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      • Faculty Publications  (372)

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      • March 1, 2023
      • Editorial

      To Overcome Resistance to DEI, Understand What’s Driving It

      By: Eric Shuman, Eric Knowles and Amit Goldenberg
      Employees often resist DEI initiatives, which of course hinders their effectiveness. The authors — experts in the resistance to social-change efforts — write that the key to overcoming resistance to any effort is figuring out why people are resisting. When it comes to...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Conflict and Resolution; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Employees
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      Shuman, Eric, Eric Knowles, and Amit Goldenberg. "To Overcome Resistance to DEI, Understand What’s Driving It." Harvard Business Review (website) (March 1, 2023).
      • January 2023
      • Case

      Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant

      By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
      Brazil's Natura, a multi-brand cosmetics group, has taken several measures to safeguard the livelihoods of its thousands of employees and millions of sales representatives during the COVID-19 health and economic crisis. The company has also made strides in its efforts...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; ESG Reporting; Acquisition; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Global Strategy; Corporate Governance; Health Pandemics; Human Resources; Human Capital; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Distribution Channels; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Customer Ownership; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Science-Based Business; Reputation; Human Needs; Social Issues; Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Trelstad, Brian, Pedro Levindo, and Carla Larangeira. "Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant." Harvard Business School Case 323-065, January 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      'It Wouldn’t Have Mattered Anyway': When Overdetermined Outcomes Justify Our Sins

      By: Stephanie C. Lin, Julian J. Zlatev and Dale T. Miller
      We identify and document an “overdetermined outcome defense” which occurs when one learns that circumstances besides one’s own actions were sufficient to produce a negative effect (e.g., deciding not to go to the gym, but later discovering that the gym had been...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Decision Making; Outcome or Result; Behavior
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      Lin, Stephanie C., Julian J. Zlatev, and Dale T. Miller. "'It Wouldn’t Have Mattered Anyway': When Overdetermined Outcomes Justify Our Sins." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-045, January 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Public Perception and Autonomous Vehicle Liability

      By: Julian De Freitas, Xilin Zhou, Margherita Atzei, Shoshana Boardman and Luigi Di Lillo
      The deployment of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and the accompanying societal and economic benefits will greatly depend on how much liability AV firms will have to carry for accidents involving these vehicles, which in turn impacts their insurability and associated...  View Details
      Keywords: Autonomous Vehicles; Moral Judgment; Liabilities; Harm; Insurance; Moral Sensibility; Legal Liability; Risk and Uncertainty; Technological Innovation; Public Opinion
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      De Freitas, Julian, Xilin Zhou, Margherita Atzei, Shoshana Boardman, and Luigi Di Lillo. "Public Perception and Autonomous Vehicle Liability." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-036, January 2023. (Revised January 2023.)
      • December 2022 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Daniel Defense: Responding to the Shooting at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, TX

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      At 11:33am on May 24, 2022, an 18-year-old man from Uvalde, Texas walked into the Robb Elementary School carrying a semi-automatic "AR-15-style” rifle manufactured by Daniel Defense and killed 19 children and two adults. Three days later, Representative Carolyn Maloney...  View Details
      Keywords: Gun Violence; Gun Policy; Second Amendment; Legal Liability; Government Legislation; Marketing Strategy; Business or Company Management; Product Marketing; Ethics; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Moral Sensibility; Crime and Corruption; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Manufacturing Industry; Advertising Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "Daniel Defense: Responding to the Shooting at the Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, TX." Harvard Business School Case 323-058, December 2022. (Revised February 2023.)
      • 2022
      • Article

      The Ordinary Concept of a Meaningful Life: The Role of Subjective and Objective Factors in Third-Person Attributions of Meaning

      By: Michael Prinzing, Julian De Freitas and Barbara L. Fredrickson
      The desire for a meaningful life is ubiquitous, yet the ordinary concept of a meaningful life is poorly understood. Across six experiments (total N = 2,539), we investigated whether third-person attributions of meaning depend on the psychological states an agent...  View Details
      Keywords: Experimental Philosophy; Folk Theories; Meaning In Life; Moral Psychology; Positive Psychology; Moral Sensibility; Satisfaction
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      Prinzing, Michael, Julian De Freitas, and Barbara L. Fredrickson. "The Ordinary Concept of a Meaningful Life: The Role of Subjective and Objective Factors in Third-Person Attributions of Meaning." Journal of Positive Psychology 17, no. 5 (2022): 639–654.
      • October 2022
      • Article

      When Does Moral Engagement Risk Triggering a Hypocrite Penalty?

