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  • All HBS Web  (227)
    • Faculty Publications  (47)

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    • All HBS Web  (227)
      • Faculty Publications  (47)

      Legitimacy Remove Legitimacy →

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      • August 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Political Legitimacy and Global Capital Markets: Malaysia’s 1MDB (A) and (B)

      By: Meg Rithmire
      Teaching note for HBS Case Nos. 720-030 and 721-042.  View Details
      Keywords: Malaysia
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      Rithmire, Meg. "Political Legitimacy and Global Capital Markets: Malaysia’s 1MDB (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 723-005, August 2022.
      • July 2022
      • Teaching Note

      The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-055. When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique...  View Details
      Keywords: Female; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Health & Wellness; Healthcare; Price Policies; Minimum Advertised Price; Differentiation; Positioning; Growth; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Disruption; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Competitive Strategy; Competition; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Advertising; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Retail Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Health Industry; Green Technology Industry; Education Industry; Distribution Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Canada; United States; United Kingdom
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 523-008, July 2022.
      • 2022
      • Chapter

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Globalization; Policy; Economic Systems; Balance and Stability; Europe; European Union; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." In The Downfall of the American Order? edited by Peter J. Katzenstein and Jonathan Kirshner, 105–123. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2022.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Expanding the Entrepreneurial Cultural Toolkit: The Temporal Interplay of the Substantive and the Symbolic

      By: Rebecca Karp and Siobhan O'Mahony
      Much research shows how entrepreneurs leverage symbolic toolkits via storytelling and narratives to convince resource providers of their venture’s legitimacy. Although investors’ legitimacy concerns may be initially met with symbolic actions, it is unclear whether...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Sales; Entrepreneurship And Strategy; Entrepreneurship; Technological Innovation; Customers; Acquisition
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      Karp, Rebecca, and Siobhan O'Mahony. "Expanding the Entrepreneurial Cultural Toolkit: The Temporal Interplay of the Substantive and the Symbolic." Working Paper, September 2021.
      • March 2021
      • Supplement

      Political Legitimacy and Global Capital Markets: Malaysia's 1MDB (B)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Courtney Han
      Keywords: Malaysia
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Courtney Han. "Political Legitimacy and Global Capital Markets: Malaysia's 1MDB (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-042, March 2021.
      • January–February 2021
      • Article

      Making Space for Emotions: Empathy, Contagion, and Legitimacy’s Double-Edged Sword

      By: Andreea Gorbatai, Cyrus Dioun and Kisha Lashley
      Legitimacy is critical to the formation and expansion of nascent fields because it lends credibility and recognizability to once overlooked actors and practices. At the same time, legitimacy can be a double-edged sword precisely because it facilitates field growth,...  View Details
      Keywords: Legitimacy; Collective Identity; Emotional Contagion; Field-congifiguring Events; Empathy; Natural Language Processing; Mixed Methods; Organizational Culture; Emotions; Groups and Teams
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      Gorbatai, Andreea, Cyrus Dioun, and Kisha Lashley. "Making Space for Emotions: Empathy, Contagion, and Legitimacy’s Double-Edged Sword." Organization Science 32, no. 1 (January–February 2021): 42–63.
      • August 2020
      • Article

      Trust in State and Non-State Actors: Evidence from Dispute Resolution in Pakistan

      By: Daron Acemoglu, Ali Cheema, Asim I. Khwaja and James A. Robinson
      Lack of trust in state institutions is a pervasive problem in many developing countries. This paper investigates whether information about improved public services can help build trust in state institutions and move people away from non-state actors. We find that...  View Details
      Keywords: Dispute Resolution; Lab-in-the-field Games; Legitimacy; Motivated Reasoning; Non-state Actors; State Capacity; Trust; Conflict and Resolution; Information; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Acemoglu, Daron, Ali Cheema, Asim I. Khwaja, and James A. Robinson. "Trust in State and Non-State Actors: Evidence from Dispute Resolution in Pakistan." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 8 (August 2020): 3090–3147.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      Every order is a bargain with disappointments and trade-offs. Thus is every order an unstable equilibrium. The first era of globalization, circa 1870–1914, created both international prosperity and domestic instability. That instability was fully realized during the...  View Details
      Keywords: Centrism; Populism; Globalization; History; Balance and Stability; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Learning
      Citation
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Of Learning and Forgetting: Centrism, Populism, and the Legitimacy Crisis of Globalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-008, July 2020.
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model

