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- 2022
- Working Paper
Causal Inference During A Pandemic: Evidence on the Effectiveness of Nebulized Ibuprofen as an Unproven Treatment for COVID-19 in Argentina
By: Sebastian Calonico, Rafael Di Tella and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle
Many medical decisions during the pandemic were made without the support of causal evidence obtained in clinical trials. We study the case of nebulized ibuprofen (NaIHS), a drug that was extensively used on COVID-19 patients in Argentina amidst wild claims about its...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Drug Treatment;
Health Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Decision Making;
Outcome or Result;
Argentina
Calonico, Sebastian, Rafael Di Tella, and Juan Cruz Lopez Del Valle. "Causal Inference During A Pandemic: Evidence on the Effectiveness of Nebulized Ibuprofen as an Unproven Treatment for COVID-19 in Argentina." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30084, May 2022.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States
By: Marcella Alsan, Amitabh Chandra and Kosali I. Simon
We measure inequities from the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and hospitalizations in the United States during the early months of the outbreak. We discuss challenges in measuring health outcomes and health inequality, some of which are specific to COVID-19 and others...
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Alsan, Marcella, Amitabh Chandra, and Kosali I. Simon. "The Great Unequalizer: Initial Health Effects of COVID-19 in the United States." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28958, June 2021.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing
By: Amitabh Chandra, Evan Flack and Ziad Obermeyer
We use the design of Medicare’s prescription drug benefit program to demonstrate three facts about the health consequences of cost-sharing. First, we show that an as-if-random increase of 33.6% in out-of-pocket price (11.0 percentage points (p.p.) change in...
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Chandra, Amitabh, Evan Flack, and Ziad Obermeyer. "The Health Costs of Cost-Sharing." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28439, February 2021.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?
By: Tom Nicholas
Do white collar workers with lower social status in the occupational hierarchy die younger? The influential Whitehall studies of British civil servants identified a strong inverse relationship between employment rank and mortality, but we do not know if this effect...
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Nicholas, Tom. "Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-080, January 2021.
- Article
Physician–patient Racial Concordance and Disparities in Birthing Mortality for Newborns
By: Brad N. Greenwood, Rachel R. Hardeman, Laura Huang and Aaron Sojourner
Recent work has emphasized the benefits of patient–physician concordance on clinical care outcomes for underrepresented minorities, arguing it can ameliorate outgroup biases, boost communication, and increase trust. We explore concordance in a setting where racial...
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Greenwood, Brad N., Rachel R. Hardeman, Laura Huang, and Aaron Sojourner. "Physician–patient Racial Concordance and Disparities in Birthing Mortality for Newborns." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 35 (September 1, 2020): 21194–21200.
- August 2020
- Article
Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach
By: Eric Kim, A.V. Whillans, Matt Lee, Ying Chen and Tyler VanderWeele
Background: Growing evidence documents strong associations between volunteering and favorable health and well-being outcomes. However, epidemiological studies have not evaluated whether changes in volunteering are associated with subsequent health and well-being...
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Kim, Eric, A.V. Whillans, Matt Lee, Ying Chen, and Tyler VanderWeele. "Volunteering and Subsequent Health and Well-Being in Older Adults: An Outcome-Wide Longitudinal Approach." American Journal of Preventive Medicine 59, no. 2 (August 2020): 176–186.
- July 2020
- Article
Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare
By: Nicholas Bloom, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
We investigate the link between hospital performance and managerial education by collecting a large database of management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities offering both medical education...
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Keywords:
Management;
Hospitals;
Mortality;
Education;
Health Care and Treatment;
Performance Improvement;
Business Education;
Management Practices and Processes
Bloom, Nicholas, Renata Lemos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 3 (July 2020): 506–517.
- 2020
- Working Paper
Spreading the Health: Americans' Estimated and Ideal Distributions of Death and Health(care)
By: Sorapop Kiatpongsan and Michael I. Norton
The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act intensified debates over the role of government in the distribution of healthcare. A nationally-representative sample of Americans reported their estimated and ideal distributions of healthcare (unmet need for...
