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    • All HBS Web  (674)
      • Faculty Publications  (108)

      Market Failures Remove Market Failures →

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      • January 2023
      • Case

      Proday: Calling the Right Play

      By: Lindsay N. Hyde, Thomas R. Eisenmann and Tom Quinn
      Sarah Kunst knew the elements of a successful startup from her tenure at venture capital firms. In April 2018, however, her own app – Proday, a home fitness platform featuring exercises filmed by professional sports stars – was floundering. Kunst theorized that...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; Entrepreneurship; Advertising; Digital Marketing; Product Launch; Social Marketing; Failure; Sports; Applications and Software; Technology Industry; United States
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      Hyde, Lindsay N., Thomas R. Eisenmann, and Tom Quinn. "Proday: Calling the Right Play." Harvard Business School Case 823-005, January 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Achieving Universal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Addressing Market Failures or Providing a Social Floor?

      By: Katherine Baicker, Amitabh Chandra and Mark Shepard
      The United States spends substantially more on health care than most developed countries, yet leaves a greater share of the population uninsured. We suggest that incremental insurance expansions focused on addressing market failures will propagate inefficiencies and...  View Details
      Keywords: Public Sector; Insurance; Health Care and Treatment; Policy; Innovation and Invention
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      Baicker, Katherine, Amitabh Chandra, and Mark Shepard. "Achieving Universal Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: Addressing Market Failures or Providing a Social Floor?" NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30854, January 2023.
      • Winter 2022
      • Article

      Vaccines and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Failure and Success

      By: Scott Duke Kominers and Alex Tabarrok
      The losses from the global COVID-19 pandemic have been staggering—trillions in economic costs, on top of significant losses of life, health, and well-being. The world made significant and successful investments in vaccines to mitigate the pandemic, yet there were...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Vaccination; Market Design; Health Pandemics; Loss; Outcome or Result; Opportunities; Crisis Management
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, and Alex Tabarrok. "Vaccines and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons from Failure and Success." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 38, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 719–741.
      • January 2022
      • Case

      Walmart Goes Global (A)

      By: Juan Alcácer
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Success; Globalized Markets and Industries; Expansion; Market Entry and Exit; Failure; Retail Industry; Germany; China; Argentina; South Korea; Canada; Japan; Brazil; Africa; United Kingdom; United States; Mexico
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      Alcácer, Juan. "Walmart Goes Global (A)." Harvard Business School Case 722-385, January 2022.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster

      By: Samuel Gregory Hanson, Adi Sunderam and Eric Zwick
      This article draws lessons from the business support policies pursued in the COVID-19 pandemic to guide policy design for the next disaster. We contrast the performance of the Paycheck Protection Program to the Main Street Lending Program to illustrate how design...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Policy; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Financing and Loans; United States
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      Hanson, Samuel Gregory, Adi Sunderam, and Eric Zwick. "Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster." In Rebuilding the Post-Pandemic Economy, edited by Melissa S. Kearney and Amy Ganz, 52–77. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 2021.
      • December 2021 (Revised May 2022)
      • Case

      Troverie (A)

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Lindsay N. Hyde and Olivia Graham
      Six months after the August 2018 launch of Troverie, a U.S.-based online retailer of luxury watches, the average cost of acquiring a customer is much higher than originally projected, and the startup is incurring a substantial loss on each sales transaction. Could...  View Details
      Keywords: Startup; Luxury Goods; Customer Acquisition; Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Luxury; Failure; Internet and the Web; Revenue; Fashion Industry; United States
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., Lindsay N. Hyde, and Olivia Graham. "Troverie (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-068, December 2021. (Revised May 2022.)
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Trials and Terminations: Learning from Competitors' R&D Failures

      By: Joshua L. Krieger
      I analyze project continuation decisions where firms may resolve uncertainty through news about competitors' research and development (R&D) failures, as well as through their own results. I examine the trade-offs and interactions between product-market competition and...  View Details
      Keywords: Research and Development; Projects; Failure; Decision Making; Learning
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      Krieger, Joshua L. "Trials and Terminations: Learning from Competitors' R&D Failures." Management Science 67, no. 9 (September 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      (Not) Paying for Diversity: Repugnance and Failure to Choose Labor Market Platforms that Facilitate Hiring Racial Minorities into Technical Positions

      By: Summer R. Jackson
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      Jackson, Summer R. "(Not) Paying for Diversity: Repugnance and Failure to Choose Labor Market Platforms that Facilitate Hiring Racial Minorities into Technical Positions." Working Paper, 2021.
      • May–June 2021
      • Article

      Why Start-ups Fail

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      If you’re launching a business, the odds are against you: Two-thirds of start-ups never show a positive return. Unnerved by that statistic, a professor of entrepreneurship at Harvard Business School set out to discover why. Based on interviews and surveys with hundreds...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Problems and Challenges; Failure
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Why Start-ups Fail." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 3 (May–June 2021): 76–85.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      To explore determinants of new venture performance, the CEOs of 470 early-stage startups were surveyed regarding a broad range of factors related to their venture’s customer value proposition, product management, marketing, technology and operations, financial...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Survey Research; Performance Analysis; Entrepreneurship; Performance; Analysis; Business Startups; Failure; Surveys
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Determinants of Early-Stage Startup Performance: Survey Results." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-057, October 2020.
      • April 29, 2020
      • Article

