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      • December 2022 (Revised January 2023)
      • Case

      Cann: High Hopes for Cannabis Infused Beverages

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
      Founded in 2018 by Jake Bullock and Luke Anderson, Cann sold “social tonics,” or cannabis-infused beverages. By 2022, the company had several notable celebrity investors and talent partners, had sold over 10 million beverages to consumers, was distributing in six...  View Details
      Keywords: Stigma; Product Innovation; Product Introduction; Product Differentiation; New Products; New Product Marketing; New Product Management; Brand Management; Branding; Packaging; Positioning; Growth Strategy And Execution; Growth; Cannabis Industry; Purpose; Purpose Brands; LGBTQ; Direct-to-consumer; DTC; Regulations; Channels Of Distribution; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Product; Innovation and Invention; Brands and Branding; Marketing; Marketing Communications; Marketing Channels; Advertising; Advertising Campaigns; Digital Marketing; Market Entry and Exit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Canada; North America
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne V. Wilson. "Cann: High Hopes for Cannabis Infused Beverages." Harvard Business School Case 523-074, December 2022. (Revised January 2023.)
      • July 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      Athletic Brewing Company: Crafting the U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beer Category

      By: Ayelet Israeli and Anne V. Wilson
      Athletic Brewing Company (“Athletic,” for short) was founded by Bill Shufelt and John Walker in 2017. In creating Athletic, Shufelt and Walker opened the first U.S. brewery and taproom fully devoted to the production of non-alcoholic (NA) craft beer. By 2021, Athletic...  View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Brands and Branding; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Positioning; Product Launch; Product Design; Product; Competition; Marketing; Entrepreneurship; Growth Management; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Culture; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Israeli, Ayelet, and Anne V. Wilson. "Athletic Brewing Company: Crafting the U.S. Non-Alcoholic Beer Category." Harvard Business School Case 523-021, July 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Capitalism and the Environment

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      Capitalism drove the environmental decimation of the planet. The environment was seen as a free good, while the consequences of dirty industrial and agricultural processes were seen as external to the firm. Public policies largely allowed this to happen, as politicians...  View Details
      Keywords: History; Environment; Sustainability; Capitalism; Ethics; Business History; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Climate Change
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Capitalism and the Environment." Chap. 8 in Evolutions of Capitalism: Historical Perspectives: 1200–2000, edited by Catherine Casson and Philipp Robinson Rössner, 187–211. Bristol, United Kingdom: Bristol University Press, 2022.
      • Article

      Democratizing Work: Redistributing Power in Organizations for a Democratic and Sustainable Future

      By: Julie Battilana, Julie Yen, Isabelle Ferreras and Lakshmi Ramarajan
      Environmental destruction and social inequalities are increasingly urgent challenges. How can corporations, which have played a key role in creating and reproducing these problems, be part of the solution? In this paper, we advance that a shift to more democratic forms...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Citizenship; Corporate Social Responsibility; CSP; CSR; Domination; Industrial Relations; Power; Resistance; Work; Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Governance; Power and Influence; Environmental Management; Social Issues
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      Battilana, Julie, Julie Yen, Isabelle Ferreras, and Lakshmi Ramarajan. "Democratizing Work: Redistributing Power in Organizations for a Democratic and Sustainable Future." Organization Theory 3, no. 1 (January–March 2022).
      • Fall 2021
      • Article

      Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991

      By: Sudev Sheth, Geoffrey Jones and Morgan Spencer
      This article examines how the film industry influenced prevailing gender and skin color stereotypes in India during the first four decades after Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India, shared Hollywood's privileging of paler skin...  View Details
      Keywords: Bollywood; Film Industry; Hollywood; Tamil Cinema; Male Gaze; Stereotypes; Social Impact; Gender; Race; Ethnicity; Film Entertainment; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; India; United States
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      Sheth, Sudev, Geoffrey Jones, and Morgan Spencer. "Emboldening and Contesting Gender and Skin Color Stereotypes in the Film Industry in India, 1947–1991." Business History Review 95, no. 3 (Fall 2021): 483–515.
      • April 2021
      • Background Note

