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- July 2021
- Article
Multinationality and Capital Structure Dynamics: A Corporate Governance Explanation
By: Daniel Gyimah, Nana Abena Kwansa, Anthony K. Kyiu and Anywhere Sikochi
This paper examines the impact of corporate governance on capital structure dynamics. Using ordinary least squares regressions on 17,496 firm-year observations for 2,294 U.S. multinational companies (MNCs) over the period 1990–2018, we find that MNCs with strong...
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- January 2021 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
TCS: From Physical Offices to Borderless Work
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Malini Sen
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), a multinational IT services company headquartered in Mumbai, is a subsidiary of one of India’s most reputed conglomerates, the Tata Group. In 2020, TCS was valued at $144.7 billion, the highest for any company in the IT sector,...
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- January 2021
- Case
Digital Transformation 2.0: CEO Elie Girard at Atos
By: Tsedal Neeley and James Barnett
Elie Girard has taken the helm as CEO of Atos—multinational IT giant—to lead the company into the next era of digital transformation. Noticing that customers’ digital needs were evolving to become even more specialized and global in scope, he made a bold first step as...
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- December 2020
- Article
Multinational Firms and the Politics of International Trade in Multidisciplinary Perspective
By: Grace A. Ballor and Aydin B. Yildirim
From the technical analyses of wide ranges of scholars to the public discourse backlashes against globalization, there is a huge volume of work historicizing, quantifying, and problematizing the complex role of multinational corporations (MNCs) in international trade....
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- October 2020
- Case
Israelis, Palestinians and the Technology Bridge Between Them: A Work in Progress
By: Elie Ofek and Lia Weiner
In Israel of 2020 the demand for software engineers was endless. Meanwhile just miles away, Palestinian universities were graduating 3,000 engineers a year, and many of them could not find jobs in the still nascent Palestinian tech sector. Could these dots be...
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- September 2020 (Revised April 2021)
- Case
Algramo
By: Michael Chu, Monica Silva and Mariana Cal
Founded in 2013 by José Manuel Moller in Chile, Algramo first became known for addressing the “poverty tax” (the surcharge paid by lower income families for staples sold in smaller sizes) through specially-designed dispensers in low-income neighborhood grocery stores...
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Keywords:
Packaging-as-a-Wallet;
Plastic Waste;
Business At The Base Of The Pyramid;
Reusable Packaging;
Alliances With FMCGs To Meet ESG Goals;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Value Creation;
Goals and Objectives;
Business Model;
Consumer Products Industry;
Latin America;
South America;
Chile
- September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
- Case
PDS: Ring-Fencing the Ranch
By: Dennis Campbell, Tarun Khanna and Kerry Herman
Pallak Seth, Group CEO of PDS Multinational Fashions, is contemplating options to bring better collaboration across his global apparel supply chain platform. PDS, a group of 50-plus subsidiary companies, each led by its own CEO and with different apparel industry...
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- July 2020 (Revised March 2021)
- Case
Board Diversity at Amazon (A)
By: Aiyesha Dey and Anu Atluru
The case revolves around the decisions that the board of directors of ecommerce giant Amazon would need to make in response to the controversial letter that activist shareholder CtW investment group sent to Amazon’s shareholders, urging them to vote in favor of a...
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Keywords:
Board Of Directors;
Boards;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Diversity;
Gender;
Race;
United States
- 2020
- Book
Capitalism at Risk: How Business Can Lead
Who should take the lead in fixing market capitalism? Business—not government alone. The spread of capitalism worldwide has made people wealthier than ever before. But capitalism's future is far from assured. Pandemics, income inequality, resource depletion, mass...
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- December 2019 (Revised May 2021)
- Case
The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci
The Dutch East India Company’s board of directors must decide what to do about an impending legal requirement to liquidate the company’s assets and return to shareholders their capital and any profits earned during a ten-year lock-up period. The charter granted to the...
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- December 2019 (Revised June 2021)
- Case
Mãe Terra and Unilever (A)
By: Lynn S. Paine, Ruth Costas and Priscilla Zogbi
The case concerns the sale of Mãe Terra, one of Brazil's leading brands for packaged organic foods, to the consumer goods giant Unilever in 2017. Working with Unilever management, Mãe Terra’s CEO Alexandre Borges must determine whether and how to keep Mãe Terra's B...
