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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (176)

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      Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market
      Hunting for Talent: Firm-Driven Labor Market Search in America
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      • November–December 2020
      • Article

      Rethinking the On-Demand Workforce

      By: Joseph B. Fuller, Manjari Raman, Allison Bailey and Nithya Vaduganathan
      As companies struggle with chronic skills shortages and changing labor demographics, a new generation of talent platforms, offering on-demand access to highly trained workers, has begun to help. These platforms include marketplaces for premium expertise (such as Toptal...  View Details
      Keywords: Talent Acquisition; Platforms; Skilled Labor Recruitment; Gig Economy; Talent And Talent Management; Selection And Staffing; Online Technology; Strategy
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      Fuller, Joseph B., Manjari Raman, Allison Bailey, and Nithya Vaduganathan. "Rethinking the On-Demand Workforce." Harvard Business Review 98, no. 6 (November–December 2020): 96–103.
      • November 2020
      • Article

      Taxation in Matching Markets

      By: Arnaud Dupuy, Alfred Galichon, Sonia Jaffe and Scott Duke Kominers
      We analyze the effects of taxation in two-sided matching markets, i.e., markets in which all agents have heterogeneous preferences over potential partners. In matching markets, taxes can generate inefficiency on the allocative margin by changing who is matched to whom,...  View Details
      Keywords: Matching Markets; Labor Markets; Taxation; labor; markets
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      Dupuy, Arnaud, Alfred Galichon, Sonia Jaffe, and Scott Duke Kominers. "Taxation in Matching Markets." International Economic Review 61, no. 4 (November 2020): 1591–1634.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Flight to Safety: How Economic Downturns Affect Talent Flows to Startups

      By: Shai Benjamin Bernstein, Richard Townsend and Ting Xu
      This paper investigates how economic downturns affect the flow of human capital to startups. Using proprietary data from AngelList Talent, we study how individuals’ online job searches and applications changed during the emergence of the COVID-19 crisis. We find that...  View Details
      Keywords: Startup Labor Market; Flight To Safety; Covid-19; Recession; Business Startups; Human Capital; Business Cycles; Health Pandemics
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      Bernstein, Shai Benjamin, Richard Townsend, and Ting Xu. "Flight to Safety: How Economic Downturns Affect Talent Flows to Startups." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-045, September 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      (When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis and Subhradip Sarker
      While there is evidence about labor market discrimination based on race, religion, and gender, we know little about whether physical appearance leads to discrimination in labor market outcomes. We deploy a randomized experiment on 1,000 respondents in India between...  View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Economics; Coronavirus; Discrimination; Homophily; Labor Market Mobility; Limited Attention; Resumes; Personal Characteristics; Prejudice And Bias
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Tarun Khanna, Christos A. Makridis, and Subhradip Sarker. "(When) Does Appearance Matter? Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-038, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Uber: Competing Globally

      By: Alexander J. MacKay
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-404.  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Global Strategy; Globalization; Multinational Firms And Management; Globalized markets And Industries; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Innovation And Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Law; Management; Growth And Development; Growth Management; markets; Demand And Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Network Effects; Emerging markets; market Design; market Entry And Exit; market Participation; Supply And Industry; Industry Structures; Planning; Strategic Planning; Relationships; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Stakeholder Relations; labor And Management Relations; Networks; Adaptation; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Technology; Mobile Technology; Technology Platform; Transportation Networks; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Ghana; Asia; China; Shanghai; Shanghai Shi; India; New Delhi; Europe; United Kingdom; London; England; Latin America; North And Central America; United States; New York (city, Ny); New York (state, Us); South America; Colombia
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      MacKay, Alexander J. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 721-387, September 2020.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Digital Labor Market Inequality and the Decline of IT Exceptionalism

      By: Ruiqing Cao and Shane Greenstein
      Several decades of expansion in digital communications, web commerce, and online distribution have altered regional IT labor market returns in the United States. IT occupations experienced similar wage growth as STEM occupations involving IT-related work activities,...  View Details
      Keywords: Information Technology; labor; Wages; Equality And Inequality
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      Cao, Ruiqing, and Shane Greenstein. "Digital Labor Market Inequality and the Decline of IT Exceptionalism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-019, August 2020. (Revised January 2021. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 21-015, August 2020)
      • June 2020
      • Case