      HEAD vs. LEAD: Disruptions Originating at the High- vs. Low-End of the Market

      By: Elie Ofek, Olivier Toubia and Didier Toubia
      Twenty five years after it was initially proposed, Clay Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation continues to be a major reference for entrepreneurs, corporate innovators, and investors. However, the term “disruptive innovation” is often used in ways and contexts...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Entry; New Product Management; Targeting; Disruptive Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Entrepreneurship; Product; Management; Innovation Strategy; Technology
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      Ofek, Elie, Olivier Toubia, and Didier Toubia. "HEAD vs. LEAD: Disruptions Originating at the High- vs. Low-End of the Market." Harvard Business School Background Note 521-104, April 2021.
      • February 2021 (Revised September 2022)
      • Case

      White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches

      By: Jill Avery
      By the end of 2019, two brands accounted for 84% of hard seltzer sales, a segment that had recently taken the U.S. beer market by storm, growing from $3 million in 2015 to over $2.7 billion by the start of the summer of 2020. White Claw was the dominant market leader...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Alcoholic Beverages; Beer/brewing Industry; Brand Positioning; Growth; Competitive Positioning; Consumer Products; Beverage Industry; Value Proposition; Marketing; Brands and Branding; Competition; Product Positioning; Competitive Strategy; Consumer Behavior; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill. "White Claw: Defending Market Share as Competition Encroaches." Harvard Business School Case 521-073, February 2021. (Revised September 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Bollywood, Skin Color and Sexism: The Role of the Film Industry in Emboldening and Contesting Stereotypes in India after Independence

      By: Sudev Sheth, Geoffrey Jones and Morgan Spencer
      This working paper examines the social impact of the film industry in India during the first four decades after Indian Independence in 1947. It shows that Bollywood, the mainstream cinema in India and the counterpart in scale to Hollywood in the United States, shared...  View Details
      Keywords: Film Industry; Bollywood; Tamil Cinema; Male Gaze; Social Impact; Stereotypes; Oral History; Film Entertainment; Gender; Race; Personal Characteristics; Prejudice and Bias; Business History; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; India
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      Sheth, Sudev, Geoffrey Jones, and Morgan Spencer. "Bollywood, Skin Color and Sexism: The Role of the Film Industry in Emboldening and Contesting Stereotypes in India after Independence." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-077, January 2021.
      • April 2020
      • Case

      Apple Inc. in 2020

      By: David B. Yoffie and Daniel Fisher
      After a decade as CEO, Tim Cook is facing one of his biggest strategic transitions of his tenure. While Apple had performed spectacularly well under Cook, Apple's core business was maturing. Sales of iPhones, iPads, and Macs were flat or down. However, Apple's new...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Market Positioning; Marketing Implementation; Planning; Products; Strategic Positioning; Strategy; Information Technology; Competitive Strategy; Technological Innovation; Competitive Advantage; Product Positioning; Communication; Competition; Leadership; Strategic Planning; Computer Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Daniel Fisher. "Apple Inc. in 2020." Harvard Business School Case 720-454, April 2020.
      • January 2020
      • Case

      SK Group: Social Progress Credits

      By: George Serafeim, Ethan Rouen and David Freiberg
      SK Group was one of the largest companies South Korea. A family-run conglomerate consisting of around 120 subsidiaries and employing more than 100,000, SK was tightly knit into the fabric of Korean society. SK viewed their future success as contingent upon the strength...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact; Impact Investing; Impact Measurement; Social Value; Social Development; Conglomerates; Measurement Of Purpose; ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Capital Markets; Innovation; Environmental Impact; Collaboration; Social Enterprise; Social and Collaborative Networks; Social Issues; Measurement and Metrics; Value Creation; Cooperation; Environmental Sustainability; Employment; Accounting; Energy Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Chemical Industry; South Korea
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      Serafeim, George, Ethan Rouen, and David Freiberg. "SK Group: Social Progress Credits." Harvard Business School Case 120-071, January 2020.
      • January 2019 (Revised March 2021)
      • Case

      SoundCloud: Subscription Streaming?

