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    • All HBS Web  (603)
      • Faculty Publications  (87)

      Labor Unions Remove Labor Unions →

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      The Surprising Connection between 1930s Weather and Today's Labor Unions
      There’s something curious about the labor force in the United States. Identical jobs and industries have become unionized in some states while...
      Productivity and Labor Unions: An Application of the Theory of Self-Enforcing Contracts
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      • March–April 2021
      • Article

      Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them

      By: Jodi L Short and Michael W. Toffel
      The pandemic has placed a new spotlight on working conditions in factories that supply global companies. To avert problems, firms often impose codes of conduct on their suppliers and perform audits to assess compliance. Do these measures help identify unethical...  View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Supply Chain; Agency Cost; Quality And Safety; Quality; Quality Management System; Quality Management; unions; Wages; Environmental Management; Globalization; Goods And Commodities; Governance; labor; labor unions; Working Conditions; Operations; Supply Chain; Safety; China; Bangladesh; Asia; Pakistan
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      Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Manage the Suppliers That Could Harm Your Brand: Know When to Avoid, Engage, or Drop Them." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 2 (March–April 2021).
      • December 2020
      • Case

      France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      These cases explore the impacts of industry shocks, resulting corporate actions that had a devasting impact on employees, and the legal conviction of corporate leaders for “institutional harassment."

      This case series follows the evolution of France Telecom...  View Details
      Keywords: Health & Wellness; Human Resource Management; Strategic Change; Leadership & Corporate Accountability; Leadership And Change Management; Leadership And Managing People; Change; Restructuring; Crime And Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; labor; labor And Management Relations; labor unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems And Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Organizational Culture; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring." Harvard Business School Case 721-420, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Supplement

      France Télécom (B): A Wave of Staff Suicides

      By: Cynthia A. Montgomery and Ashley V. Whillans
      In the B case we learn that at least 19 France Telecom employees took their own lives between 2006 and 2009, 12 others attempted suicide, and eight suffered from serious depression for reasons reportedly related to work. Some of these deaths occurred in public places,...  View Details
      Keywords: Change; Crime And Corruption; Ethics; Health; Human Capital; Human Resources; labor And Management Relations; labor unions; Law; Social Psychology; Strategy; Leadership Style; Organizations; Problems And Challenges; Relationships; Crisis Management; Employees; Well-being; Telecommunications Industry; Europe; European union
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      Montgomery, Cynthia A., and Ashley V. Whillans. "France Télécom (B): A Wave of Staff Suicides." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-421, December 2020.
      • March 2020 (Revised August 2020)
      • Case

      Culture at Google

      By: Nien-hê Hsieh, Amy Klopfenstein and Sarah Mehta
      Beginning in 2017, technology (tech) company Google faced a series of employee-relations issues that threatened its unique culture of innovation and open communication. Issues included protests surrounding Google’s contracts with the U.S. government, restrictions of...  View Details
      Keywords: Human Resources; Employee Relationship Management; Recruitment; Retention; Resignation And Termination; labor; Working Conditions; Employment; labor unions; Wages; Law; Lawsuits And Litigation; Rights; Ethics; Values And Beliefs; Fairness; Organizations; Organizational Culture; Mission And Purpose; Social Psychology; Attitudes; Behavior; Conflict Management; Trust; Motivation And Incentives; Prejudice And Bias; Power And Influence; Technology; Search Technology; Web; Hardware; Society; Social Issues; Culture; Civil Society Or Community; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; Gender; Race; Technology Industry; North And Central America; United States; California
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      Hsieh, Nien-hê, Amy Klopfenstein, and Sarah Mehta. "Culture at Google." Harvard Business School Case 320-050, March 2020. (Revised August 2020.)
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Shell: A Company of Opportunity?