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Roseanna Sommers
      Society suffers when people stay silent on moral issues. Yet people who engage morally may appear hypocritical if they behave imperfectly themselves. Research reveals that hypocrites can—but do not always—trigger a “hypocrisy penalty,” whereby they are evaluated...  View Details
      Keywords: Hypocrite; Dishonesty; Social Issues; Moral Sensibility; Public Opinion; Perception
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Roseanna Sommers. "When Does Moral Engagement Risk Triggering a Hypocrite Penalty?" Art. 101404. Special Issue on Honesty and Deception edited by Maurice E. Schweitzer, Emma Levine. Current Opinion in Psychology 47 (October 2022).
      • September–October 2022
      • Article

      Seeking Purity, Avoiding Pollution: Strategies for Moral Career Building

      By: Erin Reid and Lakshmi Ramarajan
      This study builds theory on how people construct moral careers. Analyzing interviews with 102 journalists, we show how people build moral careers by seeking jobs that allow them to fulfill both the institution’s moral obligations and their own material aims. We...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Moral Sensibility
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      Reid, Erin, and Lakshmi Ramarajan. "Seeking Purity, Avoiding Pollution: Strategies for Moral Career Building." Organization Science 33, no. 5 (September–October 2022): 1909–1937.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Moral Thin-Slicing

      By: Julian De Freitas and Alon Hafri
      Given limits on time and attention, people increasingly make moral evaluations in a few seconds or less, yet it is unknown whether such snap judgments are accurate or not. On one hand, the literature suggests that people form fast moral impressions once they already...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Judgement; Thin Slices; Social Media; Fake News; Misinformation; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; News
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      De Freitas, Julian, and Alon Hafri. "Moral Thin-Slicing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-002, July 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good

      By: Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Max Bazerman
      In A Theory of Justice, John Rawls employed the ‘veil of Ignorance’ as a moral reasoning device designed to promote impartial thinking. By imagining the choices of decision-makers who are blind to biasing information, one might see more clearly the organizing...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Judgments; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making
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      Greene, Joshua D., Karen Huang, and Max Bazerman. "Redirecting Rawlsian Reasoning Toward the Greater Good." Chap. 15 in The Oxford Handbook of Moral Psychology, edited by Manuel Vargas and John M. Doris, 246–261. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • July 2022
      • Article

      When Alterations Are Violations: Moral Outrage and Punishment in Response to (Even Minor) Alterations to Rituals

      By: Daniel H. Stein, Juliana Schroeder, Nicholas M. Hobson, Francesca Gino and Michael I. Norton
      From Catholics performing the sign of the cross since the 4th century to Americans reciting the Pledge of Allegiance since the 1890s, group rituals (i.e., predefined sequences of symbolic actions) have strikingly consistent features over time. Seven studies (N = 4,213)...  View Details
      Keywords: Ritual; Morality; Groups; Norms; Commitment; Groups and Teams; Values and Beliefs; Change; Moral Sensibility; Behavior
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      Stein, Daniel H., Juliana Schroeder, Nicholas M. Hobson, Francesca Gino, and Michael I. Norton. "When Alterations Are Violations: Moral Outrage and Punishment in Response to (Even Minor) Alterations to Rituals." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 123, no. 1 (July 2022): 123–153.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Moral Deteriorations Sever Firm Identity

      By: Julian De Freitas, Zarema Khon, Pechthida Kim and Samuel G.B. Johnson
      Firms change over time. Which changes are so damaging that consumers believe the firm’s very identity ceases to exist? We explored this question using Twitter data and eight experiments involving nearly 3,000 subjects. Consumers judged that moral deteriorations were...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Identity; Morality; Brand Activism; Social Media; Business Ethics; Firm Stereotypes; Consumer Behavior; Public Opinion; Moral Sensibility; Brands and Branding; Government and Politics
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      De Freitas, Julian, Zarema Khon, Pechthida Kim, and Samuel G.B. Johnson. "Moral Deteriorations Sever Firm Identity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-077, June 2022.
      • April 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Conflicts of Interest at Uptown Bank

      By: Jonas Heese
      In 2013, two employees debated whether to blow the whistle on their employer, Bell Bank, after completing an internal review that revealed undisclosed conflicts of interest. Bell Bank’s Asset Management business disproportionately invested clients’ money in Bell Bank’s...  View Details
      Keywords: Whistleblower; Whistleblowing; Mutual Funds; Conflicts Of Interest; Decision Making; Decisions; Judgments; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Finance; Financial Institutions; Banks and Banking; Financial Management; Investment; Investment Funds; Governance; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governance Compliance; Governance Controls; Policy; Law; Legal Liability; Social Psychology; Motivation and Incentives; Perception; Perspective; Trust; Financial Services Industry; North and Central America; United States
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      Heese, Jonas. "Conflicts of Interest at Uptown Bank." Harvard Business School Case 122-022, April 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • Article