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Keywords:
Healthcare;
Mortality;
Inequality;
Justice;
Equity;
Health;
Health Care and Treatment;
Equality and Inequality;
Fairness;
Public Opinion;
United States
Kiatpongsan, Sorapop, and Michael I. Norton. "Spreading the Health: Americans' Estimated and Ideal Distributions of Death and Health(care)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-114, April 2020.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?
By: Tom Nicholas
The influential Whitehall studies found top-ranking civil servants in Britain experienced lower
mortality than civil servants below them in the organizational hierarchy. I test for a Whitehall
effect in the lifespan of a 1930 cohort of white collar employees at a...
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Keywords:
Mortality;
Status;
Socioeconomic Determinants Of Health;
Employees;
Status and Position;
Health
Nicholas, Tom. "Status and Mortality: Is There a Whitehall Effect in the United States?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-074, January 2020. (Revised June 2022.)
- January 2, 2020
- Article
Changes in Quality of Care After Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions
By: Nancy Dean Beaulieu, Leemore S. Dafny, B. E. Landon, Jesse Dalton, Ifedayo Kuye and J. Michael McWilliams
Background: The hospital industry has consolidated substantially during the past two decades and at an accelerated pace since 2010. Multiple studies have shown that hospital mergers have led to higher prices for commercially insured patients, but research about effects...
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Beaulieu, Nancy Dean, Leemore S. Dafny, B. E. Landon, Jesse Dalton, Ifedayo Kuye, and J. Michael McWilliams. "Changes in Quality of Care After Hospital Mergers and Acquisitions." New England Journal of Medicine 382, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 51–59.
- January 2020
- Article
The Market Reacts Quickly: Changes in Paclitaxel Vascular Device Purchasing Within the Ascension Healthcare System
By: Peter P. Monteleone, Subhash Banerjee, Priya Kothapalli, Ariel Dora Stern, Daniel Fehder, Ron Ginor, Dominic Vollmar, Edward T. A. Fry and Mark J. Pirwitz
Background. A meta-analysis of trials in endovascular therapy suggested an increased mortality associated with treatment exposure to paclitaxel. Multiple publications and corrections of prior data were performed, and the United States Food and Drug Administration has...
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Monteleone, Peter P., Subhash Banerjee, Priya Kothapalli, Ariel Dora Stern, Daniel Fehder, Ron Ginor, Dominic Vollmar, Edward T. A. Fry, and Mark J. Pirwitz. "The Market Reacts Quickly: Changes in Paclitaxel Vascular Device Purchasing Within the Ascension Healthcare System." Journal of Invasive Cardiology 32, no. 1 (January 2020).
- 2019
- Working Paper
Throwing the Baby Out with the Drinking Water: Unintended Consequences of Arsenic Mitigation Efforts in Bangladesh
By: Nina Buchmann, Erica Field, Rachel Glennerster and Reshmaan Hussam
The 1994 discovery of arsenic in ground water in Bangladesh prompted a massive public health effort to test all tubewells in the country and convince nearly one-quarter of the population to switch to arsenic-free drinking water sources. According to numerous sources,...
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Keywords:
Child Mortality;
Arsenic;
Unintended Consequences;
Health Disorders;
Safety;
Outcome or Result;
Bangladesh
Buchmann, Nina, Erica Field, Rachel Glennerster, and Reshmaan Hussam. "Throwing the Baby Out with the Drinking Water: Unintended Consequences of Arsenic Mitigation Efforts in Bangladesh." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25729, April 2019.
- August 21, 2018
- Article
Patient–Physician Gender Concordance and Increased Mortality Among Female Heart Attack Patients
By: Brad Greenwood, Seth Carnahan and Laura Huang
We examine patient gender disparities in survival rates following acute myocardial infarctions (i.e., heart attacks) based on the gender of the treating physician. Using a census of heart attack patients admitted to Florida hospitals between 1991 and 2010, we find...
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Greenwood, Brad, Seth Carnahan, and Laura Huang. "Patient–Physician Gender Concordance and Increased Mortality Among Female Heart Attack Patients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 34 (August 21, 2018).