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Keywords:
Mergers ＆ Acquisitions;
Brand Management;
Sustainability;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Mission and Purpose;
Social Enterprise;
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Environmental Sustainability;
Organizational Culture;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Brazil;
Latin America
- December 2019
- Supplement
Mãe Terra and Unilever (B)
By: Lynn S. Paine, Ruth Costas and Mariana Cal
Unilever is making strides to integrate the operations of Mãe Terra—one of Brazil's leading brands for packaged organic foods—into its own structures, after acquiring the company in 2017. Mãe Terra’s CEO, Alexandre Borges, must decide whether to implement his original...
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Keywords:
Brand Management;
Sustainability;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Mission and Purpose;
Social Enterprise;
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Environmental Sustainability;
Organizational Culture;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Brazil;
Latin America
- September 2019 (Revised May 2020)
- Case
Keroche (A): Fighting for Share in the Kenyan Alcoholic Drinks Market
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pippa Tubman Armerding
This case discusses the challenges faced by Kenyan alcoholic drinks producer Keroche Industries Limited in 2003, when the Kenyan government accused the company of manufacturing and selling substandard alcoholic drinks, revoked its liquor licenses, and shut down its...
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Keywords:
Keroche;
Alcohol;
Wine;
Manufacturing;
Informal Market;
Regulation;
Illicit;
Illegal;
Shutdown;
Factory;
Low-income Consumers;
Multinational;
Local;
Government;
Allegations;
Accusations;
Negative Press;
EABL;
Tusker;
Beer;
SAB;
Chang'aa;
Naivasha;
Rift Valley;
East Africa;
Lawsuit;
Legal Battle;
Business Ventures;
Business Exit or Shutdown;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Startups;
Production;
Safety;
Quality;
Distribution;
Small Business;
Family Business;
Crime and Corruption;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decisions;
Income;
Demographics;
Geographic Scope;
Geographic Location;
Goods and Commodities;
Government Legislation;
Growth and Development;
Business History;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Laws and Statutes;
Lawfulness;
Goals and Objectives;
Consumer Behavior;
Market Entry and Exit;
Problems and Challenges;
Social Issues;
Poverty;
Strategy;
Competition;
Entrepreneurship;
Manufacturing Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Kenya;
Nairobi;
Africa
- September 2019
- Supplement
Keroche (B): Considering Entry into the Kenyan Beer Market
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pippa Tubman Armerding
This case discusses the situation of the Kenyan alcoholic drinks producer Keroche in July 2004, when co-founder Tabitha Karanja was debating whether to enter the Kenyan beer market. Doing so would mean direct competition with the multinational EABL in an industry and...
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Keywords:
Keroche;
Alcohol;
Alcoholic Drinks;
Alcoholic Beverages;
Beverages;
Drinks;
Wine Industry;
Wine;
Fortified Wine;
Viena;
Beer;
Beer Market;
Manufacturing;
Production Capacity;
Capacity;
Growth;
Regulated;
Unregulated;
Informal;
Informal Market;
Regulation;
Illicit;
Illegal;
Substandard;
Dangerous;
Shutdown;
Factory;
Safe;
Affordable;
Low-income Consumers;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Startups;
Production;
Investment;
Safety;
Quality;
Small Business;
Family Business;
Crime and Corruption;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Decisions;
Income;
Demographics;
Geographic Scope;
Geographic Location;
Goods and Commodities;
Government Legislation;
Growth and Development;
Business History;
Lawsuits and Litigation;
Laws and Statutes;
Lawfulness;
Goals and Objectives;
Consumer Behavior;
Market Entry and Exit;
Problems and Challenges;
Social Issues;
Poverty;
Strategy;
Competition;
Entrepreneurship;
Marketing;
Manufacturing Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Kenya;
Nairobi;
Africa
- April 2019 (Revised December 2019)
- Case
Exporting Livability: Investing in New Urban Centers
By: John D. Macomber and Essie Alamsyah
Can Singapore urban design, policy continuity, and system of laws be exported outside of Singapore to accelerate the effective development of new urban agglomerations? Nina Yang, CEO of Sustainable Urban Development at Ascendas-Singbridge, a large real estate company...
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- March 2019
- Case
Dabur India: Growing Professional Management from Family Roots
By: Suraj Srinivasan, Namrata Arora and Jonah Goldberg
The case opens in December of 2018, with Sunil Duggal, the CEO of Dabur India (a multinational consumer goods conglomerate with a focus in Ayurvedic products) contemplating who should succeed him at the head of the company. The new CEO will have been the first since...
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- February 2018
- Case
Hikma Pharmaceuticals Governance Journey
By: Lynn Paine, Suraj Srinivasan and Gamze Yucaoglu
The case opens with Said Darwazah, chairman and CEO of Hikma Pharmaceuticals, the multinational generics company, anticipating the company’s 2017 AGM and reflecting on changes made over the previous year to address concerns expressed by proxy advisors and some...
