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    • All HBS Web  (202)
      • Faculty Publications  (36)

      Layoffs Remove Layoffs →

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      • December 8, 2022
      • Article

      What Companies Still Get Wrong about Layoffs

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Marilyn Morgan Westner
      Research has long shown that layoffs have a detrimental effect on individuals and on corporate performance. The short-term cost savings provided by a layoff are often overshadowed by bad publicity, loss of knowledge, weakened engagement, higher voluntary turnover, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Resignation and Termination; Employment; Selection and Staffing; Performance
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Marilyn Morgan Westner. "What Companies Still Get Wrong about Layoffs." Harvard Business Review (website) (December 8, 2022).
      • January 2021
      • Article

      State and Local Government Employment in the COVID-19 Crisis

      By: Daniel Green and Erik Loualiche
      Local governments are facing large losses in revenues and increased expenditures because of the COVID-19 crisis. We document a causal relationship between fiscal pressures induced by COVID-19 and the layoffs of state and local government workers. States that depend...  View Details
      Keywords: Local Government; Municipal Finance; Public Finance; Fiscal Capacity; Fiscal Policy; Governance; Local Range; Health Pandemics; Employment; Finance; Policy; Public Sector
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      Green, Daniel, and Erik Loualiche. "State and Local Government Employment in the COVID-19 Crisis." Art. 104321. Journal of Public Economics 193 (January 2021).
      • Article

      The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations

      By: Alexander Bartik, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
      To explore the impact of COVID on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred—just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Stimulus; CARES Act; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Surveys
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      Bartik, Alexander, Marianne Bertrand, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Small Business Outcomes and Expectations." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 30 (July 28, 2020): 17656–66.
      • July 2019
      • Teaching Note

      AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

      By: William R. Kerr and Carl Kreitzberg
      A Teaching Note for the "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow" case study (HBS#820-017). The case describes how AT&T designed and implemented a program to retrain 100,000 of its workers. The case first reviews the technological forces that compelled AT&T to...  View Details
      Keywords: AT&T; Workforce; Future Of Work; Telecommunications; Unions; Technological Change; Layoffs; MOOCS; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; Labor; Learning; Labor Unions; Technology Adoption; Talent and Talent Management; Transformation; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William R., and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 820-018, July 2019.
      • July 2019 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

      By: William R. Kerr, Joseph B. Fuller and Carl Kreitzberg
      By the late 2000s, rapid changes in the telecommunications industry forced AT&T’s management team to take on a task that CEO Randall Stephenson called the “biggest logistical challenge” they had ever seen: retraining 100,000 workers by 2020. In 2012, internal company...  View Details
      Keywords: AT&T; Workforce; Skills; Future Of Work; Telecommunications; Unions; Technological Change; Layoffs; MOOCS; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; Competency and Skills; Labor; Learning; Labor Unions; Technology Adoption; Talent and Talent Management; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William R., Joseph B. Fuller, and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Case 820-017, July 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Labor Market Shocks and the Demand for Trade Protection: Evidence from Online Surveys

      By: Rafael Di Tella and Dani Rodrik
      We study preferences for government action in response to layoffs resulting from different types of labor-market shocks. We consider the following shocks: technological change, a demand shift, bad management, and three kinds of international outsourcing. Respondents...  View Details
      Keywords: Labor; Markets; System Shocks; Trade; Attitudes; Surveys
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      Di Tella, Rafael, and Dani Rodrik. "Labor Market Shocks and the Demand for Trade Protection: Evidence from Online Surveys." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25705, March 2019.
      • October 2018 (Revised March 2019)
      • Background Note

      Note on Managing Workforce Reductions

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Carin-Isabel Knoop
      Each individual who enters an organization will, at some point, leave. And yet most future leaders spend significantly more effort learning about recruiting than departures, despite the sensitivity and challenges associated with the latter. This note is intended to...  View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Downsizing; Workforce; Workforce Reductions; Delayering; Human Resources; Employees; Resignation and Termination; Management; Organizations; Reputation
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Note on Managing Workforce Reductions." Harvard Business School Background Note 419-039, October 2018. (Revised March 2019.)
      • May 2018
      • Teaching Note

      AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

      By: Daniel P. Gross and William R. Kerr
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-486.  View Details
      Keywords: AT&T; Bell Telephone; Phone Lines; Phone Operators; Mechanical Switching; Layoffs; Technological Change; Transition; History; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Disruption; Change Management; Communications Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
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      Gross, Daniel P., and William R. Kerr. "AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 718-518, May 2018.
      • May–June 2018
      • Article

      Layoffs That Don't Break Your Company: Better Approaches to Workforce Transition

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Shalene Gupta
      Today layoffs have become companies’ default response to the challenges created by advances in technology and global competition. Yet research shows that job cuts rarely help senior leaders achieve their goals. Too often, they’re done for short-term gain, but the cost...  View Details
      Keywords: Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Employees; Transition; Strategic Planning
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Shalene Gupta. "Layoffs That Don't Break Your Company: Better Approaches to Workforce Transition." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 3 (May–June 2018): 122–129.
      • January 2018 (Revised May 2018)
      • Case

      AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century

      By: Daniel P. Gross and William R. Kerr
      By the 1930s, AT&T dominated the American phone industry, serving 10 million telephones and employing over 100,000 switchboard operators. But beginning in the mid-1910s, the company began changing from manually operated switchboards to mechanical switching systems that...  View Details
      Keywords: AT&T; Bell Telephone; Phone Lines; Phone Operators; Mechanical Switching; Layoffs; Technological Change; Transition; History; Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Information Technology; Disruption; Change Management; Communications Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
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      Gross, Daniel P., and William R. Kerr. "AT&T: Managing Technological Change and the Future of Telephone Operators in the 20th Century." Harvard Business School Case 718-486, January 2018. (Revised May 2018.)
      • July 2017 (Revised September 2017)
      • Case

      Donald Trump Calls Carrier Corporation

      By: Andy Zelleke and Brian Tilley
      This case examines the influence of political pressure on corporate decision-making. It questions whether fidelity to domestic operations ought to be a corporate social responsibility, and thus it challenges the limits of “social responsibility” as a corporate ideal....  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Board Decisions; Political Influence; Layoffs; Offshoring And Outsourcing; Manufacturing; United States; Mexico; Governing and Advisory Boards; Decision Making; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Political Elections; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Governance; Technology Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Connecticut; Indiana; Mexico
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      Zelleke, Andy, and Brian Tilley. "Donald Trump Calls Carrier Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 318-030, July 2017. (Revised September 2017.)
      • October 2016
      • Supplement

      Moshe Kahlon: Telecommunications Reform and Competition in Israel's Cellular Market (B)

      By: Joshua Margolis, Amram Migdal and Kerry Herman
      The case complements “Moshe Kahlon: Telecommunications Reform and Competition in Israel’s Cellular Market (A),” HBS case number 417-017, which addresses reforms to regulations in Israel’s telecommunications industry initiated and implemented under the leadership of...  View Details
      Keywords: Market Reform; Political Leadership; Industry Regulation; Regulatory Reforms; Economic Sectors; Private Sector; Public Sector; Values and Beliefs; Ethics; Geography; Geopolitical Units; Country; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Government Legislation; Leadership; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Market Design; Market Participation; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Supply and Industry; Industry Structures; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; Public Administration Industry; Israel
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      Margolis, Joshua, Amram Migdal, and Kerry Herman. "Moshe Kahlon: Telecommunications Reform and Competition in Israel's Cellular Market (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 417-018, October 2016.
      • December 2015
      • Teaching Note

      Nokia's Bridge Program (A) & (B)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      This teaching note is designed to be used in conjunction with the cases "Nokia's Bridge Program: Redesigning Layoffs (A)," HBS No. 615-013, and "Nokia's Bridge Program: Outcome and Results (B)," HBS No. 615-014. Instructors could also assign "Layoffs: Effects on Key...  View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Plant Closure; Outplacement; Shared Value; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Business Exit or Shutdown
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Nokia's Bridge Program (A) & (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 316-114, December 2015.
      • February 2015 (Revised May 2015)
      • Supplement