- November 2017
- Article
A Retrospective Analysis of Hypertension Screening at a Mass Gathering in India: Implications for Non-communicable Disease Control Strategies
By: S. Balsari, P. Vemulapalli, M. Gofine, K. Oswal, R. Merchant, S. Saunik, G. Greenough and T. Khanna
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality from noncommunicable diseases (NCD) in India. The government’s National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases and Stroke seeks to increase capacity building, screening,...
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Balsari, S., P. Vemulapalli, M. Gofine, K. Oswal, R. Merchant, S. Saunik, G. Greenough, and T. Khanna. "A Retrospective Analysis of Hypertension Screening at a Mass Gathering in India: Implications for Non-communicable Disease Control Strategies." Journal of Human Hypertension 31, no. 11 (November 2017): 750–753.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare
By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun, Renata Lemos and John Van Reenen
We investigate the link between hospital performance and managerial education by collecting a large database of management practices and skills in hospitals across nine countries. We find that hospitals that are closer to universities offering both medical education...
View Details
Keywords:
Hospitals;
Mortality;
Management;
Education;
Health Care and Treatment;
Performance Improvement;
Business Education;
Management Practices and Processes
Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, Renata Lemos, and John Van Reenen. "Healthy Business? Managerial Education and Management in Healthcare." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-025, September 2017. (Revise and resubmit, Review of Economics and Statistics.)
- Article
The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
Even though epidemiological evidence links specific workplace stressors to health outcomes, the aggregate contribution of these factors to overall mortality and health spending in the United States is not known. In this paper, we build a model to estimate the excess...
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Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "The Relationship Between Workplace Stressors and Mortality and Health Costs in the United States." Management Science 62, no. 2 (February 2016): 608–628.
- December 2015
- Article
Task Shifting in Surgery: Lessons from an Indian Heart Hospital
By: Budhaditya Gupta, Robert S. Huckman and Tarun Khanna
We present a case study that illustrates task shifting, the transfer of activities from senior to junior colleagues, in the context of cardiac surgery at the Narayana Health City Cardiac Hospital (NH) in India. The case discusses the factors driving the adoption of...
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Gupta, Budhaditya, Robert S. Huckman, and Tarun Khanna. "Task Shifting in Surgery: Lessons from an Indian Heart Hospital." Healthcare: The Journal of Delivery Science and Innovation 3, no. 4 (December 2015): 245–250.
- Article
Exposure to Harmful Workplace Practices Could Account for Inequality in Life Spans Across Different Demographic Groups
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
The existence of important socioeconomic disparities in health and mortality is a well-established fact. Many pathways have been adduced to explain inequality in life spans. In this article we examine one factor that has been somewhat neglected: people with different...
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Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Exposure to Harmful Workplace Practices Could Account for Inequality in Life Spans Across Different Demographic Groups." Health Affairs 34, no. 10 (October 2015): 1761–1768.
- 2016
- Working Paper
Cohort Turnover and Operational Performance: The July Phenomenon in Teaching Hospitals
By: Hummy Song, Robert S. Huckman and Jason R. Barro
We consider the impact of cohort turnover—the planned simultaneous exit of a large number of experienced employees and a similarly sized entry of new workers—on operational performance in the context of teaching hospitals. Specifically, we examine the impact of the...
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Keywords:
Health Care;
Health Care Operations;
Hospitals;
Productivity;
Empirical Operations;
Service Delivery;
Training;
Performance Productivity;
Health Care and Treatment;
Health Industry;
United States
Song, Hummy, Robert S. Huckman, and Jason R. Barro. "Cohort Turnover and Operational Performance: The July Phenomenon in Teaching Hospitals." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-039, September 2015. (Revised September 2016. Finalist, 2015 POMS College of Healthcare Operations Management Best Paper Competition.)
- Article
Workplace Stressors & Health Outcomes: Health Policy for the Workplace
By: Joel Goh, Jeffrey Pfeffer and Stefanos A. Zenios
Extensive research focuses on the causes of workplace-induced stress. However, policy efforts to tackle the ever-increasing health costs and poor health outcomes in the United States have largely ignored the health effects of psychosocial workplace stressors such as...
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Goh, Joel, Jeffrey Pfeffer, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Workplace Stressors & Health Outcomes: Health Policy for the Workplace." Behavioral Science & Policy 1, no. 1 (Spring 2015): 43–52.