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Emer Moloney
      The Opportunity Hub was a cloud-based platform that enabled managers to market projects they were working on and associated resourcing needs as “Opportunity Owners” and employees, or “Opportunity Seekers,” to browse these statements of need and engage when they had...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Divisions; Change Management; Competency And Skills; Experience And Expertise; Talent And Talent Management; Energy; Energy Sources; Non-renewable Energy; Renewable Energy; Human Resources; Employees; Retention; Collaborative Innovation And Invention; Innovation And Management; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Jobs And Positions; Job Design And Levels; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge; Knowledge Use And Leverage; labor; Human Capital; labor unions; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Performance Evaluation; Performance Productivity; Strategic Planning; Projects; Motivation And Incentives; Business Strategy; Social And Collaborative Networks; Technology Platform; Chemical Industry; Energy Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Netherlands
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Emer Moloney. "Shell: A Company of Opportunity?" Harvard Business School Case 320-025, September 2019.
      • July 2019
      • Teaching Note

      AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

      By: William R. Kerr and Carl Kreitzberg
      A Teaching Note for the "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow" case study (HBS#820-017). The case describes how AT&T designed and implemented a program to retrain 100,000 of its workers. The case first reviews the technological forces that compelled AT&T to...  View Details
      Keywords: At&t; Workforce; Training; Future Of Work; Telecommunications; unions; Technological Change; Layoffs; Moocs; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; labor; Learning; labor unions; Technology Adoption; Talent And Talent Management; Transformation; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William R., and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 820-018, July 2019.
      • July 2019 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow

      By: William R. Kerr, Joseph B. Fuller and Carl Kreitzberg
      By the late 2000s, rapid changes in the telecommunications industry forced AT&T’s management team to take on a task that CEO Randall Stephenson called the “biggest logistical challenge” they had ever seen: retraining 100,000 workers by 2020. In 2012, internal company...  View Details
      Keywords: At&t; Workforce; Skills; Future Of Work; Telecommunications; unions; Technological Change; Layoffs; Moocs; Strategic Planning; Employees; Training; Competency And Skills; labor; Learning; labor unions; Technology Adoption; Talent And Talent Management; Telecommunications Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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      Kerr, William R., Joseph B. Fuller, and Carl Kreitzberg. "AT&T, Retraining, and the Workforce of Tomorrow." Harvard Business School Case 820-017, July 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • July–August 2019
      • Article

      Coupling Labor Codes of Conduct and Supplier Labor Practices: The Role of Internal Structural Conditions

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Exploitive working conditions have spurred companies to pressure their suppliers to adopt labor codes of conduct and to conform their labor practices to the standards set forth in those codes. Yet little is known about whether organizational structures such as codes...  View Details
      Keywords: Organization Theory; Economic Sociology; Social Responsibility; Sustainability; Auditing; Process Improvement; Organizational Structure; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Supply Chain; labor; Working Conditions
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Coupling Labor Codes of Conduct and Supplier Labor Practices: The Role of Internal Structural Conditions." Organization Science 30, no. 4 (July–August 2019): 847–867. (Best Paper Award at ComplianceNet Conference 2019, 2020 Responsible Research in Management Award Finalist.)
      • August 2018 (Revised August 2019)
      • Technical Note

      A Note on Compensation

      By: Ethan Bernstein and Michael Norris
      This note provides an overview of the important terms, concepts, and frameworks that a manager should know about compensation—whether it be their own or that of an employee. Because compensation in practice is fraught with pitfalls, this note presents an overview of...  View Details
      Keywords: Compensation Design; Benefits; Perks; Variable Compensation; Compensation And Benefits; Executive Compensation; Stock Options; Profit Sharing; Job Design And Levels; labor unions; Wages; United States
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      Bernstein, Ethan, and Michael Norris. "A Note on Compensation." Harvard Business School Technical Note 419-020, August 2018. (Revised August 2019.)
      • January–February 2018
      • Article

      More than a Paycheck: How to Create Good Blue-Collar Jobs in the Knowledge Economy

      By: Dennis Campbell, John Case and Bill Fotsch
      Fifty years ago a good blue-collar job was with a large manufacturer such as General Motors or Goodyear. Often unionized, it paid well, offered benefits, and was secure. But manufacturing employment has steadily declined, from about 25% of the U.S. labor force in 1970...  View Details
      Keywords: Jobs And Positions; Employee Ownership; Profit Sharing; Organizational Culture
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      Campbell, Dennis, John Case, and Bill Fotsch. "More than a Paycheck: How to Create Good Blue-Collar Jobs in the Knowledge Economy." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 1 (January–February 2018): 118–124.
      • February 2017 (Revised May 2018)
      • Case