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Keywords:
Jordan;
Emerging Markets;
Private Sector;
For-profit Firms;
Boards Of Directors;
Pharmaceuticals;
Remuneration;
Shareholder Engagement;
Corporate Governance;
Governing and Advisory Boards;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Executive Compensation;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Pharmaceutical Industry;
Jordan
- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-426.
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking...
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Keywords:
Tencent;
Tencent Holdings;
WeChat;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Video Games;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Portals;
Payments;
Mobile Payments;
O2O;
Online-to-offline;
E-commerce;
Messaging;
Subscription Model;
Freemium;
Mobile App Industry;
Smartphone;
PC;
Monetization Strategy;
Antitrust;
Streaming;
Cloud Computing;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Alibaba;
Facebook;
JD.com;
Tesla;
Bundling;
Synergies;
Digital Strategy;
Imitation;
Licensing;
Agility;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Joint Ventures;
Restructuring;
Communication Technology;
Blogs;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Business History;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Industry Growth;
Monopoly;
Media;
Distribution Channels;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Government Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Opportunities;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Search Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Value Creation;
Emerging Markets;
Product Development;
Segmentation;
Business Units;
Communication;
Profit;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
China;
Canton (province, China)
- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Amazon.com, 2016
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 716-402.
On January 28, 2016, Amazon announced record 2015 operating profits of $2.2 billion on $107 billion of sales, and the markets responded with cautious optimism. For years, founder and CEO Jeffrey Bezos had prioritized growth and...
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Keywords:
Strategic Analysis;
Retail;
E-commerce;
Amazon;
Amazon.com;
AmazonFresh;
Jeff Bezos;
Cloud Computing;
Marketplaces;
Streaming;
E-reader Market;
Digital Media;
Mobile App;
Online Retail;
Shipping;
Database;
Tablet;
Kindle;
Kindle Fire;
Smartphone;
Delivery;
Market Platforms;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Competition;
Internet;
Corporate Strategy;
Online Advertising;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Television Entertainment;
Profit;
Revenue;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Taxation;
Business History;
Human Resources;
Resignation and Termination;
Books;
Human Capital;
Working Conditions;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices and Processes;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Media;
Distribution;
Distribution Channels;
Order Taking and Fulfillment;
Infrastructure;
Logistics;
Product Development;
Supply Chain;
Supply Chain Management;
Organizational Culture;
Public Ownership;
Work-Life Balance;
Problems and Challenges;
Labor and Management Relations;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Competitive Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Integration;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Hardware;
Information Technology;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Price;
Software;
Marketing;
Marketing Strategy;
Working Capital;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customer Value and Value Chain;
Retail Industry;
Advertising Industry;
Distribution Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Manufacturing Industry;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Publishing Industry;
Shipping Industry;
Technology Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
United States;
Washington (state, US);
Seattle
- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Reinventing Best Buy
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 716-455.
On March 1, 2017, Best Buy Company, Inc., North America’s largest retailer of consumer electronics and appliances, announced a third year of comparable-store sales increases and a 20.8% increase in domestic comparable online sales....
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Keywords:
Best Buy;
Hubert Joly;
Renew Blue;
Showrooming;
Webrooming;
E-commerce;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Online Retail;
Multichannel Retailing;
Omnichannel;
Marketplaces;
Turnaround;
Consumer Electronics;
Consumer Electronics Accessories;
Appliances;
Stores-within-stores;
Store Experience;
Store Size;
Store Pickup;
Store Management;
Delivery;
Delivery Models;
Amazon;
Amazon.com;
Pricing Strategy;
Business Subsidiaries;
Business Units;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
For-Profit Firms;
Customer Focus and Relationships;
Customer Satisfaction;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Television Entertainment;
Theater Entertainment;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Business History;
Cost;
Selection and Staffing;
Reports;
Technological Innovation;
Job Cuts and Outsourcing;
Human Capital;
Leading Change;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Management Teams;
Brands and Branding;
Product Marketing;
Consumer Behavior;
Demand and Consumers;
Media;
Distribution;
Order Taking and Fulfillment;
Distribution Channels;
Infrastructure;
Product;
Service Delivery;
Service Operations;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Public Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Programs;
Groups and Teams;
Sales;
Salesforce Management;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Expansion;
Technology;
Hardware;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Search Technology;
Software;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Resource Allocation;
Computer Industry;
Electronics Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Retail Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
Minnesota;
Minneapolis;
Saint Paul;
St. Paul