      By: Rory McDonald and Kathleen Eisenhardt
      Prior research advances several explanations for entrepreneurial success in nascent markets but leaves a key imperative unexplored: the business model. By studying five ventures in the same nascent market, we develop a novel theoretical framework for understanding how...  View Details
      Keywords: Search; Legitimacy; Organizational Innovation; Organizational Learning; Mechanisms And Processes; Institutional Entrepreneurship; Qualitative Methods; Business Model Design; Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Adaptation; Competition; Strategy
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      McDonald, Rory, and Kathleen Eisenhardt. "Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 2 (June 2020): 483–523.
      • March 2020 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Political Legitimacy and Global Capital Markets: Malaysia's 1MDB (A)

      By: Meg Rithmire and Courtney Han
      In May 2018, Malaysia’s 14th General Election saw a change of power that many thought they would never witness in their lifetimes. The political party that had ruled Malaysia for 60 year was kicked out of office by a 92 year-old challenger, Mahathir Mohamed, who had...  View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Crime and Corruption; Financial Markets; Malaysia
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      Rithmire, Meg, and Courtney Han. "Political Legitimacy and Global Capital Markets: Malaysia's 1MDB (A)." Harvard Business School Case 720-030, March 2020. (Revised February 2023.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Recognition Incentives for Internal Crowdsourcing: A Field Experiment at NASA

      By: Jana Gallus, Olivia S. Jung and Karim R. Lakhani
      What might motivate employees to participate in internal crowdsourcing, a peer-based approach to innovation? Should organizations use incentives that are congruent with their established hierarchical structures, or should they use incentives that are aligned with the...  View Details
      Keywords: Online Platforms; Employee Engagement; Managerial Recognition; Innovation and Management; Employees; Motivation and Incentives
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      Gallus, Jana, Olivia S. Jung, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Recognition Incentives for Internal Crowdsourcing: A Field Experiment at NASA." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-059, November 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • November–December 2019
      • Article

      Pivoting Isn't Enough? Managing Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures

      By: Rory McDonald and Cheng Gao
      New ventures often experience deviations from their plans that oblige them to reorient in pursuit of better fit between their evolving products and their target customers. Yet research is largely silent on how managers explain such changes and justify their ventures in...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Reorientation; Technology Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Product Development Processes; Organizational Adaptation; Qualitative Methods (General); Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategy; Innovation and Invention; Product Development; Communication Strategy
      Citation
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      McDonald, Rory, and Cheng Gao. "Pivoting Isn't Enough? Managing Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures." Organization Science 30, no. 6 (November–December 2019): 1289–1318.
      • March 2019 (Revised April 2021)
      • Case

      The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth

      By: Ayelet Israeli
      When the mother-daughter founders of DivaCup set out with a mission to disrupt the menstrual care industry with an innovative product form, they initially struggled to gain legitimacy and convince retailers to carry their unique product. Fifteen years later, the...  View Details
      Keywords: Female; Female Ceo; Female Entrepreneur; Female Protagonist; Health & Wellness; Healthcare; Price Policies; Minimum Advertised Price; Differentiation; Positioning; Growth; Health; Health Care and Treatment; Price; Disruption; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Competitive Strategy; Competition; Growth Management; Mission and Purpose; Product Development; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Advertising; Business Startups; Internet and the Web; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Social Issues; Social Enterprise; Retail Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Health Industry; Green Technology Industry; Education Industry; Distribution Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Canada; United States; United Kingdom
      Citation
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      Israeli, Ayelet. "The DivaCup: Navigating Distribution and Growth." Harvard Business School Case 519-055, March 2019. (Revised April 2021.)
      • September 2017
      • Article