      The Flint, Michigan Sit-Down Strike

      By: Tom Nicholas, Christopher T. Stanton and Matthew Preble
      For roughly six weeks between late December 1936 and February 1937, a major strike at several critical General Motors (GM) plants in Flint, Michigan, essentially halted the corporation’s U.S. production and resulted in significant gains for the nascent United...  View Details
      Keywords: Industrial Unionism; Craft Unionism; Welfare Capitalism; General Motors; labor; labor unions; labor And Management Relations; Wages; Working Conditions; Government Legislation; Business History; Business And Government Relations; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Business And Community Relations; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Mining Industry; Steel Industry; United States; Michigan
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      Nicholas, Tom, Christopher T. Stanton, and Matthew Preble. "The Flint, Michigan Sit-Down Strike." Harvard Business School Case 817-005, February 2017. (Revised May 2018.)
      • December 2016
      • Background Note

      Cross-sector Collaborations for Shared Prosperity

      By: Jan Rivkin
      In cities and towns across America, leaders in local governments, businesses, nonprofits, educational institutions, faith-based organizations, labor unions, and other organizations are coming together in new ways to help their communities prosper. Why are such...  View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Business And Community Relations; Cooperation; United States
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      Rivkin, Jan. "Cross-sector Collaborations for Shared Prosperity." Harvard Business School Background Note 717-433, December 2016.
      • May 2016
      • Case

      The Inexorable Rise of Walmart? 1988—2016

      By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
      In October 2015, Walmart surprised investors by announcing that it expected flat sales growth for 2015 and growth of only 3% to 4% over the coming three years. Profits would also fall due to significant investments in people and technology. The company’s stock price...  View Details
      Keywords: Asda; Costco; David Glass; Convenience Stores; Discount Retailing; Dollar Stores; Doug Mcmillon; E-commerce; Online Retail; General Merchandise; Grocery; Lee Scott; Mike Duke; Multichannel Retailing; Omnichannel; Neighborhood Market; Sam Walton; Sam's Club; Store Formats; Supercenter; Supermarket; Warehouse Clubs; Merchandising; Walmart; Wal-mart; Globalized Firms And Management; Competitive Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Growth And Development Strategy; Business Units; Business Divisions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Film Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Banks And Banking; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Global Range; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Global Strategy; Business History; Compensation And Benefits; Employees; Human Capital; labor unions; Wages; Business Or Company Management; Goals And Objectives; Management Succession; Brands And Branding; Product Positioning; Distribution; Supply Chain; Supply Chain Management; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; labor And Management Relations; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Diversification; Expansion; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Web; Web Sites; Retail Industry; Food And Beverage Industry; Distribution Industry; Banking Industry; United States; Arkansas; Bentonville
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      Wells, John R., and Gabriel Ellsworth. "The Inexorable Rise of Walmart? 1988—2016." Harvard Business School Case 716-426, May 2016.
      • March 2016 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      South Africa: A Fractured Rainbow?

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason
      Twenty years after the end of Apartheid, South Africa's democracy persists, albeit with problems. A tripartite coalition—the African National Congress, the labor unions, and the Communist Party—still controls the political system but with diminishing economic results...  View Details
      Keywords: labor; Politics; Development; Productivity; labor unions; Infrastructure; Government And Politics; Economic Growth; Performance Productivity; Economy; Social Issues; South Africa
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      Vietor, Richard H.K., and Haviland Sheldahl-Thomason. "South Africa: A Fractured Rainbow?" Harvard Business School Case 716-069, March 2016. (Revised November 2020.)
      • January 2016 (Revised February 2016)
      • Case

      Citizens United and Corporate Speech

      By: David Moss and Marc Campasano
      The story of Citizens United began in late 2007, as leading members of the Republican and Democratic parties were preparing for the 2008 presidential primaries. Democrats expected a three-way contest in their party between Senator Barack Obama of Illinois, Senator (and...  View Details
      Keywords: Rights; Internet; Political Elections; Lawsuits And Litigation; Business And Government Relations
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      Moss, David, and Marc Campasano. "Citizens United and Corporate Speech." Harvard Business School Case 716-039, January 2016. (Revised February 2016.)
      • Article

