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  • All HBS Web  (70)
    • Faculty Publications  (20)

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    • All HBS Web  (70)
      • Faculty Publications  (20)

      Moral Cognition Remove Moral Cognition →

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      • September–October 2020
      • Article

      A New Model for Ethical Leadership

      By: Max Bazerman
      Rather than try to follow a set of simple rules (“Don’t lie.” “Don’t cheat.”), leaders and managers seeking to be more ethical should focus on creating the most value for society. This utilitarian view, Bazerman argues, blends philosophical thought with business school...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Value; Leadership; Moral Sensibility; Ethics; Decision Making; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Society
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      Bazerman, Max. "A New Model for Ethical Leadership." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 5 (September–October 2020): 90–97.
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Waiting to Inhale: Reducing Stigma in the Medical Cannabis Industry

      By: Kisha Lashley and Timothy G. Pollock
      When a new industry category is predicated on a product or activity subject to ‘‘core’’ stigma—meaning its very nature is stigmatized—the actors trying to establish it may struggle to gain the resources they need to survive and grow. To explain the process of reducing...  View Details
      Keywords: Stigma; Cannabis Industry; Deviance; Public Opinion; Moral Sensibility; Health Care and Treatment
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      Lashley, Kisha, and Timothy G. Pollock. "Waiting to Inhale: Reducing Stigma in the Medical Cannabis Industry." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 2 (June 2020): 434–482.
      • 2020
      • Article

      The Upside to Feeling Worse Than Average (WTA): A Conceptual Framework to Understand When, How, and for Whom Worse-Than-Average Beliefs Have Long-Term Benefits

      By: Ashley V. Whillans, Frances Chen and Alex Jordan
      Our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are shaped in critical ways by our beliefs about how we compare to other people. Past research has predominantly focused on the consequences of believing oneself to be better than average (BTA). Research on the consequences of...  View Details
      Keywords: Worse Than Average; Better Than Average; Social Cognition; Self-perception; Social Comparisons; Identity; Perception; Personal Characteristics
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      Whillans, Ashley V., Frances Chen, and Alex Jordan. "The Upside to Feeling Worse Than Average (WTA): A Conceptual Framework to Understand When, How, and for Whom Worse-Than-Average Beliefs Have Long-Term Benefits." Frontiers in Psychology 11, no. 642 (2020).
      • Article

      Consistent Belief in a Good True Self in Misanthropes and Three Interdependent Cultures

      By: Julian De Freitas, Hagop Sarkissian, George E. Newman, Igor Grossman, Felipe De Brigard, Andres Luco and Joshua Knobe
      People sometimes explain behavior by appealing to an essentialist concept of the self, often referred to as the true self. Existing studies suggest that people tend to believe that the true self is morally virtuous; that is deep inside, every person is motivated to...  View Details
      Keywords: Concepts; Social Cognition; Moral Reasoning; True Self; Culture; Misanthropy; Behavior; Values and Beliefs; Moral Sensibility
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      De Freitas, Julian, Hagop Sarkissian, George E. Newman, Igor Grossman, Felipe De Brigard, Andres Luco, and Joshua Knobe. "Consistent Belief in a Good True Self in Misanthropes and Three Interdependent Cultures." Cognitive Science 42, no. S1 (2018): 134–160.
      • Article

      Is the Moral Domain Unique?: A Social Influence Perspective for the Study of Moral Cognition

      By: J. Lees and F. Gino
      The nature of the cognitive processes that give rise to moral judgment and behavior has been a central question of psychology for decades. In this paper, we suggest that an often ignored yet fruitful stream of research for informing current debates on the nature of...  View Details
      Keywords: Cognition and Thinking; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Social Psychology
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      Lees, J., and F. Gino. "Is the Moral Domain Unique? A Social Influence Perspective for the Study of Moral Cognition." Social and Personality Psychology Compass 11, no. 8 (August 2017).
      • Article

      Kill or Die: Moral Judgment Alters Linguistic Coding of Causality

      By: Julian De Freitas, Peter DiScioli, Jason Nemirow, Maxim Massenkoff and Steven Pinker
      What is the relationship between the language people use to describe an event and their moral judgments? We test the hypothesis that moral judgment and causative verbs rely on the same underlying mental model of people’s actions. Experiment 1a finds that participants...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Cognition; Moral Psychology; Causative Verbs; Trolley Problem; Argument Structure; Moral Sensibility; Judgments
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      De Freitas, Julian, Peter DiScioli, Jason Nemirow, Maxim Massenkoff, and Steven Pinker. "Kill or Die: Moral Judgment Alters Linguistic Coding of Causality." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 43, no. 8 (August 2017): 1173–1182.
      • January 2017
      • Article

