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- April 2023
- Case
Apple's iPhone Revolution: Pioneering the Circular Economy
By: George Serafeim
When asked to identify an example of a circular economy business model that has generated billions in revenues for a company, ChatGPT, the famous chatbot that in 2022 rocked the world with its ability to perform a variety of tasks, immediately identified and...
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- March 2023
- Article
Not from Concentrate: Collusion in Collaborative Industries
By: Jordan M. Barry, John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
The chief principle of antitrust law and theory is that reducing market concentration—having more, smaller firms instead of fewer, bigger ones—reduces anticompetitive behavior. We demonstrate that this principle is fundamentally incomplete.
In many... View Details
In many... View Details
Keywords:
Antitrust;
Antitrust Law;
Antitrust Theory;
Law And Economics;
Collusion;
Collaboration;
Collaborative Industries;
Regulation;
＂Repeated Games＂;
IPOs;
Initial Public Offerings;
Underwriters;
Real Estate;
Real Estate Agents;
Realtors;
Syndicated Markets;
Syndication;
Brokers;
Market Concentration;
Competition;
Law;
Economics;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Game Theory;
Initial Public Offering
- February 2023
- Case
Chari: Exploring Fintech in Morocco
By: Karen G. Mills and Ahmed Dahawy
This case examines the challenges and opportunities of doing business in Morocco. It highlights Morocco’s unique economy where cash remains a dominant player in the market despite global advancements in digitalization. The case also explores the various cultural and...
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- February 2023 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Accelerating the Accelerator: Raja Al Mazrouei at DIFC Fintech Hive
By: Linda A. Hill, Emily Tedards and Lydia Begag
In January 2023, Raja Al Mazrouei became the Managing Director and Acting CEO of Etihad Credit Insurance (ECI) in Dubai, UAE. In her previous role as the Executive Vice President of the DIFC Fintech Hive, she successfully built and led an accelerator program for...
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Keywords:
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Design;
Organizational Structure;
Management;
Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Information Infrastructure;
Financial Management;
Financial Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Digital Marketing;
Digital Strategy;
Digital Transformation;
Global Strategy;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Banks and Banking;
Corporate Finance;
Leadership;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Financial Services Industry;
Technology Industry;
Banking Industry;
Middle East;
Singapore;
London;
United Arab Emirates;
Dubai
- February 22, 2023
- Article
How to Seed Organic Marketing in a Video-First World
By: Ayelet Israeli, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Matt Higgins
Early direct-to-consumer (DTC) companies relied on plentiful capital and low-cost digital marketing to power growth. But as this sector has matured, capital is more constrained, social media is more cluttered, and customer acquisition costs are rising. DTC companies...
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Keywords:
Online Business;
Ecommerce;
E-commerce;
E-Commerce Strategy;
Omnichannel Retail;
Omnichannel Retailing;
Influencer Marketing;
Consumer;
Organic Growth;
Video Advertising;
Promotion;
Celebrities;
Online Advertising;
Online Channel;
Online Communities;
Online Community;
Go To Market Strategy;
Platform;
Media;
Media Content;
Digital;
Digital Culture;
Digital Influencers;
Direct To Consumer Marketing;
Direct-to-consumer;
Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship;
Innovation;
Sales;
Digital Platforms;
Digital Marketing;
Digital Strategy;
Consumer Behavior;
Internet and the Web;
Advertising;
Business Model;
Growth Management;
Marketing;
Marketing Strategy;
Marketing Channels;
Marketing Communications;
Communication Strategy;
Innovation Strategy;
Retail Industry;
Consumer Products Industry;
Fashion Industry;
Advertising Industry;
Apparel and Accessories Industry;
Beauty and Cosmetics Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
United States;
North America
- February 2023
- Case
Roblox: Virtual Commerce in the Metaverse
By: Ayelet Israeli and Nicole Tempest Keller
In 2022, Roblox had 58.8 million daily active users, including over half of all children and teens under the age of 16 in the United States. Roblox, a free-to-use “co-experience platform”, allowed users to come together in immersive 3D experiences to socialize, work,...
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Keywords:
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Market Design;
Marketing;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Channels;
Marketing Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Economics;
Economy;
Economic Systems;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Digital Platforms;
Markets;
Price;
Innovation and Management;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Technology Industry;
United States;
California;
North America;
South America;
Asia;
Europe
- February 2023
- Article
Disruption and Credit Markets
By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
We show that over the past half century innovative disruptions were central to understanding corporate defaults. In a given year, industries experiencing abnormally high VC or IPO activity subsequently see higher default rates, higher segment exits by conglomerates,...
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- January 2023 (Revised April 2023)
- Case
Cobalt Robotics: Scaling Workplace Robotics
By: Jeffrey F. Rayport, Nicole Tempest Keller and Kyung Keun Park
Founded in 2016, Cobalt Robotics, based in Fremont, California, was a Robot-as-a-Service (RaaS) company that built autonomous workplace robots that were designed to replace or supplement human security guards. Outfitted with over 60 sensors, Cobalt robots patrolled...
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- January 2023
- Teaching Note
Duolingo: Teaching Languages to the Masses
By: Youngme Moon
Teaching Note for HBS Case 323-016. At the time the case is written, Duolingo is the most popular language learning service in the world. The company has more than 40 million monthly active users, and the company’s total annual revenue has reached $250 million a year....
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Achieving Universal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Addressing Market Failures or Providing a Social Floor?
By: Katherine Baicker, Amitabh Chandra and Mark Shepard
The United States spends substantially more on health care than most developed countries, yet leaves a greater share of the population uninsured. We suggest that incremental insurance expansions focused on addressing market failures will propagate inefficiencies and...
