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- 2020
- Working Paper
How Do CEOs Make Strategy?
We explore the critical question of how executives make strategic decisions. Utilizing a new survey of 262 CEO alumni of Harvard Business School, we gather evidence on four aspects of each executive’s business strategy: its overall structure, its formalization, its...
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- October 2020
- Technical Note
Organizational Reinvention
By: Ryan Raffaelli
This note is designed to introduce students to the fundamental concepts of leading innovation in established organizations. Reinvention is a process whereby organizations respond to changes in the environment that threaten their core business model, technologies,...
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- March 2020
- Article
Do Managers Matter? A Natural Experiment from 42 R&D Labs in India
By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna and Christos A. Makridis
We exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the staggered entry of new managers into India’s 42 public R&D labs between 1994 and 2006 to study how alignment between the CEO and middle-level managers affect research productivity. We show that the introduction of new lab...
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- Article
Creating Firm Disclosures
By: Amir Amel-Zadeh, Alexandra Scherf and Eugene F. Soltes
Managers expend significant time and effort preparing disclosures about firm performance and strategy. Although prior literature has explored how variation in the style and presentation of disclosures impacts investors' perceptions of firms, little is known about how...
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- 2019
- Working Paper
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 8 Rationalizing Flow Processes
The purpose of this chapter is to examine the value structure of flow production processes and to explain why it is necessary to rationalize flow processes using the tools of systematic management. I first explain the problems facing managers of multi-step flow...
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- 2019
- Working Paper
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 9 Organizing to Rationalize
The purpose of this chapter is to explain what the technologies of flow production with stochastic bottlenecks require and reward in organizations. I argue that organizations successfully implementing these technologies are likely to have unified governance and...
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- September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
- Case
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...
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Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Social Networking;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International Relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism And News Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- 2020
- Working Paper
Team Learning and Superior Firm Performance: A Meso-Level Perspective on Dynamic Capabilities
By: Jean-François Harvey, Henrik Bresman, Amy C. Edmondson and Gary P. Pisano
This paper proposes a team-based, meso-level perspective on dynamic capabilities. We argue that team-learning routines constitute a critical link between managerial cognition and organization-level processes of sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring. We draw from the...
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- March 2018
- Article
Making the Numbers? 'Short Termism' and the Puzzle of Only Occasional Disaster
By: Hazhir Rahmandad, Rebecca Henderson and Nelson P. Repenning
Much recent work in strategy and popular discussion suggests that an excessive focus on "managing the numbers"—delivering quarterly earnings at the expense of longer-term investments—makes it difficult for firms to make the investments necessary to build competitive...
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- March 2018
- Article
In Pursuit of Enhanced Customer Retention Management: Review, Key Issues, and Future Directions
By: Eva Ascarza, Scott A. Neslin, Oded Netzer, Zachery Anderson, Peter S. Fader, Sunil Gupta, Bruce Hardie, Aurelie Lemmens, Barak Libai, David T. Neal, Foster Provost and Rom Schrift
In today’s turbulent business environment, customer retention presents a significant challenge for many service companies. Academics have generated a large body of research that addresses part of that challenge—with a particular focus on predicting customer churn....
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- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 717-473.
In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and...
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Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International Relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism And News Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- September–October 2017
- Article
Why Do We Undervalue Competent Management?: Neither Great Leadership Nor Brilliant Strategy Matters Without Operational Excellence
By: Raffaella Sadun, Nicholas Bloom and John Van Reenen
A recurring message in business education is that you can’t compete on the basis of management processes because they’re easily copied. Operational effectiveness is table stakes in the competitive universe, it is often assumed, and thus cannot serve as a sustainable...
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- March 2017 (Revised September 2017)
- Case
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells and Carole A. Winkler
In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and many attributed Trump’s victory to...
View Details
Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Social Networking;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International Relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism And News Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- January–February 2017
- Article
Buying Your Way into Entrepreneurship
By: Richard S. Ruback and Royce Yudkoff
An increasingly popular route to success as a small business owner is “acquisition entrepreneurship”—buying and running an existing operation. If you’re considering such a path, the authors offer practical advice for each stage of the process. Think it through. Do you...
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- October 2016
- Technical Note
Product Development Fundamentals
By: Marco Iansiti, Michael Toffel, Kerry Herman and Julia Kelley
This note introduces key managerial issues in new product development. It describes the product development funnel and alternative approaches to structuring product development teams including functional, lightweight, heavyweight, and autonomous/dedicated teams, which...
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- Article
Why Leadership Training Fails—and What to Do about It
By: Michael Beer, Magnus Finnström and Derek Schrader
U.S. corporations spend enormous amounts of money—some $456 billion globally in 2015 alone—on employee training and education, but they aren't getting a good return on their investment. People soon revert to old ways of doing things, and company performance doesn't...
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- 2016
- Working Paper
Innovation Adoption and Organizational Identity: Identity Dynamism as a Strategic Resource for Top Management Team Decision Making
By: Ryan Raffaelli, Mary Ann Glynn and Michael Tushman
Organizations continuously face decisions about whether to adopt radical innovations. We examine the relationship between innovation adoption and identity, linking identity with firm strategy to explain innovation adoption over time. We conceptualize identity as...
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- October 2016
- Article
Looking Across and Looking Beyond the Knowledge Frontier: Intellectual Distance and Resource Allocation in Science
By: Kevin J. Boudreau, Eva Guinan, Karim R. Lakhani and Christoph Riedl
Selecting among alternative innovative projects is a core management task in all innovating organizations. In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of frontier scientific research projects. We argue that the "intellectual distance" between the knowledge embodied in...
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- August 2016 (Revised March 2018)
- Case
Videojet (A)
In 2005 Craig Purse, the CEO of Videojet, a company recently acquired by the conglomerate Danaher, is dealing with the unexpected failure of a new high-tech printer just launched in the market. The new product exemplified the first real instance in which the Videojet...
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- August 2016
- Supplement
Videojet (B)
In 2005 Craig Purse, the CEO of Videojet, a company recently acquired by the conglomerate Danaher, is dealing with the unexpected failure of a new high tech printer just launched in the market. The new product exemplified the first real instance in which the Videojet...
View Details