      The Dark Side of Going Abroad: How Broad Foreign Experiences Increase Immoral Behavior

      By: Jackson G. Lu, Jordi Quoidbach, F. Gino, Alek Chakroff, William W. Maddux and Adam D. Galinsky
      Due to the unprecedented pace of globalization, foreign experiences are increasingly common and valued. Past research has focused on the benefits of foreign experiences, including enhanced creativity and reduced intergroup bias. In contrast, the present work uncovers a...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Globalization; Behavior
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      Lu, Jackson G., Jordi Quoidbach, F. Gino, Alek Chakroff, William W. Maddux, and Adam D. Galinsky. "The Dark Side of Going Abroad: How Broad Foreign Experiences Increase Immoral Behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 112, no. 1 (January 2017): 1–16.
      • 2017
      • Article

      True Happiness: The Role of Morality in the Concept of Happiness

      By: Jonathan Phillips, Julian De Freitas, Christian Mott, June Gruber and Joshua Knobe
      Recent scientific research has settled on a purely descriptive definition of happiness that is focused solely on agents' psychological states (high positive affect, low negative affect, high life satisfaction). In contrast to this understanding, recent research has...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Cognition; Happiness; Moral Sensibility; Emotions; Well-being
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      Phillips, Jonathan, Julian De Freitas, Christian Mott, June Gruber, and Joshua Knobe. "True Happiness: The Role of Morality in the Concept of Happiness." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 146, no. 2 (2017): 165–181.
      • August 2, 2016
      • Article

      Uncalculating Cooperation Is Used to Signal Trustworthiness

      By: Jillian J. Jordan, Moshe Hoffman, Martin A. Nowak and David G. Rand
      Humans frequently cooperate without carefully weighing the costs and benefits. As a result, people may wind up cooperating when it is not worthwhile to do so. Why risk making costly mistakes? Here, we present experimental evidence that reputation concerns provide an...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Evaluation; Experimental Economics; Moral Psychology; Cooperation; Reputation; Decision Making
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      Jordan, Jillian J., Moshe Hoffman, Martin A. Nowak, and David G. Rand. "Uncalculating Cooperation Is Used to Signal Trustworthiness." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 31 (August 2, 2016): 8658–8663.
      • 2016
      • Panel Discussion

      Mutual Constraints in Moral Cognition and Language

      By: J. De Freitas, P. DeScioli, J. Nemirow, M. Massenkof and S. Pinker
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      De Freitas, J., P. DeScioli, J. Nemirow, M. Massenkof, and S. Pinker. "Mutual Constraints in Moral Cognition and Language." International Conference on Thinking, Providence, RI, 2016.
      • 2015
      • Article

      Beliefs About the True Self Explain Asymmetries Based on Moral Judgment

      By: George E. Newman, Julian De Freitas and Joshua Knobe
      Past research has identified a number of asymmetries based on moral judgments. Beliefs about (a) what a person values, (b) whether a person is happy, (c) whether a person has shown weakness of will, and (d) whether a person deserves praise or blame seem to depend...  View Details
      Keywords: Concepts; Social Cognition; Moral Reasoning; True Self; Values; Weakness Of Will; Blame; Values and Beliefs; Identity; Moral Sensibility; Happiness
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      Newman, George E., Julian De Freitas, and Joshua Knobe. "Beliefs About the True Self Explain Asymmetries Based on Moral Judgment." Cognitive Science 39, no. 1 (2015): 96–125.
      • 2015
      • Article

      Approach, Ability, Aftermath: A Psychological Framework of Unethical Behavior at Work

      By: C. Moore and F. Gino
      Many of the scandalous organizational practices that have come to light in the last decade—rigging LIBOR, misselling payment protection insurance, rampant Wall Street insider trading, large-scale bribery of foreign officials, and the packaging and sale of toxic...  View Details
      Keywords: Working Conditions; Ethics; Decision Making
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      Moore, C., and F. Gino. "Approach, Ability, Aftermath: A Psychological Framework of Unethical Behavior at Work." Academy of Management Annals 9 (2015): 235–289.
      • 2013
      • Article

      Ethically Adrift: How Others Pull Our Moral Compass from True North, and How we Can Fix It

