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- Article
Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
An inherent risk of algorithmic personalization is disproportionate targeting of individuals from certain groups (or demographic characteristics such as gender or race), even when the decision maker does not intend to discriminate based on those “protected”... View Details
Keywords:
Algorithm Bias;
Personalization;
Targeting;
Generalized Random Forests (GRF);
Discrimination;
Customization and Personalization;
Decision Making;
Fairness;
Mathematical Methods
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)." e2115126119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 11 (March 8, 2022).
- March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
- Case
Pittsburgh: A Successful City?
Pittsburgh, PA, was once the crown jewel of American heavy industry. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the city was an undisputed leader in steel production, boasting some of the largest companies and wealthiest individuals in the world. Its abundance of...
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Keywords:
Economic And Social Disparities;
Economic Development;
Local Economic Development;
Contextual Intelligence;
Contextual Knowledge;
Context;
City Growth;
City Innovation;
City Leadership;
Pittsburgh;
Local Government;
Local Stakeholders;
Business And Community;
Business And Community Relations;
Community Engagement;
Community Relations;
Cross-sector Collaboration;
Innovation;
Innovation Economy;
Innovation Clusters;
Innovation Ecosystems;
Shared Prosperity;
Equality Of Opportunity;
Equity;
Inclusion;
Business And Government;
Business & Government Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Business And Society;
Neighborhoods;
Race And Ethnicity;
Innovation & Entrepreneurship;
Diversity;
Ethnicity;
Race;
Household;
Income;
Economic Growth;
Economic Sectors;
Economics;
Local Range;
Urban Development;
Urban Scope;
City;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Government and Politics;
Government Administration;
Growth and Development;
History;
Leadership;
Goals and Objectives;
Philanthropy and Charitable Giving;
Society;
Civil Society or Community;
Culture;
Human Needs;
Public Opinion;
Public Sector;
Social Issues;
Poverty;
Equality and Inequality;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
United States;
Pittsburgh;
Pennsylvania
- Article
Advancing Digital Health Applications: Priorities for Innovation in Real-World Evidence Generation
By: Ariel Dora Stern, Jan Brönneke, Jörg F Debatin, Julia Hagen, Henrik Matthies, Smit Patel, Ieuan Clay, Bjoern Eskofier, Annika Herr, Kurt Hoeller, Ashley Jaksa, Daniel B Kramer, Mattias Kyhlstedt, Katherine T Lofgren, Nirosha Mahendraratnam, Holger Muehlan, Simon Reif, Lars Riedemann and Jennifer C Goldsack
In 2019, Germany passed the Digital Healthcare Act, which, among other things, created a “Fast-Track” regulatory and reimbursement pathway for digital health applications in the German market. The pathway explicitly provides for flexibility in how researchers can...
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Stern, Ariel Dora, Jan Brönneke, Jörg F Debatin, Julia Hagen, Henrik Matthies, Smit Patel, Ieuan Clay, Bjoern Eskofier, Annika Herr, Kurt Hoeller, Ashley Jaksa, Daniel B Kramer, Mattias Kyhlstedt, Katherine T Lofgren, Nirosha Mahendraratnam, Holger Muehlan, Simon Reif, Lars Riedemann, and Jennifer C Goldsack. "Advancing Digital Health Applications: Priorities for Innovation in Real-World Evidence Generation." Lancet Digital Health 4, no. 3 (March 2022): e200–e206.
- 2021
- Working Paper
The Anatomy of a Hospital System Merger: The Patient Did Not Respond Well to Treatment
By: Martin Gaynor, Adam Sacarny, Raffaella Sadun, Chad Syverson and Shruthi Venkatesh
There is an ongoing merger wave in the U.S. hospital industry, but it remains an open question how hospital mergers change, or fail to change, hospital behavior, performance, and outcomes. In this research, we open the “black box” of practices within hospitals in the...
