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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States
By: Marcella Alsan, Amitabh Chandra and Kosali I. Simon
We measure inequities from the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and hospitalizations in the United States during the early months of the outbreak. We discuss challenges in measuring health outcomes and health inequality, some of which are specific to COVID-19 and others...  View Details
Keywords: COVID-19; Health Inequality; Health Pandemics; Demographics; Equality and Inequality
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing
By: Amitabh Chandra, Evan Flack and Ziad Obermeyer
We use the design of Medicare’s prescription drug benefit program to demonstrate three facts about the health consequences of cost-sharing. First, we show that an as-if-random increase of 33.6% in out-of-pocket price (11.0 percentage points (p.p.) change in...  View Details
Keywords: Cost-sharing; Impact; Health Care and Treatment; Insurance; Health; Consumer Behavior
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?
By: Tom Nicholas
Do white collar workers with lower social status in the occupational hierarchy die younger? The influential Whitehall studies of British civil servants identified a strong inverse relationship between employment rank and mortality, but we do not know if this effect...  View Details
Keywords: Mortality; Status; Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health
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  • Article

Physician–patient Racial Concordance and Disparities in Birthing Mortality for Newborns
By: Brad N. Greenwood, Rachel R. Hardeman, Laura Huang and Aaron Sojourner
Recent work has emphasized the benefits of patient–physician concordance on clinical care outcomes for underrepresented minorities, arguing it can ameliorate outgroup biases, boost communication, and increase trust. We explore concordance in a setting where racial...  View Details
Keywords: Racial Bias; Birthing Outcomes; Concordance; Mortality; Health Care and Treatment; Race
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  • August 2020
  • Article

Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach
By: Eric Kim, A.V. Whillans, Matt Lee, Ying Chen and Tyler VanderWeele
Background: Growing evidence documents strong associations between volunteering and favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated whether changes in volunteering are associated with subsequent health and well-being...  View Details
Keywords: Volunteering; Prosocial Behavior; Well-being; Behavior; Health; Welfare
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  • July 2020
  • Article

Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare
By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
We investigate the link between hospital performance and managerial education by collecting a large database of management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities offering both medical education...  View Details
Keywords: Management; Hospitals; Mortality; Education; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Improvement; Business Education; Management Practices and Processes
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  • 2020
  • Working Paper

Spreading the Health: Americans' Estimated and Ideal Distributions of Death and Health(care)
By: Sorapop Kiatpongsan and Michael I. Norton
The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act intensified debates over the role of government in the distribution of healthcare. A nationally-representative sample of Americans reported their estimated and ideal distributions of healthcare (unmet need for...  View Details
Keywords: Healthcare; Mortality; Inequality; Justice; Equity; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Equality and Inequality; Fairness; Public Opinion; United States
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  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?
By: Tom Nicholas
Do white collar workers with lower social status in the occupational hierarchy die younger? The influential Whitehall studies of British civil servants identified a strong inverse relationship between employment rank and mortality. Using personnel files, census data...  View Details
Keywords: Mortality; Status; Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health; Employees; Status and Position; Health
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  • January 2, 2020
  • Article

Changes in Quality of Care After Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions
By: Nancy Dean Beaulieu, Leemore S. Dafny, B. E. Landon, Jesse Dalton, Ifedayo Kuye and J. Michael McWilliams
Background: The hospital industry has consolidated substantially during the past two decades and at an accelerated pace since 2010. Multiple studies have shown that hospital mergers have led to higher prices for commercially insured patients, but research about effects...  View Details
Keywords: Hospitals; Mergers and Acquisitions; Health Care and Treatment; Quality
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  • January 2020
  • Article

The Market Reacts Quickly: Changes in Paclitaxel Vascular Device Purchasing Within the Ascension Healthcare System
By: Peter P. Monteleone, Subhash Banerjee, Priya Kothapalli, Ariel Dora Stern, Daniel Fehder, Ron Ginor, Dominic Vollmar, Edward T. A. Fry and Mark J. Pirwitz
Background. A meta-analysis of trials in endovascular therapy suggested an increased mortality associated with treatment exposure to paclitaxel. Multiple publications and corrections of prior data were performed, and the United States Food and Drug Administration has...  View Details
Keywords: Medical Devices; Health Testing and Trials; Analysis; Sales
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  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Throwing the Baby Out with the Drinking Water: Unintended Consequences of Arsenic Mitigation Efforts in Bangladesh
By: Nina Buchmann, Erica Field, Rachel Glennerster and Reshmaan Hussam
The 1994 discovery of arsenic in ground water in Bangladesh prompted a massive public health effort to test all tubewells in the country and convince nearly one-quarter of the population to switch to arsenic-free drinking water sources. According to numerous sources,...  View Details
Keywords: Child Mortality; Arsenic; Unintended Consequences; Health Disorders; Safety; Outcome or Result; Bangladesh
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  • August 21, 2018
  • Article