      Nokia's Bridge Program: Outcome and Results (B)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      Nokia's leaders reflect on the Bridge program, lessons learned during its implementation, and the business benefits it brought to the company. Nokia's Bridge program resulted in 60% of employees knowing their next step the day they exited the firm. It also helped...  View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Plant Closure; Outplacement; Shared Value; Business or Company Management; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Restructuring; Employee Relationship Management; Telecommunications Industry
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Nokia's Bridge Program: Outcome and Results (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 315-003, February 2015. (Revised May 2015.)
      • February 2015 (Revised August 2016)
      • Case

      Nokia's Bridge Program: Redesigning Layoffs (A)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      "Not another Bochum." Nokia Board Chairman Jorma Ollila was clear in the goals he set for the 2011 restructuring that Nokia's new CEO, Stephen Elop, had decided was necessary to address the dramatically changed competitive environment the company faced in smartphones...  View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Plant Closure; Outplacement; Shared Value; Business or Company Management; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Restructuring; Employee Relationship Management; Telecommunications Industry
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Nokia's Bridge Program: Redesigning Layoffs (A)." Harvard Business School Case 315-002, February 2015. (Revised August 2016.)
      • January 7, 2015
      • Article

      The Quest for Better Layoffs

      By: Sandra J. Sucher
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      Sucher, Sandra J. "The Quest for Better Layoffs." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (January 7, 2015).
      • October 2014
      • Case

      Honeywell and the Great Recession (A)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      CEO Dave Cote spent six years turning around an ailing Honeywell and in 2008 Cote and his team face a new challenge: how to respond to the Great Recession. Cote does not want to give up the gains he made in transforming and unifying Honeywell. With a fall-off in...  View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Furloughs; Downsizing; Work Sharing; Short Time Work; Recessions; Earnings Forecast; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Cost Management; Executive Compensation; Crisis Management; Financial Crisis; Manufacturing Industry
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Honeywell and the Great Recession (A)." Harvard Business School Case 315-022, October 2014.
      • October 2014
      • Supplement

      Honeywell and the Great Recession: The Economic Recovery (B)

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      Five years after the Great Recession, Honeywell's CEO Dave Cote and his executive team reflect on the choices they made to manage costs and earnings forecasts during that uncertain time. They discuss which cost cutting measures they decided to take and their personal...  View Details
      Keywords: Layoffs; Furloughs; Downsizing; Work Sharing; Short Time Work; Recessions; Earnings Forecast; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Cost Management; Executive Compensation; Crisis Management; Financial Crisis; Manufacturing Industry
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Honeywell and the Great Recession: The Economic Recovery (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 315-023, October 2014.
      • 2014
      • Book

      Own Your Future: How to Think Like an Entrepreneur and Thrive in an Unpredictable Economy

      By: Paul B. Brown, Charles F. Kiefer and Leonard A. Schlesinger
      It used to be that if you studied and worked hard, you could be assured of an extremely satisfying career. But in a world of constant layoffs and dying industries, it has become increasingly difficult to "plan" your way to success. So what is the solution? Well, when...  View Details
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      Brown, Paul B., Charles F. Kiefer, and Leonard A. Schlesinger. Own Your Future: How to Think Like an Entrepreneur and Thrive in an Unpredictable Economy. New York, NY: AMACOM, 2014.
      • February 2014
      • Background Note

      Furloughs: An Alternative to Layoffs for Economic Downturns

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Susan J. Winterberg
      This note describes the practice of employee furloughs (also known as work sharing or short-time work) including their regulatory frameworks in different countries and the business and ethical implications of their use.  View Details
      Keywords: Work Sharing; Furloughs; Temporary Layoff; Short Time Work; Employee Relationship Management; Job Cuts and Outsourcing
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Susan J. Winterberg. "Furloughs: An Alternative to Layoffs for Economic Downturns." Harvard Business School Background Note 314-097, February 2014.
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