      Dualities in Negotiation: Introduction

      By: James K. Sebenius
      Richard Walton and Robert McKersie's closeness to practice, disciplinary rigor, and successful search for powerful generalizations help explain the lasting impact of their 1965 book, A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations. Central to their argument are three...  View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation; Bargaining; Integrative Bargaining; Distributive Bargaining; Negotiation; labor unions
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      Sebenius, James K. "Dualities in Negotiation: Introduction." Negotiation Journal 31, no. 4 (October 2015): 333–334.
      • Article

      Why A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations Remains a Triumph at Fifty but the Labels 'Distributive' and 'Integrative' Should Be Retired

      By: James K. Sebenius
      Richard Walton and Robert McKersie's closeness to practice, disciplinary rigor, and successful search for powerful generalizations help explain the lasting impact of the Behavioral Theory of Labor Relations. Ironically, the names they chose for the fundamental...  View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation; Bargaining; Integrative Bargaining; Distributive Bargaining; Negotiation; labor unions
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      Sebenius, James K. "Why A Behavioral Theory of Labor Negotiations Remains a Triumph at Fifty but the Labels 'Distributive' and 'Integrative' Should Be Retired." Negotiation Journal 31, no. 4 (October 2015): 335–347.
      • August 2015 (Revised March 2016)
      • Supplement

      Rana Plaza (C): Primark and Victim Compensation

      By: John A. Quelch and Margaret L. Rodriguez
      Keywords: Supply Chain Management; Labor Relations; Corporate Social Responsibility; Sustainability; International Marketing; Supply Chain Management; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Marketing; labor unions; Environmental Sustainability; Globalized Markets And Industries
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      Quelch, John A., and Margaret L. Rodriguez. "Rana Plaza (C): Primark and Victim Compensation." Harvard Business School Supplement 516-014, August 2015. (Revised March 2016.)
      • April 2015 (Revised January 2021)
      • Case

      Bankruptcy in the City of Detroit

      By: Stuart Gilson, Kristin Mugford and Annelena Lobb
      The June 2013 bankruptcy of Detroit, Michigan, was, at the time, the largest municipal bankruptcy in American history. Detroit had struggled for years with a weakening tax base, high unemployment, a heavy debt load, and increasing retiree costs. These financial strains...  View Details
      Keywords: Chapter 9; Chapter 11; Restructuring; Financial Liquidity; Insolvency And Bankruptcy; City; Government Administration; Public Sector; Financial Crisis; Financial Management; Failure; labor unions; Urban Development; Public Administration Industry; Michigan; Detroit
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      Gilson, Stuart, Kristin Mugford, and Annelena Lobb. "Bankruptcy in the City of Detroit." Harvard Business School Case 215-070, April 2015. (Revised January 2021.)
      • January 2014 (Revised February 2014)
      • Teaching Note

      Rana Plaza: Workplace Safety In Bangladesh (A) and (B)

      By: John A. Quelch and Margaret L. Rodriguez
      On April 24, 2013 the Rana Plaza factory building collapsed in Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh. Over 1,100 people were killed in the worst industrial accident since the Union Carbide plant gas leak in Bhopal, India. Most of the victims worked for garment factories,...  View Details
      Keywords: Safety; Multinational Firms And Management; labor unions; Business And Stakeholder Relations; Working Conditions; Corporate Accountability; Crisis Management; Manufacturing Industry; Apparel And Accessories Industry; Bangladesh
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      Quelch, John A., and Margaret L. Rodriguez. "Rana Plaza: Workplace Safety In Bangladesh (A) and (B)." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 514-062, January 2014. (Revised February 2014.)
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      Are you looking for?

      The Surprising Connection between 1930s Weather and Today's Labor Unions
      There’s something curious about the labor force in the United States. Identical jobs and industries have become unionized in some states while...
      Productivity and Labor Unions: An Application of the Theory of Self-Enforcing Contracts
      → Search All HBS Web
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