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      • March 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Hikma Pharmaceuticals Governance Journey

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Jonah Goldberg
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 318108. The case opens with Said Darwazah, chairman and CEO of Hikma Pharmaceuticals, the multinational generics company, anticipating the company’s 2017 AGM and reflecting on changes made over the previous year to address concerns...  View Details
      Keywords: Jordan; Emerging Market; Private Sector; For-profit Firms; Boards Of Directors; Pharmaceuticals; Remuneration; Shareholder Engagement; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Business and Shareholder Relations; Executive Compensation; Business Growth and Maturation; Pharmaceutical Industry; Jordan
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Jonah Goldberg. "Hikma Pharmaceuticals Governance Journey." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-078, March 2023.
      • November, 2022
      • Article

      Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance

      By: Mike Horia Teodorescu, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tarun Khanna
      We respond to calls in the strategy and international business literature for elucidating how multinational subsidiaries develop contextual intelligence in host countries and how they use the local context as a source of valuable opportunities for learning. Applying...  View Details
      Keywords: MNCs; Knowledge Flows; Innovation; Gravity Model; Absorptive Capacity; Multinational Firms and Management; Business Subsidiaries; Knowledge Management; Business Headquarters; Innovation and Invention
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      Teodorescu, Mike Horia, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tarun Khanna. "Role of Context in Knowledge Flows: Host Country versus Headquarters as Sources of MNC Subsidiary Knowledge Inheritance." Special Issue on Decade Celebration Special Issue II. Global Strategy Journal 12, no. 4 (November, 2022): 658–678.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      mPharma: Scaling Access to Affordable Primary Care in Africa

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
      mPharma CEO Greg Rockson is attempting to create the largest pan-African primary healthcare company. He must evaluate a three-year strategy potentially involving three key components: a rapid and extensive expansion of the company's network of 600 retail pharmacies in...  View Details
      Keywords: Africa; Pharmaceutical Companies; Pharmacy Benefit Manager; Health Care; Health Care And Treatment; Health Care Costs; Health Care Delivery; Health Care Entrepreneurship; Telehealth; Health Equity; Corporate Strategy; Social Entrepreneurship; Equity; Growth and Development Strategy; Expansion; Product Launch; Customer Value and Value Chain; Social Enterprise; Multinational Firms and Management; Pharmaceutical Industry; Health Industry; Africa
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Ben Creo. "mPharma: Scaling Access to Affordable Primary Care in Africa." Harvard Business School Case 323-033, October 2022.
      • September 2022 (Revised November 2022)
      • Case

      The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act: Forced Labor and Genocide in U.S.-China Relations

      By: Jeremy Friedman and David Lane
      On June 21, 2022, the Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act (UFLPA) went into effect, requiring companies to prove that goods imported from the People’s Republic of China were not made with forced labor. The bill was a reaction to reports of products being made with...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Government Legislation; International Relations; Labor; Wages; Law Enforcement; Law; Rights; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Business and Government Relations; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Mining Industry; China; United States
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      Friedman, Jeremy, and David Lane. "The Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act: Forced Labor and Genocide in U.S.-China Relations." Harvard Business School Case 723-001, September 2022. (Revised November 2022.)
      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      In Search of Global Regulation

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Mona Rahmani
      The history of the international regulation of global capitalism is surveyed, addressing the challenges facing firms confronting international, national, and regional regulation. Follows the history of global regulation after 1914, from the League of Nations;...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Multinational Firms and Management; International Relations; Laws and Statutes; Corporate Governance; Business and Government Relations
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Mona Rahmani. "In Search of Global Regulation." Harvard Business School Case 822-122, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Crises and International Business

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This chapter uses the intellectual journey of the author to suggest that crises have been the norm rather than the exception in the history of international business. Over the last 100 years world wars, regional conflicts, the Great Depression, and decolonization are...  View Details
      Keywords: Crisis; Multinational Companies; International Business; Emerging Market; Business History; Multinational Firms and Management; System Shocks; War; Emerging Markets; Crisis Management
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Crises and International Business." Chap. 2 in International Business in Times of Crisis. Vol. 16, edited by Rob van Tulder, Alain Verbeke, Lucia Piscitello, and Jonas Puck, 27–32. Progress in International Business Research. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sara Signorelli and James M. Sappenfield
      Leveraging a unique dataset merging patent data with all work-related migration reforms that took place in 15 countries over 26 years, we show that reforms discouraging inventor mobility decrease the patenting of MNE subsidiaries within a country, while reforms...  View Details
      Keywords: Migration; Technology; Policy Evaluation; Patents; Information Technology; Immigration; Policy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Globalization
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sara Signorelli, and James M. Sappenfield. "Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-047, January 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • January 2022
      • Case