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Keywords:
Hospital Mergers;
Health Care and Treatment;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Performance Effectiveness;
Outcome or Result;
Analysis;
United States
Gaynor, Martin, Adam Sacarny, Raffaella Sadun, Chad Syverson, and Shruthi Venkatesh. "The Anatomy of a Hospital System Merger: The Patient Did Not Respond Well to Treatment." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29449, November 2021.
- July 2021
- Article
Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley and Adam D. Galinsky
Poor compliance of prescription medication is an ongoing public health crisis. Nearly half of patients do not take their medication as prescribed, harming their own health while also increasing public health care costs. Despite these detrimental consequences, prior...
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Keywords:
Prescription Drugs;
Medication Adherence;
Personal Health Costs;
Health;
Behavior;
Motivation and Incentives;
Communication Strategy
Jachimowicz, Jon M., Joe J. Gladstone, Dan Berry, Charlotte L. Kirkdale, Tracey Thornley, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Making Medications Stick: Improving Medication Adherence by Highlighting the Personal Health Costs of Non-compliance." Behavioural Public Policy 5, no. 3 (July 2021): 396–416.
- June 2021
- Article
Engineering Serendipity: When Does Knowledge Sharing Lead to Knowledge Production?
By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Ina Ganguli, Patrick Gaule, Eva C. Guinan and Karim R. Lakhani
We investigate how knowledge similarity between two individuals is systematically related to the likelihood that a serendipitous encounter results in knowledge production. We conduct a natural field experiment at a medical research symposium, where we exogenously...
View Details
Keywords:
Cognitive Similarity;
Innovation;
Knowledge Production;
Natural Field Experiment;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Knowledge Sharing;
Relationships
Lane, Jacqueline N., Ina Ganguli, Patrick Gaule, Eva C. Guinan, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Engineering Serendipity: When Does Knowledge Sharing Lead to Knowledge Production?" Strategic Management Journal 42, no. 6 (June 2021).
- Article
Use of Connected Digital Products in Clinical Research Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Trials
By: Caroline Marra, William J. Gordon and Ariel Dora Stern
Objectives: In an effort to mitigate COVID-19 related challenges for clinical research, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued new guidance for the conduct of ‘virtual’ clinical trials in late March 2020. This study documents trends in the use of...
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Keywords:
Connected Digital Products;
Telehealth;
Remote Monitoring;
Health Testing and Trials;
Research;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Technology
Marra, Caroline, William J. Gordon, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Use of Connected Digital Products in Clinical Research Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Trials." BMJ Open 11, no. 6 (2021).
- May 2021
- Case
Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham
By: Katherine Baldiga Coffman and Olivia Hull
Massachusetts General Brigham (MGB) Chief Innovation Officer Christopher Coburn had overseen a period of exciting transformation and growth in healthcare innovation at MGB. In November 2019, the health system was the largest recipient of National Institutes of Health...
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Keywords:
Inclusion;
Innovation;
Invention;
Gender;
Business Startups;
Investment Funds;
Private Equity;
Health Care and Treatment;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Intellectual Property;
Copyright;
Patents;
Research;
Research and Development;
Diversification;
Technology;
Health Industry;
Massachusetts;
Boston
Coffman, Katherine Baldiga, and Olivia Hull. "Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham." Harvard Business School Case 921-006, May 2021.
- May 2021
- Case
The SMA Foundation: Steering Therapeutic Research and Development in a Rare Disease
By: Amitabh Chandra, Spencer Lee-Rey and Caroline Marra
This case explores incentives for rare disease drug development by chronicling the role of the Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Foundation in forming strategic partnerships with the scientific research community and pharmaceutical developers to transform the trajectory...
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Keywords:
Innovation and Invention;
Strategy;
Business or Company Management;
Society;
Health;
Public Administration Industry;
Health Industry;
United States
Chandra, Amitabh, Spencer Lee-Rey, and Caroline Marra. "The SMA Foundation: Steering Therapeutic Research and Development in a Rare Disease." Harvard Business School Case 621-112, May 2021.
