prejudice and Bias; Values and Beliefs; Taxation; Business and Government Relations
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      Di Tella, Rafael, Juan Dubra, and Alejandro Lagomarsino. "Meet the Oligarchs: Business Legitimacy, State Capacity and Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-046, December 2016.
      • Article

      The Effect of Background Music in Shark Documentaries on Viewers' Perceptions of Sharks

      By: Andy Nosal, Elizabeth A. Keenan, Philip A. Hastings and Ayelet Gneezy
      Despite the ongoing need for shark conservation and management, prevailing negative sentiments marginalize these animals and legitimize permissive exploitation. These negative attitudes arise from an instinctive yet exaggerated fear, which is validated and reinforced...  View Details
      Keywords: Natural Environment; Prejudice and Bias; Marketing; Attitudes; Music Entertainment
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      Nosal, Andy, Elizabeth A. Keenan, Philip A. Hastings, and Ayelet Gneezy. "The Effect of Background Music in Shark Documentaries on Viewers' Perceptions of Sharks." PLoS ONE 11, no. 8 (August 2016).
      • October 6, 2015
      • Article

      Compared to Men, Women View Professional Advancement as Equally Attainable, but Less Desirable

      By: Francesca Gino, Caroline Ashley Wilmuth and Alison Wood Brooks
      Women are underrepresented in most high-level positions in organizations. While a great deal of research has provided evidence that bias and discrimination give rise to and perpetuate this gender disparity, in the current research, we explore another explanation: men...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Gender
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      Gino, Francesca, Caroline Ashley Wilmuth, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Compared to Men, Women View Professional Advancement as Equally Attainable, but Less Desirable." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 40 (October 6, 2015).
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Blinded by Experience: Prior Experience, Negative News and Belief Updating

      By: Bradley R. Staats, Diwas S. KC and Francesca Gino
      Traditional models of operations management involve dynamic decision-making assuming optimal (Bayesian) updating. However, behavioral theory suggests that individuals exhibit bias in their beliefs and decisions. We conduct both a field study and two laboratory studies...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Operations; Egocentric Bias; Experience; Healthcare Operations; Prejudice and Bias; Behavior; Operations; Decision Making; Health Care and Treatment
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      Staats, Bradley R., Diwas S. KC, and Francesca Gino. "Blinded by Experience: Prior Experience, Negative News and Belief Updating." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-015, August 2015.
      • November 2012
      • Article

      An Age Penalty in Racial Preferences

      By: Deborah A. Small, Devin G. Pope and Michael I. Norton
      We document an age penalty in racial discrimination: charitable behavior toward African American children decreases-and negative stereotypical inferences increase-with the age of those children. Using data from an online charity that solicits donations for school...  View Details
      Keywords: Stereotyping; Charitable Giving; Prejudice; Prosocial Behavior; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Age; Race; Prejudice and Bias
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      Small, Deborah A., Devin G. Pope, and Michael I. Norton. "An Age Penalty in Racial Preferences." Social Psychological & Personality Science 3, no. 6 (November 2012): 730–737.
      • 2009
      • Dictionary Entry

      Negativity Bias

      By: Todd Rogers and Max H. Bazerman
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias
      Citation
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      Rogers, Todd, and Max H. Bazerman. "Negativity Bias." In Oxford Companion to Emotion and the Affective Sciences, edited by D. Sander and K. R. Scherer. Oxford University Press, 2009.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Nameless + Harmless = Blameless: When Seemingly Irrelevant Factors Influence Judgment of (Un)ethical Behavior

      By: Francesca Gino, Lisa L. Shu and Max H. Bazerman
      People often make judgments about the ethicality of others' behaviors and then decide how harshly to punish such behaviors. When they make these judgments and decisions, sometimes the victims of the unethical behavior are identifiable, and sometimes they are not. In...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Judgments; Ethics; Law; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Prejudice and Bias
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      Gino, Francesca, Lisa L. Shu, and Max H. Bazerman. "Nameless + Harmless = Blameless: When Seemingly Irrelevant Factors Influence Judgment of (Un)ethical Behavior." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-020, August 2008. (Revised October 2009.)
      • March 1983
      • Article

      Brilliant but Cruel: Perceptions of Negative Evaluators

      By: T. M. Amabile
      Using edited excerpts from actual negative and positive book reviews, this research examined the hypothesis that negative evaluators of intellectual products will be perceived as more intelligent than positive evaluators. The results strongly supported the hypothesis....  View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Situation or Environment; Performance Evaluation; Perception; Status and Position; Attitudes; Prejudice and Bias; Power and Influence
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      Amabile, T. M. "Brilliant but Cruel: Perceptions of Negative Evaluators." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19 (March 1983): 146–156. (Reprinted in: E. Aronson (Ed.) (1984), Readings about the social animal (3rd. ed.). San Francisco: Freeman.)
      • January 1982
      • Article

      A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation

      By: T. M. Amabile and A. H. Glazebrook
      Two studies were conducted to demonstrate a bias toward negativity in evaluations of persons or their work in particular social circumstances. In Study 1, subjects evaluated materials written by peers. Those working under conditions that placed them in low status...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Status and Position; Prejudice and Bias; Performance Evaluation; Situation or Environment; Perception; Attitudes
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      Amabile, T. M., and A. H. Glazebrook. "A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18 (January 1982): 1–22.
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