Patient–Physician Gender Concordance and Increased Mortality Among Female Heart Attack Patients
By: Brad Greenwood, Seth Carnahan and Laura Huang
We examine patient gender disparities in survival rates following acute myocardial infarctions (i.e., heart attacks) based on the gender of the treating physician. Using a census of heart attack patients admitted to Florida hospitals between 1991 and 2010, we find...  View Details
Keywords: Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Gender; Outcome or Result
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  • November 2017
  • Article

A Retrospective Analysis of Hypertension Screening at a Mass Gathering in India: Implications for Non-communicable Disease Control Strategies
By: S. Balsari, P. Vemulapalli, M. Gofine, K. Oswal, R. Merchant, S. Saunik, G. Greenough and T. Khanna
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCD) in India. The government’s National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke seeks to increase capacity building, screening,...  View Details
Keywords: Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Problems and Challenges; India
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  • 2017
  • Working Paper

Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare
By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun, Renata Lemos and John Van Reenen
We investigate the link between hospital performance and managerial education by collecting a large database of management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities offering both medical education...  View Details
Keywords: Hospitals; Mortality; Management; Education; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Improvement; Business Education; Management Practices and Processes
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  • Article

The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
Even though epidemiological evidence links specific workplace stressors to health outcomes, the aggregate contribution of these factors to overall mortality and health spending in the United States is not known. In this paper, we build a model to estimate the excess...  View Details
Keywords: Occupational Health; Health Costs; Mortality; Applied Optimization; Health
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  • December 2015
  • Article

Task Shifting in Surgery: Lessons from an Indian Heart Hospital
By: Budhaditya Gupta, Robert S. Huckman and Tarun Khanna
We present a case study that illustrates task shifting, the transfer of activities from senior to junior colleagues, in the context of cardiac surgery at the Narayana Health City Cardiac Hospital (NH) in India. The case discusses the factors driving the adoption of...  View Details
Keywords: Service Delivery; Rank and Position; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; India
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  • Article

Exposure to Harmful Workplace Practices Could Account for Inequality in Life Spans Across Different Demographic Groups
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
The existence of important socioeconomic disparities in health and mortality is a well-established fact. Many pathways have been adduced to explain inequality in life spans. In this article we examine one factor that has been somewhat neglected: people with different...  View Details
Keywords: Occupational Health; Inequality; Life Expectancy; Socioeconomic Issues; Health
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  • 2016
  • Working Paper

Cohort Turnover and Operational Performance: The July Phenomenon in Teaching Hospitals
By: Hummy Song, Robert S. Huckman and Jason R. Barro
We consider the impact of cohort turnover—the planned simultaneous exit of a large number of experienced employees and a similarly sized entry of new workers—on operational performance in the context of teaching hospitals. Specifically, we examine the impact of the...  View Details
Keywords: Health Care; Health Care Operations; Hospitals; Productivity; Empirical Operations; Service Delivery; Training; Performance Productivity; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry; United States
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  • Article

Workplace Stressors & Health Outcomes: Health Policy for the Workplace
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
Extensive research focuses on the causes of workplace-induced stress. However, policy efforts to tackle the ever-increasing health costs and poor health outcomes in the United States have largely ignored the health effects of psychosocial workplace stressors such as...  View Details
Keywords: Occupational Health; Mortality; Stress; Meta-analysis; Health
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  • Fall 2014
  • Article

Seesaws and Social Security Benefits Indexing
By: Matthew Weinzierl
The price indexation of Social Security benefit payments has emerged in recent years as a flashpoint of debate in the United States. I characterize the direct effects that changes in that price index would have on retirees who differ in their initial wealth at...  View Details
Keywords: Retirement; Compensation and Benefits; United States
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