- May 2021
- Article
Value-Based Healthcare in Urology: A Collaborative Review
By: Chanan Reitblat, Paul A. Bain, Michael E. Porter, David N. Bernstein, Thomas W. Feeley, Markus Graefen, Santosh Iyer, Matthew J. Resnick, C.J. Stimson, Quoc-Dien Trinh and Boris Gershman
Context:
In response to growing concerns over rising costs and major variation in quality, improving value for patients has been proposed as a fundamentally new strategy for how healthcare should be delivered, measured, and... View Details
In response to growing concerns over rising costs and major variation in quality, improving value for patients has been proposed as a fundamentally new strategy for how healthcare should be delivered, measured, and... View Details
Keywords:
Value-based Healthcare;
Integrated Practice Units;
Outcome Measurement;
Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing;
Health Care and Treatment;
Value;
Cost Management;
Strategy;
Outcome or Result;
Measurement and Metrics
Reitblat, Chanan, Paul A. Bain, Michael E. Porter, David N. Bernstein, Thomas W. Feeley, Markus Graefen, Santosh Iyer, Matthew J. Resnick, C.J. Stimson, Quoc-Dien Trinh, and Boris Gershman. "Value-Based Healthcare in Urology: A Collaborative Review." European Urology 79, no. 5 (May 2021): 571–585.
- January 28, 2021
- Other Article
Lessons from the U.S.'s Rocky Vaccine Rollout
By: Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
The rocky rollout of the COVID-19 vaccines is emblematic of many of the problems with the U.S. health care system. The United States is blessed with highly trained, excellent, and compassionate care providers and terrific research and development that has led to novel...
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Keywords:
Health Care;
COVID-19;
Vaccines;
Operations Improvement;
Health Pandemics;
Health Care and Treatment;
Service Delivery;
Operations;
Performance Improvement;
Health;
Health Industry;
United States
Huckman, Robert S., and Bradley R. Staats. "Lessons from the U.S.'s Rocky Vaccine Rollout." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (January 28, 2021).
- 2020
- Working Paper
The Market for Healthcare in Low Income Countries
By: Abhijit Banerjee, Jishnu Das, Jeffrey Hammer, Reshmaan Hussam and Aakash Mohpal
New research clearly identifies trust as an important driver of the demand for healthcare. However, doctors who realize that patients may not trust them may also alter their behavior in response. We assemble a large dataset that assesses clinical performance using...
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Banerjee, Abhijit, Jishnu Das, Jeffrey Hammer, Reshmaan Hussam, and Aakash Mohpal. "The Market for Healthcare in Low Income Countries." Working Paper, December 2020.
- 2021
- Working Paper
Development of CAR-T Therapies: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances
By: Amar Bhidé and Srikant M. Datar
In 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved an immunotherapeutic treatment, called CAR-T therapy, for two kinds of blood cancers—acute leukemia (ALL) and a lymphoma. We describe 1) how CAR-T works; 2) the foundational advances and discoveries; 3)...
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Keywords:
Immunotherapy;
Health Care and Treatment;
Innovation and Invention;
Research and Development;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Bhidé, Amar, and Srikant M. Datar. "Development of CAR-T Therapies: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-035, August 2020. (Revised May 2021.)
- August 2020 (Revised January 2022)
- Case
1928 Diagnostics: Fighting Antibiotics Resistance
By: Ariel D. Stern and Daniela Beyersdorfer
In 2019, the co-founders of the Swedish medical start-up 1928 Diagnostics, CEO Dr. Kristina Lagerstedt and COO Dr. Susanne Staaf, had to pick the right business model to commercialize their novel technology to hospitals and health care providers. Developed in...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Entrepreneurship;
Leadership;
Science-Based Business;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Model;
Information Technology;
Digital Platforms;
Health Disorders;
Market Entry and Exit;
Value Creation;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Medical Devices and Supplies Industry;
Europe;
Sweden
Stern, Ariel D., and Daniela Beyersdorfer. "1928 Diagnostics: Fighting Antibiotics Resistance." Harvard Business School Case 621-025, August 2020. (Revised January 2022.)