      By: C. Moore and F. Gino
      This chapter is about the social nature of morality. Using the metaphor of the moral compass to describe individuals' inner sense of right and wrong, we offer a framework to help us understand social reasons why our moral compass can come under others' control, leading...  View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Moral Sensibility; Behavior
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      Moore, C., and F. Gino. "Ethically Adrift: How Others Pull Our Moral Compass from True North, and How we Can Fix It." Research in Organizational Behavior 33 (2013): 53–77.
      • May 2013
      • Article

      Sweatshop Labor Is Wrong Unless the Shoes Are Cute: Cognition Can Both Hurt and Help Motivated Moral Reasoning

      By: Neeru Paharia, Kathleen Vohs and Rohit Deshpandé
      The present research investigated the dual role of cognition as either an enabler of moral reasoning or self-interested motivated reasoning for endorsing sweatshop labor. Experiment 1A showed motivated reasoning: participants were more likely to endorse the use of...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Motivation and Incentives; Working Conditions; Cognition and Thinking
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      Paharia, Neeru, Kathleen Vohs, and Rohit Deshpandé. "Sweatshop Labor Is Wrong Unless the Shoes Are Cute: Cognition Can Both Hurt and Help Motivated Moral Reasoning." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 121, no. 1 (May 2013): 81–88.
      • Article

      The Pot Calling the Kettle Black: Distancing Response to Ethical Dissonance

      By: R. Barkan, S. Ayal, F. Gino and D. Ariely
      Six studies demonstrate the "pot calling the kettle black" phenomenon whereby people are guilty of the very fault they identify in others. Recalling an undeniable ethical failure, people experience ethical dissonance between their moral values and their behavioral...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethical Dissonance; Cognitive Dissonance; Moral Judgment; Impression Management; Unethical Behavior; Values and Beliefs; Moral Sensibility; Cognition and Thinking; Research; Behavior; Judgments
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      Barkan, R., S. Ayal, F. Gino, and D. Ariely. "The Pot Calling the Kettle Black: Distancing Response to Ethical Dissonance." Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 141, no. 4 (November 2012): 757–773.
      • April 2011
      • Article

      Ethical Breakdowns: Good People often Let Bad Things Happen. Why?

      By: Max H. Bazerman and Ann E. Tenbrunsel
      Companies are spending a great deal of time and money to install codes of ethics, ethics training, compliance programs, and in-house watchdogs. If these efforts worked, the money would be well spent. But unethical behavior appears to be on the rise. The authors observe...  View Details
      Keywords: Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Leadership; Behavior; Conflict of Interests
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      Bazerman, Max H., and Ann E. Tenbrunsel. "Ethical Breakdowns: Good People often Let Bad Things Happen. Why?" Harvard Business Review 89, no. 4 (April 2011).
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      In Favor of Clear Thinking: Incorporating Moral Rules into a Wise Cost-benefit Analysis

      By: Max H. Bazerman and Joshua D. Greene
      Bennis, Medin, and Bartels (2009) have contributed an interesting paper on the comparative benefit of moral rules versus cost-benefit analysis. Many of their specific comments are accurate, useful, and insightful. At the same time, we believe they have misrepresented...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Moral Sensibility; Cognition and Thinking
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      Bazerman, Max H., and Joshua D. Greene. "In Favor of Clear Thinking: Incorporating Moral Rules into a Wise Cost-benefit Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-001, July 2009.
      • February 2007 (Revised March 2007)
      • Module Note

      The Sweet Hereafter Summary: Reasoning from Personal Perspective

      By: Sandra J. Sucher
      A summary of the major themes discussed in the sixth class of The Moral Leader (EC curriculum).  View Details
      Keywords: Perspective; Cognition and Thinking
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      Sucher, Sandra J. "The Sweet Hereafter Summary: Reasoning from Personal Perspective." Harvard Business School Module Note 607-070, February 2007. (Revised March 2007.)
      • November 2004 (Revised April 2010)
      • Module Note

      Module II: Moral Reasoning Class Summaries

      By: Sandra J. Sucher
      Presents class summaries for the The Moral Leader course.  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Moral Sensibility; Leadership; Cognition and Thinking
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      Sucher, Sandra J. "Module II: Moral Reasoning Class Summaries." Harvard Business School Module Note 605-046, November 2004. (Revised April 2010.)
      • October 1996
      • Article

      Moral Thinking in Management: An Essential Capability

      By: L. S. Paine
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Cognition and Thinking; Management
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      Paine, L. S. "Moral Thinking in Management: An Essential Capability." Business Ethics Quarterly 6, no. 4 (October 1996): 477–492. (Reprinted in Ethics in Practice, edited by Deborah Rhode. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.)
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