      By: Ashish Nanda, Eric Van den Steen, Andy Wu, Jeffrey Boyar and Bonnie Bennett Slater
      Established in 2007, SoundCloud already boasted the second largest number of active music listeners among all streaming services and was recognized as the go-to platform for new artists by early 2014. Yet, its founders were questioning the robustness of the firm’s...  View Details
      Keywords: Audio; Recording; Artist; Music; Music Downloads; Streaming; Radio; Subscription; Subscription Model; Mainstream; Growth; Lawsuit; Licensing; Customers; Platform; Pivot; Music Entertainment; Strategy; Leadership; Business Model; Decision Making; Advertising; Digital Platforms; Music Industry; Europe; Germany; Sweden; United States
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      Nanda, Ashish, Eric Van den Steen, Andy Wu, Jeffrey Boyar, and Bonnie Bennett Slater. "SoundCloud: Subscription Streaming?" Harvard Business School Case 719-430, January 2019. (Revised March 2021.)
      • Third Quarter 2018
      • Article

      Why and How Investors Use ESG Information: Evidence from a Global Survey

      By: Amir Amel-Zadeh and George Serafeim
      Using survey data from a sample of senior investment professionals from mainstream (i.e., not SRI funds) investment organizations, we provide insights into why and how investors use reported environmental, social, and governance (ESG) information. Relevance to...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Sustainability; Investment Management; Investment Strategy; Metrics; Standard Setting; Accounting Standards; Finance; Investment; Information; Environmental Sustainability; Governance; Performance Effectiveness; Strategy
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      Amel-Zadeh, Amir, and George Serafeim. "Why and How Investors Use ESG Information: Evidence from a Global Survey." Financial Analysts Journal 74, no. 3 (Third Quarter 2018): 87–103.
      • July–August 2018
      • Article

      From Niche to Mainstream (HBR Case Study)

      By: Elie Ofek
      A large Japanese snack maker faces challenges in marketing products in the US. Several options for jumpstarting sales are presented.  View Details
      Keywords: New Product Marketing; Retail Trade; Private Label; International Expansion; Cultural Branding; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Product Marketing; Expansion; Global Range; Brands and Branding; Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Retail Industry
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      Ofek, Elie. "From Niche to Mainstream (HBR Case Study)." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 4 (July–August 2018).
      • April 2018 (Revised May 2018)
      • Teaching Note

      Haier: Incubating Entrepreneurs in a Chinese Giant

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jonathan Cohen
      This Teaching Note helps instructors teach the HBS case, “Haier: Incubating Entrepreneurs in a Chinese Giant,” (HBS No. 318-104) presenting analysis of the case and a teaching plan to guide classroom discussions.  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Ecosystems; Entrepreneurs; Entrepreneurial Ventures; Innovation; Scaling; Global Corporate Cultures; Global; Cultural Context; Mainstream; Platform Strategies; Ecosystem; Digital; Internet Of Things; Business Model; Change Management; Disruption; Global Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Leading Change; Business Strategy; China
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jonathan Cohen. "Haier: Incubating Entrepreneurs in a Chinese Giant." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 318-140, April 2018. (Revised May 2018.)
      • Article

      Divided We Lead: CEO Activism Has Entered the Mainstream

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
      Leaders in all sectors, from business to sports to education, are increasingly wading into controversial political and social issues. Based on interviews with leaders who have made activism part of their core activities, we found that they feel compelled to address...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Values and Beliefs; Social Issues; Communication Strategy
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "Divided We Lead: CEO Activism Has Entered the Mainstream." Special Issue on HBR Big Idea: Leadership in a Hot-Button World. Harvard Business Review (website) (March–April 2018).
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      How Geography Shapes—and Is Shaped by—the Internet