      Big Hit Entertainment and Blockbuster Band BTS: K-Pop Goes Global

      By: Anita Elberse and Lizzy Woodham
      Bang Si-Hyuk (‘Hitman Bang’) is the founder and co-chief executive officer of Big Hit Entertainment, the company behind BTS, a ‘K-pop’ band that has found unparalleled success around the globe—a remarkable feat given that most of their songs are in Korean. It is March...  View Details
      Keywords: Music; Entertainment; Superstars; Talent; Talent Development; Labor Economics; General Management; Music Entertainment; Media; Talent And Talent Management; labor; Contracts; marketing; Strategy; Music Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry
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      Elberse, Anita, and Lizzy Woodham. "Big Hit Entertainment and Blockbuster Band BTS: K-Pop Goes Global." Harvard Business School Case 520-125, June 2020.
      • April 2020 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Uber: Competing Globally

      By: Alexander J. MacKay, Amram Migdal and John Masko
      This case describes Uber’s global market entry strategy and responses by regulators and local competitors. It details Uber’s entry into New York City (United States), Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Shanghai (China), Accra (Ghana), and London (United Kingdom). In...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Model; Geography; Geographic Location; Geographic Scope; Globalization; Global Strategy; Multinational Firms And Management; Globalized markets And Industries; Governance; Governance Controls; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Innovation And Invention; Disruptive Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Law; Management; Growth And Development Strategy; Growth Management; markets; Demand And Consumers; Consumer Behavior; Network Effects; Emerging markets; market Design; market Entry And Exit; market Participation; Supply And Industry; Industry Structures; Planning; Strategic Planning; Relationships; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Stakeholder Relations; labor And Management Relations; Networks; Strategy; Adaptation; Business Strategy; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive Strategy; Expansion; Technology; Mobile Technology; Technology Platform; Transportation; Transportation Networks; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Africa; Ghana; Asia; China; Shanghai Shi; Shanghai; India; New Delhi; Europe; United Kingdom; England; London; Latin America; North And Central America; United States; New York (city, Ny); New York (state, Us); South America; Colombia
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      MacKay, Alexander J., Amram Migdal, and John Masko. "Uber: Competing Globally." Harvard Business School Case 720-404, April 2020. (Revised June 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm

      By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo
      How do firms pair workers with managers, and which constraints affect the allocation of labor within the firm? We characterize the sorting pattern of managers to workers in a large readymade garment manufacturer in India and then explore potential drivers of the...  View Details
      Keywords: Assortative Matching; Productivity; Global Buyers; Readymade Garments; Management; Employees; Performance Productivity
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      Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, and Jorge Tamayo. "No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-103, March 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Hunting for Talent: Firm-Driven Labor Market Search in America

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Ines Black
      Research suggests that increased digitization of the labor market combined with the changing demand for skill has altered the job-search process. In this article, we argue that these changes have led to increased investments in firm-driven search for talent (or...  View Details
      Keywords: Hiring; Referrals; Outbound Recruiting; Labor Markets; Selection And Staffing; Networks; Recruitment; Strategy; United States
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Ines Black. "Hunting for Talent: Firm-Driven Labor Market Search in America." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3576498, April 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time

      By: Laura Alfaro, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland and Peter K. Schott
      We show that unexpected changes in the trajectory of COVID-19 infections predict U.S. stock returns, in real time. Parameter estimates indicate that an unanticipated doubling (halving) of projected infections forecasts next-day decreases (increases) in aggregate U.S....  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Stock Returns; Health Pandemics; Stocks; Investment Return; Forecasting And Prediction
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      Alfaro, Laura, Anusha Chari, Andrew Greenland, and Peter K. Schott. "Aggregate and Firm-Level Stock Returns During Pandemics, in Real Time." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26950, April 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
      • January 2020
      • Case

      Freelancer, Ltd.

      By: Christopher Stanton, Karim R. Lakhani, Jennifer L. Hoffman, Jin Hyun Paik and Nina Cohodes
      Over the course of the 2010s, the rapid advancement of mobile technologies and the rise of online freelancing platforms seemed to portend a radical transformation of labor markets into on-demand, flexible talent pools. Even though several Fortune 500...  View Details
      Keywords: Freelancers; Platforms; Digital Labor; labor; Human Resources; Management; Online Technology; Growth And Development Strategy; Information Industry; Australia; United States; Philippines
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      Stanton, Christopher, Karim R. Lakhani, Jennifer L. Hoffman, Jin Hyun Paik, and Nina Cohodes. "Freelancer, Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 820-075, January 2020.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Technology and Trade on Migration: Evidence from the U.S.

      By: Marius Faber, Andres Sarto and Marco Tabellini
      Migration has long been considered one of the key mechanisms through which labor markets adjust to economic shocks. In this paper, we analyze the migration response of American workers to two of the most important shocks that have hit Western economies since the late...  View Details
      Keywords: Migration; Employment; Technology; Trade; System Shocks; United States
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      Faber, Marius, Andres Sarto, and Marco Tabellini. "The Impact of Technology and Trade on Migration: Evidence from the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-071, December 2019. (Also appears in HBS Working Knowledge.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      When to Apply?