      The Case for AI Insurance

      By: Ram Shankar Siva Kumar and Frank Nagle
      When organizations place machine learning systems at the center of their businesses, they introduce the risk of failures that could lead to a data breach, brand damage, property damage, business interruption, and in some cases, bodily harm. Even when companies are...  View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Machine Learning; Internet and the Web; Safety; Insurance; AI and Machine Learning; Cybersecurity
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      Kumar, Ram Shankar Siva, and Frank Nagle. "The Case for AI Insurance." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (April 29, 2020).
      • April 2020 (Revised July 2020)
      • Case

      Amazon in China and India

      By: Krishna G. Palepu and Kairavi Dey
      Amazon has been unsuccessful in its efforts to develop a business in China. Even though Amazon was an early entrant into China’s e-commerce space, its domestic rivals, especially Alibaba, created innovative business models uniquely suited for the conditions in China. ...  View Details
      Keywords: Global Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; Business Strategy; Expansion; Business Model; Retail Industry; China; India; United States
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      Palepu, Krishna G., and Kairavi Dey. "Amazon in China and India." Harvard Business School Case 120-111, April 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • September 2019 (Revised December 2019)
      • Supplement

      Anthony Soohoo: Retrospection on Dot & Bo

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann, Allison M. Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
      The case describes the final year of the once-promising furniture e-tailer, Dot & Bo, that included a challenging fundraising market, troubles with logistics and operations, and a team tragedy. The founder looks back at the experience and shares his learnings about...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Furnishing; Leadership; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Internet and the Web; Failure; Learning; E-commerce; United States
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R., Allison M. Ciechanover, and George Gonzalez. "Anthony Soohoo: Retrospection on Dot & Bo." Harvard Business School Supplement 820-037, September 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
      • August 2019
      • Case

      Rand Fishkin at Moz (A)

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      In 2016, senior management at Moz, a venture capital–backed startup providing software tools for digital marketing professionals, must decide how to address a looming cash flow crisis precipitated by failed efforts to broaden its product line. Seattle-based Moz had...  View Details
      Keywords: Startups; Scaling; Entrepreneurship; Failure; Business Startups; Diversification; Growth Management; Technology Industry
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. "Rand Fishkin at Moz (A)." Harvard Business School Case 820-002, August 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Article

      Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs

      By: Samuel G. Hanson, David S. Scharfstein and Adi Sunderam
      We develop a model of government portfolio choice in which a benevolent government chooses the scale of risky projects in the presence of market failures and tax distortions. These two frictions generate motives to manage social risk and fiscal risk. Social risk...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk Management; Government and Politics; Programs
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      Hanson, Samuel G., David S. Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "Social Risk, Fiscal Risk, and the Portfolio of Government Programs." Review of Financial Studies 32, no. 6 (June 2019): 2341–2382. (Internet Appendix Here.)
      • December 2018
      • Technical Note

      The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics and Market Failures

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl and Robert Scherf
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C., and Robert Scherf. "The First Fundamental Theorem of Welfare Economics and Market Failures." Harvard Business School Technical Note 719-027, December 2018.
      • Article

      The Social Purpose of Corporations

      By: Nien-he Hsieh, Marco Meyer, David Rodin and Jens van ‘t Klooster
      To think about the purpose of corporations is to think about what corporations are for. In this article, we argue that the concept of a purpose has an important role in thinking about the moral evaluation of corporations. We make three contributions. First, we...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Purpose; Corporate Purpose; The Corporation; Market Failures; Measurement Of Purpose; Organizations; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Ethics
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      Hsieh, Nien-he, Marco Meyer, David Rodin, and Jens van ‘t Klooster. "The Social Purpose of Corporations." Journal of the British Academy 6, no. s1 (2018): 49–73. ( DOI: https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/006s1.049.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      OTC Intermediaries

      By: Andrea L. Eisfeldt, Bernard Herskovic, Sriram Rajan and Emil Siriwardane
      Over-the-counter (OTC) markets for financial assets are dominated by a relatively small number of core intermediaries and a large number of peripheral customers. In this paper, we develop a model of trade in a core-periphery network and estimate its key structural...  View Details
      Keywords: OTC Markets; Intermediaries; Dealers; Credit Default Swaps; Risk Sharing; Networks; Price; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Eisfeldt, Andrea L., Bernard Herskovic, Sriram Rajan, and Emil Siriwardane. "OTC Intermediaries." Working Paper, August 2018.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Responding Strategically to Competitors' Failures: Evidence from Medical Device Recalls & New Product Submissions

      By: George P. Ball, Jeffrey T. Macher and Ariel Dora Stern
      Medical device firms operate at the frontiers of innovation. When functioning properly, innovative medical devices can prolong and improve lives; when malfunctioning, the same devices may harm patients and lead to product recalls. Product recalls create significant...  View Details
      Keywords: New Product Development; Recalls; Product Failures; Medical Devices; FDA; Health Care; Product Development; Product; Failure; Competition; Opportunities; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Ball, George P., Jeffrey T. Macher, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Responding Strategically to Competitors' Failures: Evidence from Medical Device Recalls & New Product Submissions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-028, September 2018. (Revised March 2022.)
      • July 2018
      • Teaching Note

      Ron Johnson: A Career in Retail

      By: Ryan Raffaelli
      In April 2013, Ron Johnson (HBS '84) stepped down after just 18 months as CEO of J.C. Penney. In his brief tenure, Johnson, an acclaimed retailer respected for his innovation and success in shaping the retail image at Target and Apple, introduced dramatic departures...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Development; Legal Industry; Procurement; Professional Service Firms; Pricing; Competition; Organizational Behavior; Change Management; Innovation Leadership; Situation or Environment; Failure; Management Teams; Brands and Branding; Retail Industry; United States
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      Raffaelli, Ryan. "Ron Johnson: A Career in Retail." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 419-010, July 2018.
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