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      • April 2023
      • Article

      The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity

      By: Laura Alfaro, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger and Yanping Liu
      We evaluate manufacturing firms' responses to changes in the real exchange rate (RER) using detailed firm-level data for a large set of countries for the period 2001-2010. We uncover the following stylized facts about regional variation of manufacturing firms'...  View Details
      Keywords: Real Exchange Rate; Firm Level Data; Innovation; Productivity; Exporting; Importing; Credit Constraints; Currency Exchange Rate; Innovation and Invention; Performance Productivity
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      Alfaro, Laura, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger, and Yanping Liu. "The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity." Journal of the European Economic Association 21, no. 2 (April 2023): 637–689.
      • February 2023
      • Case

      Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A)

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and E. Scott Mayfield
      In July 2019, Graphic Packaging CEO Michael Doss was proposing a $600 million investment in a new machine to produce coated recycled board (CRB), a type of paper packaging used for consumer products (cups, cereal boxes, beverage boxes, etc.) that utilized recycled...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Budgeting; Growth Management; Demand and Consumers; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Value Creation; Supply and Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; North America
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and E. Scott Mayfield. "Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 223-009, February 2023.
      • February 2023
      • Supplement

      Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A) Courseware

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
      In July 2019, Graphic Packaging CEO Michael Doss was proposing a $600 million investment in a new machine to produce coated recycled board (CRB), a type of paper packaging used for consumer products (cups, cereal boxes, beverage boxes, etc.) that utilized recycled...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Budgeting; Growth Management; Demand and Consumers; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Expansion; Value Creation; Supply and Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Manufacturing Industry; United States; North America
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Graphic Packaging: Project Cowboy (A) Courseware." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 223-709, February 2023.
      • January 2023
      • Case

      Velong: Rethinking 'Made in China'

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Nancy Hua Dai and Billy Chan
      Velong is a supplier of kitchen equipment and backyard grills for major global brands and store brands of large western retailers. In light of the COVID-related disruptions to the global supply chains, and the evolving trade tensions between China and the Western...  View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Supply Chain Management; Risk Management; Manufacturing Industry; China; India; Mexico; Turkey; Viet Nam
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Nancy Hua Dai, and Billy Chan. "Velong: Rethinking 'Made in China'." Harvard Business School Case 323-064, January 2023.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Cost Plus Drugs

      By: Alexander MacKay and James Barnett
      In September 2022, Mark Cuban Cost Plus Drugs Company CEO Alex Oshmyansky considered the future of the company. Cost Plus Drugs was a retailer for more than 340 generic oral medications, selling their drugs at significantly lower prices than typical pharmacies....  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Decision Making; Entrepreneurship; Ethics; Health; Markets; Social Enterprise; Society; Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Business Divisions; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; Texas
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      MacKay, Alexander, and James Barnett. "Cost Plus Drugs." Harvard Business School Case 723-362, October 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Giving a Buck or Making a Buck? Donations by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers to Independent Patient Assistance Charities

      By: Leemore Dafny, Christopher Ody and Teresa Rokos
      The federal Anti-Kickback Statute prohibits biopharmaceutical manufacturers from directly covering Medicare enrollees’ out-of-pocket spending for the drugs they manufacture, but manufacturers may donate to independent patient assistance charities and earmark donations...  View Details
      Keywords: Cost Sharing; Prescription Drugs; Drug Spending; Medicare; Dual Eligibility; Cost; Health Care and Treatment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Dafny, Leemore, Christopher Ody, and Teresa Rokos. "Giving a Buck or Making a Buck? Donations by Pharmaceutical Manufacturers to Independent Patient Assistance Charities." Health Affairs 41, no. 9 (September 2022).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?