      The Advocacy Trap: When Legitimacy Building Inhibits Organizational Learning

      By: Tiona Zuzul and Amy C. Edmondson
      This paper describes a relationship between legitimacy building and learning for a new firm in a nascent industry. Through a longitudinal study of a new firm in the nascent smart city industry, we found that the firm failed to make progress on important internal...  View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Learning; Advocacy; Organizations; Learning; Organizational Culture; Entrepreneurship
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      Zuzul, Tiona, and Amy C. Edmondson. "The Advocacy Trap: When Legitimacy Building Inhibits Organizational Learning." Academy of Management Discoveries 3, no. 3 (September 2017): 302–321.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Class Matters: The Role of Social Class and Organizational Sector in High-Achieving Women's Legitimacy Narratives

      By: Judith A. Clair, Kathleen L. McGinn, Beth K. Humberd, Rachel D. Arnett and Katherine Chen
      While prior research recognizes that women struggle to maintain legitimacy for their successes and that self-narratives play a key role in building such legitimacy, theory provides limited insight into how women build legitimacy through their self-narratives. Our...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Gender; Success; Diversity; Perception; Situation or Environment
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      Clair, Judith A., Kathleen L. McGinn, Beth K. Humberd, Rachel D. Arnett, and Katherine Chen. "Class Matters: The Role of Social Class and Organizational Sector in High-Achieving Women's Legitimacy Narratives." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-014, August 2018. (Revised August 2018 for requested resubmission.)
      • March 2017 (Revised April 2021)
      • Module Note

      Responsibilities to Society

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh
      This module note for students outlines an approach to help managers deliver on their responsibilities in relation to society. The approach frames these responsibilities in terms of potential harms to third parties beyond investors, customers, and employees. The...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Political Activity; Corporate Social Responsibility; Human Rights; Role Of Business In Society; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Ethics; Business and Community Relations; Rights; Society
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê. "Responsibilities to Society." Harvard Business School Module Note 317-065, March 2017. (Revised April 2021.)
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Meet the Oligarchs: Business Legitimacy, State Capacity and Taxation

      By: Rafael Di Tella, Juan Dubra and Alejandro Lagomarsino
      We analyze the role of people’s beliefs about the rich in the determination of public policy in the context of a randomized online survey experiment. A question we study is the desirability of government-private sector meetings, a variable we argue is connected to...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Legitimacy; State Capacity; Meetings; Taxes; Top 1%; Regulation; Prejudice and Bias; Values and Beliefs; Taxation; Business and Government Relations
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      Di Tella, Rafael, Juan Dubra, and Alejandro Lagomarsino. "Meet the Oligarchs: Business Legitimacy, State Capacity and Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-046, December 2016.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Pivoting Isn't Enough: Principled Pragmatism and Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures

      By: Rory McDonald and Cheng Gao
      New technology ventures often experience deviations from their original plans that oblige them to reorient in pursuit of better fit between their evolving products and target customers. Yet research is largely silent on how entrepreneurs explain and justify their...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Reorientation; Technology Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Product Development Processes; Organizational Adaptation; Qualitative Methods (General); Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Communication; Entrepreneurship; Alignment; Innovation and Invention; Product Development
      Citation
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      McDonald, Rory, and Cheng Gao. "Pivoting Isn't Enough: Principled Pragmatism and Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-031, October 2016.
      • Article

      ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities

      By: Sakis Kotsantonis, Christopher Pinney and George Serafeim
      The authors’ aim in this article is to set the record straight on the financial performance of sustainable investing while also correcting a number of other widespread misconceptions about this rapidly growing set of principles and methods. Myth Number 1:...  View Details
      Keywords: ESG; Sustainability; Investment Management; Finance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Investment; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance
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      Kotsantonis, Sakis, Christopher Pinney, and George Serafeim. "ESG Integration in Investment Management: Myths and Realities." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 28, no. 2 (Spring 2016): 10–16.
      • Article

      The Scandal Effect

      By: Boris Groysberg, Eric Lin, George Serafeim and Robin Abrahams
      Executives with scandal-tainted companies on their résumés pay a penalty on the job market, even if they clearly had nothing to do with the trouble. Because the scandal effect is lasting, a company you left long ago could have an impact on your current and future job...  View Details
      Keywords: Misconduct; Career; Career Management; Career Changes; Executive Leadership; Executive Development; Crime and Corruption; Executive Compensation; Personal Development and Career; Management Skills; Management Teams
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      Groysberg, Boris, Eric Lin, George Serafeim, and Robin Abrahams. "The Scandal Effect." Harvard Business Review 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 90–98.
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