      Walmart Goes Global (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Success; Globalized Markets and Industries; Expansion; Market Entry and Exit; Failure; Retail Industry; Germany; China; Argentina; South Korea; Canada; Japan; Brazil; Africa; United Kingdom; United States; Mexico
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      Alcácer, Juan. "Walmart Goes Global (A)." Harvard Business School Case 722-385, January 2022.
      • August 2021 (Revised January 2022)
      • Case

      Danaher Corporation (Abridged)

      By: Bharat Anand, David J. Collis and Sophie Hood
      Between 1985 and 2007, Danaher has been one of the best-performing industrial conglomerates in the U.S. This case examines the corporate strategy of this diversified, global corporation. It describes the firm's portfolio strategy and the Danaher Business System—a...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Conglomerates; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Competitive Strategy
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      Anand, Bharat, David J. Collis, and Sophie Hood. "Danaher Corporation (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 722-370, August 2021. (Revised January 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Multi-location Workers in Multinational Firms? Tradeoffs in Contextual Specialization of Employees and Organizational Outcomes

      By: Hise O. Gibson, Ryan W. Buell and Prithwiraj Choudhury
      We study how “contextual specialization,” the act of focusing workers’ organizational tasks within a particular locational context, and “contextual non-specialization,” the practice of diversifying workers’ organizational tasks among multiple locational contexts,...  View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Performance; Experience and Expertise; Selection and Staffing; Strength and Weakness; Personal Development and Career
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      Gibson, Hise O., Ryan W. Buell, and Prithwiraj Choudhury. "Multi-location Workers in Multinational Firms? Tradeoffs in Contextual Specialization of Employees and Organizational Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-007, August 2021.
      • July 2021
      • Article

      Multinationality and Capital Structure Dynamics: A Corporate Governance Explanation

      By: Daniel Gyimah, Nana Abena Kwansa, Anthony K. Kyiu and Anywhere Sikochi
      This paper examines the impact of corporate governance on capital structure dynamics. Using ordinary least squares regressions on 17,496 firm-year observations for 2,294 U.S. multinational companies (MNCs) over the period 1990–2018, we find that MNCs with strong...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinationality; Speed Of Adjustment; Corporate Governance; Multinational Firms and Management; Capital Structure
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      Gyimah, Daniel, Nana Abena Kwansa, Anthony K. Kyiu, and Anywhere Sikochi. "Multinationality and Capital Structure Dynamics: A Corporate Governance Explanation." Art. 101758. International Review of Financial Analysis 76 (July 2021).
      • May 2021
      • Teaching Note

      From Globalization to Dual Digital Transformation: CEO Thierry Breton Leading Atos Into 'Digital Shockwaves'

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      Teaching Note for HBS Case Nos. 419-027 and 419-046. Thierry Breton, chairman and CEO of IT company Atos, faces a pivotal juncture. After spending eight intense years scaling the company globally to over 100,000 employees in 70 countries, he sees digital shockwaves...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Transformation; Strategy; Disruption; Employees; Competency and Skills; Training; Organizational Culture; Digital Transformation; Information Technology Industry
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      Neeley, Tsedal. "From Globalization to Dual Digital Transformation: CEO Thierry Breton Leading Atos Into 'Digital Shockwaves'." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 421-096, May 2021.
      • 2021
      • Book

      Global Goliaths: Multinational Corporations in the 21st Century Economy

      By: C. Fritz Foley, James R. Hines Jr. and David Wessel
      Globalization and multinational corporations have long seemed partners in the enterprise of economic growth: globalization-led prosperity was the goal, and giant corporations spanning the globe would help achieve it. In recent years, however, the notion that all...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Globalization; Economy; Economic Growth; Equality and Inequality; Employment; Policy
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      Foley, C. Fritz, James R. Hines Jr., and David Wessel, eds. Global Goliaths: Multinational Corporations in the 21st Century Economy. Brookings Institution Press, 2021.
      • March 2021 (Revised May 2021)
      • Case

      ALDDN: Advancing Local Dairy Development in Nigeria

      By: Meg Rithmire and Debora L. Spar
      In 2020, Ndidi Nwuneli, founder and CEO of Sahel Consulting in Nigeria, faced a thorny set of problems. Her firm partnered with the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation in a large project to develop the local dairy industry as a way to facilitate equitable growth and...  View Details
      Keywords: Animal-Based Agribusiness; Food; Rural Scope; Growth and Development; Nonprofit Organizations; Globalized Markets and Industries; Business and Government Relations; Equality and Inequality; Food and Beverage Industry; Consulting Industry; Nigeria
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Debora L. Spar. "ALDDN: Advancing Local Dairy Development in Nigeria." Harvard Business School Case 721-026, March 2021. (Revised May 2021.)
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Renewing the Relevance of IB: Can Some History Help?