      By: Laura Alfaro, Maggie X. Chen and Davin Chor
      We investigate the role of evidence-based information in shaping individuals' preferences for trade policies through a series of survey experiments that contain randomized information treatments. Each treatment provides a concise statement of economics research...  View Details
      Keywords: Evidence; Preference; Trade Policy; Information; Trade; Policy; Attitudes
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      Alfaro, Laura, Maggie X. Chen, and Davin Chor. "Can Evidence-Based Information Shift Preferences Towards Trade Policy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-062, March 2022. (Revised May 2023. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 31240, May 2023)
      • March 2022
      • Case

      Unilever: Remote Work in Manufacturing

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Susie L. Ma
      In December 2021, Unilever—one of the world’s largest producers of consumer goods—was in the midst of a pilot project to digitize its manufacturing facilities and enable remote work for factory employees. This was possible because of an earlier project to retrofit a...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Globalization; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Human Resources; Jobs and Positions; Operations; Education; Training; Manufacturing Industry
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Susie L. Ma. "Unilever: Remote Work in Manufacturing." Harvard Business School Case 622-030, March 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Digital Manufacturing at Amgen

      By: Shane Greenstein, Kyle R. Myers and Sarah Mehta
      This teaching note provides guidance for instructors teaching “Digital Manufacturing at Amgen,” case no. 621-008.  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Change Management; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Information Technology; Analytics and Data Science; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Jobs and Positions; Knowledge; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Science; Strategy; Technology Adoption; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; California; Puerto Rico; Rhode Island
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      Greenstein, Shane, Kyle R. Myers, and Sarah Mehta. "Digital Manufacturing at Amgen." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 622-013, March 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Do Safety Management System Standards Indicate Safer Operations? Evidence from the OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standard

      By: Kala Viswanathan, Matthew S. Johnson and Michael W. Toffel
      Problem definition: In light of the enormous disruptions and costs associated with occupational injuries, companies and buyers are increasingly looking to voluntary occupational health and safety standards to improve worker safety. Yet because these standards...  View Details
      Keywords: Occupational Health; Occupational Safety; Program Evaluation; Safety Performance; Injuries; OHSAS 18001; ISO 45001; Standards; Safety; Quality; Operations; Performance Evaluation; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Viswanathan, Kala, Matthew S. Johnson, and Michael W. Toffel. "Do Safety Management System Standards Indicate Safer Operations? Evidence from the OHSAS 18001 Occupational Health and Safety Standard." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-042, December 2021. (Revised May 2023.)
      • December 2021 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      Katerra (A)

      By: Lindsay N. Hyde, Thomas R. Eisenmann and Tom Quinn
      In April 2020, Katerra executives struggled with a series of decisions that would determine the fate of one of the best-funded construction startups in history. Katerra was founded in 2015 by technology-industry executive Michael Marks and commercial real estate...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Entrepreneurship; Failure; Construction; Real Estate Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Hyde, Lindsay N., Thomas R. Eisenmann, and Tom Quinn. "Katerra (A)." Harvard Business School Case 822-021, December 2021. (Revised January 2023.)
      • Article

      Accounting for Climate Change

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
      Corporations are facing growing pressure—from investors, advocacy groups, politicians, and even business leaders themselves—to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from their operations and their supply and distribution chains. About 90% of the companies in the S&P...  View Details
      Keywords: Greenhouse Gas Mitigation; Social Accounting; E-liabilities; Business And The Environment; Climate Change; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Karthik Ramanna. "Accounting for Climate Change." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 6 (November–December 2021): 120–131.
      • September 2021 (Revised October 2022)
      • Supplement

      Hester Pharmaceuticals (B): Securing Supply

      By: Dante Roscini and John Masko
      Supplements the (A) case. In late 2020, demand for Hester Pharmaceutical’s (Hester’s) breakthrough oncology drug Akrozumab was outstripping the company’s most optimistic projections. In order to increase manufacturing capacity and meet the demand, Hester was...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Cost vs Benefits; Trade; Supply Chain; Global Strategy; Buildings and Facilities; Operations; Health Care and Treatment; Demand and Consumers; Global Range; Globalized Markets and Industries; Pharmaceutical Industry; Italy; China; United States; Germany
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      Roscini, Dante, and John Masko. "Hester Pharmaceuticals (B): Securing Supply." Harvard Business School Supplement 722-009, September 2021. (Revised October 2022.)
      • August 2021
      • Teaching Note

      Coats: Supply Chain Challenges

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 621-115.
      Faced with continuing cost pressure, should Coats, the world's largest thread maker, relocate some of its make-to-stock manufacturing to an ultra-low-cost region while leaving make-to-order demand close to customers?  View Details
      Keywords: Inventory Management; Supply Chain; Inventory; Supply Chain Management; Operations; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Asia
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      Shih, Willy C. "Coats: Supply Chain Challenges." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 622-034, August 2021.
      • Summer 2021
      • Article