      Creating High-Impact Coalitions: CEOs Can Lead the Charge on Society’s Biggest Problems

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Tuna Cem Hayirli
      Traditionally, responses to crises and societal problems—the COVID-19 pandemic, natural disasters, racial inequities—are considered the responsibility of the public sector and NGOs. But addressing the world’s most critical problems requires leadership, resources, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Coalition; Change; Problem Solving; Organization; Boundaries; Evolution; Mission; Moral Leadership; Balance; "Solutions Approach; Society; Problems and Challenges; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Leading Change; Trust
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Tuna Cem Hayirli. "Creating High-Impact Coalitions: CEOs Can Lead the Charge on Society’s Biggest Problems." Harvard Business Review 100, no. 2 (March–April 2022).
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Firms, Morality, and the Search for a Better World

      By: Rebecca Henderson
      Book Abstract: Defining a just economy in a tenuous social-political time. If we can agree that our current social-political moment is tenuous and unsustainable—and indeed, that may be the only thing we can agree on right now—then how do markets, governments, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Social Issues
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      Henderson, Rebecca. "Firms, Morality, and the Search for a Better World." Chap. 7 in A Political Economy of Justice, edited by Danielle Allen, Yochai Benkler, Leah Downey, Rebecca Henderson, and Joshua Simons, 187–209. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      State-Formation, Statist Islam, and Regime Instability: Evidence from Turkey

      By: Kristin Fabbe
      Religion, and particularly the forces of political Islam and state secularism, have been central to discussions of regime stability in the Turkish case. Intense polarization, political instability, and military interventions have propelled Turkey into crisis about once...  View Details
      Keywords: Ottoman Empire; Regime; State Secularism; Political Islam; Democracy; Autocracy; Religion; Government and Politics; Turkey
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      Fabbe, Kristin. "State-Formation, Statist Islam, and Regime Instability: Evidence from Turkey." In The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies, edited by Melani Cammett and Pauline Jones. New York: Oxford University Press, 2022.
      • 2022
      • White Paper

      Building from the Bottom Up: What Business Can Do to Strengthen the Bottom Line by Investing in Front-line Workers

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Manjari Raman
      A significant number of American workers—44%—are employed in low wage jobs at the front line of industries. Despite undertaking some of the most tedious, dirtiest, and most dangerous jobs, low-wage workers are—and have long been—the most likely to be overlooked by...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Labor Market; Low-wage Workers; Worker Welfare; Churn/retention; Morale; Jobs and Positions; Employees; Wages; Retention; Well-being; Human Resources
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Manjari Raman. "Building from the Bottom Up: What Business Can Do to Strengthen the Bottom Line by Investing in Front-line Workers." White Paper, Harvard Business School, January 2022.
      • December 2021
      • Case

      Slice Labs: Creating a Fraud-free Online Insurance Platform

      By: Amit Goldenberg, Max Bazerman and Ruth Page
      "Slice Labs: Creating a Fraud-Free Online Insurance Platform" engages students with the challenge of how to influence other parties to not engage in fraud in the context of digital insurance. The case is centered around Slice, a digital insurance company that was...  View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Insurance; Digitization; Honesty; Negotiation; Fraud; Ethics; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Tactics; Negotiation Types; Social Psychology; Conflict and Resolution; Trust; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Crime and Corruption; Insurance Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Canada
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      Goldenberg, Amit, Max Bazerman, and Ruth Page. "Slice Labs: Creating a Fraud-free Online Insurance Platform." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 921-712, December 2021.
      • Article

      The Emergence of Mafia-like Business Systems in China

      By: Meg Rithmire and Hao Chen
      A large body of literature on state–business relations in China has examined the political role of capitalists and collusion between the state and the private sector. This paper contributes to that literature and understanding of the internal differentiation among...  View Details
      Keywords: China's Political Economy; State-business Relations; Business Groups; Financial System; Business and Government Relations; Finance; Economic Systems; China
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Hao Chen. "The Emergence of Mafia-like Business Systems in China." China Quarterly 248 (December 2021): 1037–1058.
      • October 15, 2021
      • Article

      Virtuous Victims

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Maryam Kouchaki
      How do people perceive the moral character of victims? We find, across a range of transgressions, that people frequently see victims of wrongdoing as more moral than non-victims who have behaved identically. Across 15 experiments (total n = 9,355), we document this...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Judgment; Restorative Justice; Punishment; Compensation; Person Perception; Moral Sensibility; Judgments; Perception
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Maryam Kouchaki. "Virtuous Victims." Science Advances 7, no. 42 (October 15, 2021).
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