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      International business (IB) as a discipline has given limited attention to contemporary grand challenges of inequality, global warming, aging populations, endemic health crises, and de-globalization, in all of which multinationals are either central to the problem or...  View Details
      Keywords: International Business; Globalization; History; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Renewing the Relevance of IB: Can Some History Help?" Chap. 6 in The Multiple Dimensions of Institutional Complexity in International Business Research. Vol. 15, edited by Alain Verbeke, Rob van Tulder, Elizabeth L. Rose, and Yingqi Wei, 77–92. Progress in International Business Research. Bingley, United Kingdom: Emerald Publishing Limited, 2021.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Teresa da Silva Lopes
      This chapter provides an overview of the evolution of international business over the long-run as well as the strategies of MNEs. It highlights how strategies became more complex over time with MNEs moving from being coordinators of resources and managers of...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational; International Business; Internalization; Globalization; Theory; Multinational Firms and Management; Business History; Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North and Central America
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Teresa da Silva Lopes. "International Business History and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises: How History Matters." Chap. 2 in The Oxford Handbook of International Business Strategy, edited by Kamel Mellahi, Klaus E. Meyer, Rajneesh Narula, Irina Surdu, and Alain Verbeke. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Effects of Temporal Distance on Intra-Firm Communication: Evidence from Daylight Savings Time

      By: Jasmina Chauvin, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Tommy Pan Fang
      Cross-border communication costs have plummeted and enabled the global distribution of work, but frictions attributable to distance persist. We estimate the causal effects of temporal distance, i.e., time zone separation between employees, on intra-firm communication,...  View Details
      Keywords: Communication Patterns; Time Zones; Geographic Frictions; Knowledge Workers; Multinational Companies; Communication; Multinational Firms and Management; Geographic Location
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      Chauvin, Jasmina, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Tommy Pan Fang. "The Effects of Temporal Distance on Intra-Firm Communication: Evidence from Daylight Savings Time." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-052, September 2020. (Revised November 2021.)
      • September 2020 (Revised February 2023)
      • Teaching Note

      Uber: Competing Globally

      By: Alexander J. MacKay
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-404.  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Global Strategy; Globalization; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Innovation and Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Law; Management; Growth and Development; Growth Management; Markets; Demand and Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Network Effects; Emerging Markets; Market Design; Market Entry and Exit; Market Participation; Supply and Industry; Industry Structures; Planning; Strategic Planning; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Labor and Management Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Information Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Digital Platforms; Transportation Networks; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Ghana; Asia; China; Shanghai; Shanghai Shi; India; New Delhi; Europe; United Kingdom; London; England; Latin America; North and Central America; United States; New York (city, NY); New York (state, US); South America; Colombia
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      MacKay, Alexander J. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 721-387, September 2020. (Revised February 2023.)
      • July 2020 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      Board Diversity at Amazon (A)

      By: Aiyesha Dey and Anu Atluru
      The case revolves around the decisions that the board of directors of ecommerce giant Amazon would need to make in response to the controversial letter that activist shareholder CtW investment group sent to Amazon’s shareholders, urging them to vote in favor of a...  View Details
      Keywords: Board Of Directors; Boards; Governing and Advisory Boards; Diversity; Gender; Race; United States
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      Dey, Aiyesha, and Anu Atluru. "Board Diversity at Amazon (A)." Harvard Business School Case 121-012, July 2020. (Revised March 2021.)
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Intra-firm Geographic Mobility: Value Creation Mechanisms and Future Research Directions

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
      This paper argues that intra-firm geographic mobility is an understudied mechanism that can help mitigate coordination failures in a geographically distributed organization. The paper presents an organizing framework on how intra-firm geographic mobility creates value...  View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Employees; Geographic Location; Value Creation
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj. "Intra-firm Geographic Mobility: Value Creation Mechanisms and Future Research Directions." Special Issue on Employee Inter- and Intra-Firm Mobility. Advances in Strategic Management 41 (July 2020).
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