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      • Faculty Publications  (37)

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      • March 2023
      • Article

      Giving-by-proxy Triggers Subsequent Charitable Behavior

      By: Samantha Kassirer, Jillian J. Jordan and Maryam Kouchaki
      How can we foster habits of charitable giving? Here, we investigate the potential power of giving-by-proxy experiences, drawing inspiration from a growing trend in marketing and corporate social responsibility contexts in which organizations make charitable...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Behavior
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      Kassirer, Samantha, Jillian J. Jordan, and Maryam Kouchaki. "Giving-by-proxy Triggers Subsequent Charitable Behavior." Art. 104438. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 105 (March 2023).
      • Article

      Small States in an Age of Empires: The Duchy of Parma's Colonial Moment, 1750–1770

      By: Arnaud Orain and Sophus A. Reinert
      Often thought of as the "Athens of Italy" during the Enlightenment, and as a microcosm of the Italian peninsula and of the eighteenth century alike, the Duchy of Parma played a unique role in the culture and politics of the age. This essay focuses on its "colonial...  View Details
      Keywords: Duchy Of Parma; French Empire; Internal Colonization; Enlightenment; Political Economy; Small States In World Markets; Guillaume Dutillot; Étienne-François De Choiseul
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      Orain, Arnaud, and Sophus A. Reinert. "Small States in an Age of Empires: The Duchy of Parma's Colonial Moment, 1750–1770." Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics 3, no. 1 (Winter 2022): 57–105.
      • October 2020
      • Case

      HOPE and Transformational Lending: Netflix Invests in Black Led Banks

      By: John D. Macomber and Janice Broome Brooks
      Following the killing of George Floyd on Memorial Day in 2020, the large US corporation Netflix elected to make a "transformational deposit" of $10 million into Hope Credit Union (HCU), a small Black led community development finance institution (CDFI) based in...  View Details
      Keywords: Banking; Rural Entrepreneurship; Economic Development; Black Entrepreneurs; Economic Growth; Credit; Banks and Banking; Entrepreneurship; Rural Scope; Development Economics; Race; Investment; Decision Making; Banking Industry
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      Macomber, John D., and Janice Broome Brooks. "HOPE and Transformational Lending: Netflix Invests in Black Led Banks." Harvard Business School Case 221-030, October 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 4 The Mirroring Hypothesis: Linkages Inside and Across Transaction Free Zones

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      A technology is a specific way to achieve a material goal. It describes a feasible path—a recipe—by which a group of people can arrive at a goal that none could achieve individually. Technical recipes thus require linkages between and among the various contributors to...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Mirroring Hypothesis; Information Technology; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 4 The Mirroring Hypothesis: Linkages Inside and Across Transaction Free Zones." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-032, August 2020.
      • August 2020
      • Supplement

      Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (B)

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Amy Hernandez Turcios
      Mary Guerrero decided to pursue the challenging road and kicked off Hispanic/Latinx Advancement and Career Engagement (HACE) at her Bulge Bracket Bank (BBB). For Mary, her larger purpose was to advance Latinx talent in the U.S. because she believed it was important for...  View Details
      Keywords: Latin America; Career; Engagement; Bank; Inclusion; Scale; Latinx; Talent and Talent Management; Diversity; Ethnicity; Leadership; Personal Development and Career; Leadership Development; Banks and Banking
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Amy Hernandez Turcios. "Mary Guerrero and the Advancement of Latinx Talent: Developing an Employee Resource Group at a Top Tier Bank (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 321-018, August 2020.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Unleashed: The Unapologetic Leader's Guide to Empowering Everyone Around You

      By: Frances X. Frei and Anne Morriss
      When leaders and aspiring leaders seek out advice, they're often told to try harder. Dig deeper. Look in the mirror and own your natural-born strengths and fix any real or perceived career-limiting deficiencies.

      We offer a different worldview. We argue...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership Skills; Belonging; Leadership; Management Skills; Trust; Organizational Culture
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      Frei, Frances X., and Anne Morriss. Unleashed: The Unapologetic Leader's Guide to Empowering Everyone Around You. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
      • Working Paper

      Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S.

      By: Pragya Kakani, Michael Chernew and Amitabh Chandra
      Rising list prices are often used to illustrate the burden of prescription drug spending, but payers routinely negotiate rebates from manufacturers that generate differences between list and net prices. List prices are easily available and affect patient cost-sharing,...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Rebates; Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Price; Analysis; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Kakani, Pragya, Michael Chernew, and Amitabh Chandra. "Rebates in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Medicines Sold in Retail Pharmacies in the U.S." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26846, March 2020.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Biased Beliefs About Random Samples: Evidence from Two Integrated Experiments

      By: Daniel J. Benjamin, Don A. Moore and Matthew Rabin
      This paper describes results of a pair of incentivized experiments on biases in judgments about random samples. Consistent with the Law of Small Numbers (LSN), participants exaggerated the likelihood that short sequences and random subsets of coin flips would be...  View Details
      Keywords: Probability; Economic Theory; Analysis; Incentives
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      Benjamin, Daniel J., Don A. Moore, and Matthew Rabin. "Biased Beliefs About Random Samples: Evidence from Two Integrated Experiments." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 23927, October 2017.
      • Article