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- December 2022
- Technical Note
Risks and Opportunities from the Transition to a Low Carbon Economy: A Business Analysis Framework
By: George Serafeim
The transition to a low carbon economy introduces many risks and opportunities for businesses. Risks emerge from regulatory actions, such as carbon taxes and cap and trade systems, technological innovation that develop alternatives for customers making existing...
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Keywords:
Risk Assessment;
Opportunities;
Environmental Sustainability;
Carbon Footprint;
Risk Management;
Competitive Dynamics;
Business Analysis;
Climate Change;
Accounting;
Finance;
Valuation;
Business and Shareholder Relations;
Technological Innovation;
Transition;
Product Positioning;
Renewable Energy;
Analysis
- December 2022 (Revised May 2023)
- Case
Iberdrola: Leading the Energy Revolution
By: Juan Alcácer and Emer Moloney
At the end of 2019, Ignacio Galán, the Chairman and CEO of the world's third largest utility, Iberdrola, reflected on his almost 20 years at the company. He managed a portfolio of three very different businesses, each with their own specific opportunities and...
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Keywords:
Energy;
Energy Generation;
Energy Sources;
Non-Renewable Energy;
Renewable Energy;
Engineering;
Innovation and Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Leadership;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Market Timing;
Industry Growth;
Mission and Purpose;
Strategy;
Energy Industry;
Green Technology Industry;
Utilities Industry;
Transportation Industry;
Auto Industry;
Spain;
United Kingdom;
United States;
Brazil;
Mexico
- December 2022 (Revised January 2023)
- Case
Cann: High Hopes for Cannabis Infused Beverages
By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
Founded in 2018 by Jake Bullock and Luke Anderson, Cann sold “social tonics,” or cannabis-infused beverages. By 2022, the company had several notable celebrity investors and talent partners, had sold over 10 million beverages to consumers, was distributing in six...
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Keywords:
Stigma;
Product Innovation;
Product Introduction;
Product Differentiation;
New Products;
New Product Marketing;
New Product Management;
Brand Management;
Branding;
Packaging;
Positioning;
Growth Strategy And Execution;
Growth;
Cannabis Industry;
Purpose;
Purpose Brands;
LGBTQ;
Direct-to-consumer;
DTC;
Regulations;
Channels Of Distribution;
Product Development;
Product Marketing;
Product Positioning;
Product;
Innovation and Invention;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Channels;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Digital Marketing;
Market Entry and Exit;
Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms;
Consumer Products Industry;
Food and Beverage Industry;
United States;
Canada;
North America
- December 2022
- Article
I Don't 'Recall': The Decision to Delay Innovation Launch to Avoid Costly Product Failure
By: Byungyeon Kim, Oded Koenigsberg and Elie Ofek
Innovations embody novel features or cutting-edge components aimed at delivering desired customer benefits.
Oftentimes, however, we observe the need to recall new products shortly after their introduction. Indeed, a firm
may rush an innovation to market in an attempt...
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- Article
Innovations in Retail Operations: Thirty Years of Lessons from Production and Operations Management
By: Marshall Fisher and Ananth Raman
We review papers published in Production and Operations Management (POM) during its thirty-year history that deal with retail operations issues with an empirical approach. The papers span a range of issues, from traditional ones like forecasting and inventory...
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- 2022
- Working Paper
Regulatory Incentives for Innovation: The FDA's Breakthrough Therapy Designation
By: Amitabh Chandra, Jennifer Kao, Kathleen Miller and Ariel D. Stern
Regulators of new products confront a tradeoff between speeding a new product to market and collecting additional product quality information. The FDA’s Breakthrough Therapy Designation (BTD) provides an opportunity to understand if a regulator can use new policy to...
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- December 2022
- Article
Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics
By: Cheng Gao and Rory McDonald
In nascent industries—whose new technologies are often poorly understood
by regulators—contending with regulatory uncertainty can be crucial to organizational survival and growth. Prior research on nonmarket strategy has largely
focused on established firms in mature...
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- November 2022 (Revised March 2023)
- Supplement
JUUL and the Vaping Revolution: A 2022 Update
By: Michael W. Toffel and Sarah Mehta
This slide deck provides a brief update (2019-2022) on the rise and fall of JUUL Labs, the maker of the popular JUUL e-cigarette.
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Keywords:
Electronic Cigarettes;
E-Cigarettes;
Vaping;
Nicotine Replacement;
JUUL;
Juuling;
Government Regulation;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Digital Marketing;
Customers;
Innovation and Invention;
Innovation Strategy;
Marketing;
Ethics;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Strategy;
Product Marketing;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Social Issues;
Technology Industry;
California
- November 2022 (Revised March 2023)
- Supplement
JUUL and the Vaping Revolution: A 2022 Update
By: Michael W. Toffel and Sarah Mehta
This case provides a brief update (2019-2022) on the rise and fall of JUUL Labs, the maker of the popular JUUL e-cigarette.
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Keywords:
Electronic Cigarettes;
E-Cigarettes;
Vaping;
Nicotine Replacement;
JUUL;
Juuling;
Government Regulation;
Advertising;
Advertising Campaigns;
Digital Marketing;
Customers;
Innovation and Invention;
Innovation Strategy;
Marketing;
Ethics;
Brands and Branding;
Marketing Communications;
Marketing Strategy;
Product Marketing;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Social Issues;
Technology Industry;
California
- November 2022
- Case
Ajax Health: A New Model for Medical Technology Innovation
By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Ben Creo
This case teaches key success factors for both startup and established MedTech firms. It examines how to structure a firm to maximize innovation and financial returns with organizational structures that better align the incentives for the different skill sets...
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