      The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016

      By: Muhammad H. Zaman and Tarun Khanna
      This article examines the evolution of Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer Cipla towards producing drugs that met the quality standards of European and U.S. regulators. It employs new research in Cipla’s corporate archives, the Creating Emerging Markets database, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Cipla; Pharmaceuticals; Drug Quality; Generics; Quality; Standards; Information Technology; Cost; Organizational Culture; Business History; Pharmaceutical Industry; India
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      Zaman, Muhammad H., and Tarun Khanna. "The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016." Business History Review 95, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 249–274.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Activist pressure has prompted many companies to adopt formal corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, but can ongoing activist pressure influence whether companies effectively implement these policies? Drawing on and extending the private politics and...  View Details
      Keywords: Monitoring; Apparel Manufacturing; Protests; Activism; Union; Compensation; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Quality; Safety; Social Issues; Labor Unions; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; China
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-114, April 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • February 2021
      • Case

      Digital Manufacturing at Amgen

      By: Shane Greenstein, Kyle R. Myers and Sarah Mehta
      This case discusses efforts made by biotechnology (biotech) company Amgen to introduce digital technologies into its manufacturing processes. Doing so is complicated by the fact that the process for manufacturing biologics—or therapeutics made from living cells—is...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Technologies; Change; Change Management; Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Decisions; Information; Analytics and Data Science; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Leadership; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Jobs and Positions; Knowledge; Leadership; Organizational Culture; Science; Strategy; Information Technology; Technology Adoption; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States; California; Puerto Rico; Rhode Island
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      Greenstein, Shane, Kyle R. Myers, and Sarah Mehta. "Digital Manufacturing at Amgen." Harvard Business School Case 621-008, February 2021.
      • Article

      Variety of Innovation in Global Value Chains

      By: Giulio Buciuni and Gary P. Pisano
      This article analyzes how the geography and organization of pre- and production stages in Global Value Chains (GVC) contribute to lead firms' innovation development. A novel approach in GVC studies is introduced based on transaction cost economics (TCE) and the...  View Details
      Keywords: GVC; Global Value Chains; Manufacturing; Production; Global Range; Innovation and Invention
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      Buciuni, Giulio, and Gary P. Pisano. "Variety of Innovation in Global Value Chains." Art. 101167. Journal of World Business 56, no. 2 (February 2021).
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel Fisher
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-422. TransDigm was a highly acquisitive company that manufactured a wide range of highly engineered aerospace parts for both military and commercial customers. Over the ten years ending in 2016, its stock price had increase ten times,...  View Details
      Keywords: Value Capturing; Pricing Strategy; Supplier Power; Buyer Power; Porter's Five Forces; Bargaining Power; Monopoly; Aerospace; Acquisition Strategy; Value Drivers; Ethical Behavior; Regulation; Growth Strategy; Business Ethics; Defense; Procurement; Sustainability; Value-Based Business Strategy; Acquisition; Ethics; Private Equity; Financial Strategy; Growth Management; Performance Evaluation; Business Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Horizontal Integration; Value Creation; Competitive Advantage; Aerospace Industry; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel Fisher. "TransDigm in 2017: The Beginning of the End or the End of the Beginning?" Harvard Business School Teaching Note 721-353, September 2020.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Lessons from the Impact of Price Regulation on the Pricing of Anticancer Drugs in Germany

      By: Victoria D. Lauenroth, Aaron S. Kesselheim, Ameet Sarpatwari and Ariel Dora Stern
      Worldwide spending on prescription drugs has increased dramatically in recent years. Although this increase has been particularly pronounced in the U.S., it remains largely unaddressed there. In Europe, however, different approaches to regulating drug prices have been...  View Details
      Keywords: Pharmaceuticals; Prescription Drug Costs; Drug Pricing; Access To Care; Cost Reduction; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Cost Management; Germany
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      Lauenroth, Victoria D., Aaron S. Kesselheim, Ameet Sarpatwari, and Ariel Dora Stern. "Lessons from the Impact of Price Regulation on the Pricing of Anticancer Drugs in Germany." Health Affairs 39, no. 7 (July 2020): 1185–1193.
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