- Article
Assessing the Food and Drug Administration's Risk-Based Framework for Software Precertification with Top Health Apps in the United States: Quality Improvement Study
By: Noy Alon, Ariel Dora Stern and John Torous
BACKGROUND: As the development of mobile health apps continues to accelerate, the need to implement a framework that can standardize categorizing these apps to allow for efficient, yet robust regulation grows. However, regulators and researchers are faced with numerous...
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Keywords:
Mobile Health;
Smartphone;
Food And Drug Administration;
Risk-based Framework;
Health Care and Treatment;
Mobile and Wireless Technology;
Applications and Software;
Framework
Alon, Noy, Ariel Dora Stern, and John Torous. "Assessing the Food and Drug Administration's Risk-Based Framework for Software Precertification with Top Health Apps in the United States: Quality Improvement Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 10 (October 2020).
- 2021
- Working Paper
Cephalosporins: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances
By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant Datar and Katherine Stebbins
Our case history describes the development of three generations of cephalosporins—antibiotics that have significantly reduced hospital infections. After providing an overview of antibiotic development and its challenges we describe how: 1) Early (pre-cephalosporin)...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Invention;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Bhidé, Amar, Srikant Datar, and Katherine Stebbins. "Cephalosporins: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-133, July 2020. (Revised May 2021.)
- 2021
- Working Paper
SSRIs and Non-SSRIs (through 1999): Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances
By: Amar Bhidé, Srikant M. Datar and Katherine Stebbins
Our case history describes the development of Prozac, a blockbuster drug that transformed the treatment of depression – and became a cultural phenomenon in the United States. Specifically, we chronicle the: 1) prior treatments for depression and the research that...
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Keywords:
Health Care and Treatment;
Technological Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Innovation and Invention;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Bhidé, Amar, Srikant M. Datar, and Katherine Stebbins. "SSRIs and Non-SSRIs (through 1999): Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-135, July 2020. (Revised June 2021.)
- Article
Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults, 2008–17
By: Karen Shen, Eric Barrette and Leemore S. Dafny
There is abundant literature on efforts to reduce opioid prescriptions and misuse, but comparatively little on the treatment provided to people with opioid use disorder (OUD). Using claims data representing 12–15 million nonelderly adults covered through commercial...
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Keywords:
Opioid Treatment;
Medication-assisted Treatment;
Substance Use Disorder;
Private Insurance;
Health Disorders;
Health Care and Treatment;
Insurance;
United States
Shen, Karen, Eric Barrette, and Leemore S. Dafny. "Treatment Of Opioid Use Disorder Among Commercially Insured U.S. Adults, 2008–17." Health Affairs 39, no. 6 (June 2020): 993–1001.
- April 29, 2020
- Article
How Should We Allocate Scarce Medical Resources?
By: Max Bazerman, Regan Bernhard, Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang and Netta Barak-Corren
Who should get a ventilator if there aren’t enough to go around? Research on decision making leads to three concrete guidelines that policy-makers and physicians can use to make fair choices when allocating scarce, life-saving resources. The key to making fair and...
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Keywords:
COVID-19;
Health Pandemics;
Resource Allocation;
Decision Making;
Policy;
Fairness;
Ethics
Bazerman, Max, Regan Bernhard, Joshua D. Greene, Karen Huang, and Netta Barak-Corren. "How Should We Allocate Scarce Medical Resources?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 29, 2020).
- 2020
- Working Paper
Engineering Serendipity: When Does Knowledge Sharing Lead to Knowledge Production?
By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Ina Ganguli, Patrick Gaule, Eva C. Guinan and Karim R. Lakhani
We investigate how knowledge similarity between two individuals is systematically related to the likelihood that a serendipitous encounter results in knowledge production. We conduct a natural field experiment at a medical research symposium, where we exogenously...
View Details
Keywords:
Cognitive Similarity;
Knowledge Creation;
Knowledge Sharing;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Relationships
Lane, Jacqueline N., Ina Ganguli, Patrick Gaule, Eva C. Guinan, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Engineering Serendipity: When Does Knowledge Sharing Lead to Knowledge Production?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-058, November 2019. (Revised July 2020.)