      By: Shane Greenstein, Avi Goldfarb and Chris Forman
      Book Abstract: The first 15 years of the 21st century have thrown into sharp relief the challenges of growth, equity, stability, and sustainability facing the world economy. In addition, they have exposed the inadequacies of mainstream economics in providing answers to...  View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Geographic Location; Internet
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      Greenstein, Shane, Avi Goldfarb, and Chris Forman. "How Geography Shapes—and Is Shaped by—the Internet." In The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, edited by Gordon Clark, Maryann Feldman, Meric Gertler, and Dariusz Wojcik, 269–285. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
      • January 2018
      • Case

      Scaling Swagbucks (A)

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Matthew G. Preble
      In early 2014, Chuck Davis (HBS '86) has joined Swagbucks as its first professional CEO to scale a successful and profitable brand promotion and consumer research business. Davis came into the job while serving as a venture partner at TCV, a growth stage VC firm,...  View Details
      Keywords: Loyalty Management; Scaling; Scale; Entrepreneurship; Human Resources; Employees; Employee Relationship Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Design; Leading Change; Growth Management; Religion; Information Technology; Internet and the Web; Transition; Leadership; Web Services Industry; Technology Industry
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Matthew G. Preble. "Scaling Swagbucks (A)." Harvard Business School Case 818-070, January 2018.
      • January–February 2018
      • Article

      Inclusive Growth: Profitable Strategies for Tackling Poverty and Inequality

      By: Robert S. Kaplan, George Serafeim and Eduardo Tugendhat
      More than a billion people in the developing world remain in extreme poverty and outside the formal economy. Traditional CSR programs have done little to alleviate the situation and rarely produce transformative change.
      Instead of trying to fix local problems,...  View Details
      Keywords: Inclusive Growth; Sustainability; Social Impact; Business Strategy; Shared Value; Impact Investing; Inequality; Corporate Governance; Balanced Scorecard; Strategy Execution; Economic Growth; Developing Countries and Economies; Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Strategy; Investment
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      Kaplan, Robert S., George Serafeim, and Eduardo Tugendhat. "Inclusive Growth: Profitable Strategies for Tackling Poverty and Inequality." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 1 (January–February 2018): 127–133.
      • 2017
      • Article

      Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing

      By: Michael Y. Lee and Amy C. Edmondson
      Fascination with organizations that eschew the conventional managerial hierarchy and instead radically decentralize authority has been longstanding, albeit at the margins of scholarly and practitioner attention. Recently, however, organizational experiments in radical...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-Managed Organizations; Self-Managed Teams; Self-organizing Systems; Self-managing Organizations; Flat Organization; Decentralization; Organization Design; Non-hierarchical Organizations; Less-hierarchical Organizing; Organizational Structure; Organizational Design; Research
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      Lee, Michael Y., and Amy C. Edmondson. "Self-Managing Organizations: Exploring the Limits of Less-Hierarchical Organizing." Research in Organizational Behavior 37 (2017): 35–58.
      • June 2017
      • Teaching Note

      IBM Transforming, 2012–2016: Ginni Rometty Steers Watson

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Jonathan Cohen
      Ginni Rometty, who became IBM CEO in 2012, led efforts to transform the company around cognitive computing and the AI platform Watson. This Teaching Note helps instructors understand and teach the Harvard Business School case “IBM Transforming, 2012–2016: Ginni Rometty...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital; Technological Change; Artificial Intelligence; Data; IBM; Watson; Internet Of Things; Innovation and Invention; Management; Sales; Information Technology; Technological Innovation; Transformation; AI and Machine Learning
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Jonathan Cohen. "IBM Transforming, 2012–2016: Ginni Rometty Steers Watson." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 317-126, June 2017.
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