      Kill or Die: Moral Judgment Alters Linguistic Coding of Causality

      By: Julian De Freitas, Peter DiScioli, Jason Nemirow, Maxim Massenkoff and Steven Pinker
      What is the relationship between the language people use to describe an event and their moral judgments? We test the hypothesis that moral judgment and causative verbs rely on the same underlying mental model of people’s actions. Experiment 1a finds that participants...  View Details
      Keywords: Moral Cognition; Moral Psychology; Causative Verbs; Trolley Problem; Argument Structure; Moral Sensibility; Judgments
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      De Freitas, Julian, Peter DiScioli, Jason Nemirow, Maxim Massenkoff, and Steven Pinker. "Kill or Die: Moral Judgment Alters Linguistic Coding of Causality." Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 43, no. 8 (August 2017): 1173–1182.
      • 2016
      • Article

      The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence, and Exceptions

      By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical dependencies in the work being performed. This article presents a unified picture of...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Mirroring Hypothesis; Organization Design; Conway's Law; Knowledge Boundaries; Relational Contracts; Open Source Software; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Boundaries; Knowledge Management; Applications and Software
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      Colfer, Lyra J., and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence, and Exceptions." Industrial and Corporate Change 25, no. 5 (2016): 709–738. (Lead Article.)
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions

      By: Lyra J. Colfer and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The mirroring hypothesis predicts that organizational ties within a project, firm, or group of firms (e.g., communication, collocation, employment) will correspond to the technical patterns of dependency in the work being performed. A thorough understanding of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Innovation; Product And Process Development; Organization Design; Design Structure; Organizational Ties; Mirroring Hypothesis; Industry Architecture; Product Architecture; Complex Technical Systems; Information Technology; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Relationships; Innovation and Invention; Product Development
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      Colfer, Lyra J., and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-124, April 2016. (Revised May 2016.)
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      Modularity and Organizations

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are...  View Details
      Keywords: Complexity; Organizations
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity and Organizations." In International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Edited by James D. Wright, 718–723. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2015.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      Sharing Design Rights: A Commons Approach for Developing Infrastructure

      By: Nuno Gil and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      This study empirically investigates the relationship between design structure and organization structure in the context of new infrastructure development projects. Our research setting is a capital program to develop new school buildings in the city of Manchester, UK....  View Details
      Keywords: Design; Buildings and Facilities; Education
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      Gil, Nuno, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Sharing Design Rights: A Commons Approach for Developing Infrastructure." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-025, September 2013. (Revised January 2014.)
      • 4 Jul 2013
      • Lecture

      Mirroring and Anti-Mirroring: Creating a Design Commons

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Mirroring and Anti-Mirroring: Creating a Design Commons." Lecture at the Trento Summer School, Cognitive and Experimental Economics Laboratory (CEEL) and Università degli studi di Trento, Trento, Italy, July 4, 2013.
      • January 2013
      • Case

      Omidyar Network: Pioneering Impact Investment

      By: Michael Chu and Lauren Barley
      Omidyar Network, having deployed to date over $500 million in ways ranging from donations to commercial equity capital, must decide whether to back Anudip, an Indian organization dedicated to providing the rural unemployed and marginalized with livelihoods linked to...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Investment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; India
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      Chu, Michael, and Lauren Barley. "Omidyar Network: Pioneering Impact Investment." Harvard Business School Case 313-090, January 2013.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Modularity and Organizations

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Modularity describes the degree to which a complex system can be broken apart into subunits (modules) that can be recombined in various ways. Modularity is important for organizations and the economy because the boundaries of organizational units and corporations are...  View Details
      Keywords: Complex Systems; Information Hiding; Loosely-coupled Systems; Mirroring; Mirroring Hypothesis; Modules; Modularity; Near-decomposable Systems; Product Architecture; Option Value; Organizational Design; Complexity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity and Organizations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-046, November 2012. (To appear in the Elsevier International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition; available on request to the author.)
      • Article

      Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis

      By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
      A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are...  View Details
      Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software
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      MacCormack, Alan, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and John Rusnak. "Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis." Research Policy 41, no. 8 (October 2012): 1309–1324.
      • February 2012
      • Article

      Management Practices across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing American, Japanese, and German firms are the best...  View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Competency and Skills; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizations; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Sectors; Performance; Business and Shareholder Relations; Private Equity; Multinational Firms and Management; United States; Germany; Japan; China; India
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices across Firms and Countries." Academy of Management Perspectives 26, no. 1 (February 2012): 12–33.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      Management Practices Across Firms and Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      For the last decade we have been using double-blind survey techniques and randomized sampling to construct management data on over 10,000 organizations across 20 countries. On average, we find that in manufacturing, American, Japanese, and German firms are the best...  View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Business Ventures; Public Sector; Private Sector; Country; Performance; Motivation and Incentives
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Christos Genakos, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Management Practices Across Firms and Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-052, December 2011.
      • Jun 2011
      • Conference Presentation

      A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis." Paper presented at the Industry Studies Association Annual Conference, June 2011.
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