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Manuela Collis and Leena Kulkarni
      Labor market outcomes depend, in part, upon an individual’s willingness to put herself forward for different opportunities. We use laboratory and field experiments to explore gender differences in willingness to apply for higher return, more challenging work. We find...  View Details
      Keywords: Beliefs; Gender; Information; Performance; labor; Perception; Decision Making
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Manuela Collis, and Leena Kulkarni. "When to Apply?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-062, November 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Economic Effects of Private Equity Buyouts

      By: Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ben Lipsius, Josh Lerner and Javier Miranda
      We examine thousands of U.S. private equity (PE) buyouts from 1980 to 2013, a period that saw huge swings in credit market tightness and GDP growth. Our results show striking, systematic differences in the real-side effects of PE buyouts, depending on buyout type and...  View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity Buyouts; Impact; Private Equity; Economics; Employment; Performance Productivity; Wages
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      Davis, Steven J., John Haltiwanger, Kyle Handley, Ben Lipsius, Josh Lerner, and Javier Miranda. "The Economic Effects of Private Equity Buyouts." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-046, October 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Gender Gap in Self-Promotion

      By: Christine L Exley and Judd B. Kessler
      In applications, interviews, performance reviews, and many other environments, individuals are explicitly asked or implicitly invited to assess their own performance. In a series of experiments, we find that women rate their performance less favorably than equally...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-promotion; Performance Evaluation; Gender
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      Exley, Christine L., and Judd B. Kessler. "The Gender Gap in Self-Promotion." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26345, October 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
      • August 2019
      • Case

      Lemonade: Disrupting Insurance with Instant Everything, Killer Prices, and a Big Heart

      By: Elie Ofek and Danielle Golan
      Launching its first products in the fall of 2016 in New York, insurtech startup Lemonade was on a mission to disrupt the insurance market by using AI and behavioral economics principles. The company offered renters, homeowners, and condo insurance and mainly targeted...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Insurance; Technological Innovation; Business Model; Disruption; Brands And Branding; Growth And Development Strategy; Global Strategy; Decision Making; Insurance Industry; Technology Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Danielle Golan. "Lemonade: Disrupting Insurance with Instant Everything, Killer Prices, and a Big Heart." Harvard Business School Case 520-020, August 2019.
      • June 2019
      • Teaching Note

      CEWD: Closing the Skills Gap

      By: William R. Kerr and Ted Smalley Bowen
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 818-081. The teaching note presents background, case details, and teaching strategies, along with board plans and supporting graphics.  View Details
      Keywords: Competency And Skills; Training; Demographics; Economics; Education; Energy; Jobs And Positions; Intellectual Property; labor; Knowledge; Leadership; Management; marketing; Organizations; Outcome Or Result; Performance; Personal Development And Career; Projects; Relationships; Risk And Uncertainty; Science; Technology; Energy Industry; North And Central America
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      Kerr, William R., and Ted Smalley Bowen. "CEWD: Closing the Skills Gap." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 819-133, June 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Second Chance: Life Without Student Debt

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Ankit Kalda and Vincent Yao
      Rising student debt is considered one of the creeping threats of our time. This paper examines the effect of student debt relief on individual credit and labor market outcomes. We exploit the plausibly random debt discharge due to the inability of National Collegiate,...  View Details
      Keywords: Student Debt; Private Student Loans; Legal Settlement; Mobility; Debt Collection; Debt Relief; Borrowing And Debt; Personal Finance; Outcome Or Result; United States
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Ankit Kalda, and Vincent Yao. "Second Chance: Life Without Student Debt." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25810, May 2019. (Revise and Resubmit to The Journal of Finance.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market

      By: Zoë B. Cullen and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson
      The public discourse around pay transparency has focused on the direct effect: how workers seek to rectify newly disclosed pay inequities through renegotiations. The question of how wage-setting, bargaining, and hiring practices change with higher transparency has...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Transparency; Online Labor Market; Privacy; Wage Gap; Negotiation; Corporate Disclosure; Compensation And Benefits; Gender
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      Cullen, Zoë B., and Bobak Pakzad-Hurson. "Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market." Working Paper, April 2019. (Formerly two papers, "Equal Work for Unequal Pay" and "Is Pay Transparency Good?" Selected as Exemplary Applied Modeling Paper at EC '19.)
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      Equilibrium Effects of Pay Transparency in a Simple Labor Market
      Hunting for Talent: Firm-Driven Labor Market Search in America
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