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Publications

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    • Faculty Publications  (224)

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    • All HBS Web  (5,238)
      • Faculty Publications  (224)

      Knowledge Aspects Of Strategy Remove Knowledge Aspects Of Strategy →

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      Knowledge flows and capability acquisition
      Enacting Knowledge Strategy Through Social Media: Passable Trust and the Paradox of Non-work Interactions
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      • December 2020 (Revised February 2021)
      • Case

      IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center

      By: Shane Greenstein, Mel Martin and Sarkis Agaian
      After discovering that their cancer diagnostic tool, designed to leverage the cloud computing power of IBM Watson, needed greater integration into the clinical processes at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, the development team had difficult choices to make. The Oncology...  View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Innovation strategy; knowledge Management; knowledge Use And Leverage; Operations; Failure; Technology; Information Technology; Software; Health Care And Treatment; Product Development; Health Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Houston; Texas
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      Greenstein, Shane, Mel Martin, and Sarkis Agaian. "IBM Watson at MD Anderson Cancer Center." Harvard Business School Case 621-022, December 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Evolutionary Nature of Breakthrough Innovation: Re-Evaluating the Exploration vs. Exploitation Dichotomy

      By: Dominika K. Sarnecka and Gary P. Pisano
      Over the past few decades, a consensus has emerged that breakthrough innovations emerge from exploration of novel terrain while more routine innovations are the product of exploitation. In this paper, we revisit this explore versus exploit dichotomy with an analysis...  View Details
      Keywords: Breakthrough Innovation; Exploration And Exploitation; Innovation And Invention; Technological Innovation
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      Sarnecka, Dominika K., and Gary P. Pisano. "The Evolutionary Nature of Breakthrough Innovation: Re-Evaluating the Exploration vs. Exploitation Dichotomy." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-071, December 2020.
      • Article

      Soul and Machine (Learning)

      By: Davide Proserpio, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Burnap Alex, Tong Guo, Dokyun (DK) Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu and Hema Yoganarasimhan
      Machine learning is bringing us self-driving cars, medical diagnoses, and language translation, but how can machine learning help marketers improve marketing decisions? Machine learning models predict extremely well, are scalable to “big data,” and are a natural fit to...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Marketing Applications; knowledge; Technological Innovation; Core Relationships; Marketing
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      Proserpio, Davide, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Burnap Alex, Tong Guo, Dokyun (DK) Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Soul and Machine (Learning)." Marketing Letters 31, no. 4 (December 2020): 393–404.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      How Do CEOs Make Strategy?

      By: Mu-Jeung Yang, Michael Christensen, Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and Jan Rivkin
      We explore the critical question of how executives make strategic decisions. Utilizing a new survey of 262 CEO alumni of Harvard Business School, we gather evidence on four aspects of each executive’s business strategy: its overall structure, its formalization, its...  View Details
      Keywords: Productivity; Ceo; strategy; Management; Decision Making; Surveys; Business Education
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      Yang, Mu-Jeung, Michael Christensen, Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun, and Jan Rivkin. "How Do CEOs Make Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-063, October 2020.
      • September 2020 (Revised December 2020)
      • Supplement

      Hitachi Rail Limited (B)

      By: David J. Collis, Akiko Kanno and Nobuo Sato
      Describes the strategy and organisation changes made by British executive, Alistair Domer, after he is made head of Hitachi Rail's global business. The company acquires an Italian company, continues to win contracts in the UK, but struggles to bring its greenfield...  View Details
      Keywords: Organization Structure; Leader Selection; Mergers & Acquisitions; strategy; Global strategy; Organizational Structure; Leadership; Integration; Values And Beliefs; Rail Industry; Japan
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      Collis, David J., Akiko Kanno, and Nobuo Sato. "Hitachi Rail Limited (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 721-365, September 2020. (Revised December 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments

      By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
      In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted...  View Details
      Keywords: Switchback Experiments; Design; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-034, September 2020.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      The Role of Interdependence in the Microfoundations of Organization Design: Task, Goal, and Knowledge Interdependence

      By: Marlo Raveendran (formerly Goetting), Luciana Silvestri and Ranjay Gulati
      Interdependence is a core concept in organization design, yet one that has remained consistently understudied. Current notions of interdependence remain rooted in seminal works, produced at a time when managers’ near-perfect understanding of the task at hand drove the...  View Details
      Keywords: Interdependence; Organizational Behavior; Work Design; Organizational Design; Goals And Objectives; knowledge Sharing
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      Raveendran (formerly Goetting), Marlo, Luciana Silvestri, and Ranjay Gulati. "The Role of Interdependence in the Microfoundations of Organization Design: Task, Goal, and Knowledge Interdependence." Academy of Management Annals 14, no. 2 (July 2020): 828–868.
      • 2020
      • Article

      Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

      By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
      In this essay, we explore how strategic management research and practice could benefit from considering the benefits and challenges obtainable through working with user communities. User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and...  View Details
      Keywords: User Communities; Innovation; Open Source; Collaboration; Cooperative Strategy; knowledge Sharing; strategy; Collaborative Innovation And Invention
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      Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Special Issue on Open Innovation. Strategic Management Review 1, no. 2 (2020): 305–353.
      • April 2020
      • Article

      Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015

      By: Giovanni Dosi, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano and Federico Tamagni
      Firm growth is an essential feature of market economies, shaping together macroeconomic performance and the evolution of industry structures. As a potential indicator of organizational “fitness” within a competitive environment, firm growth is also a central concern to...  View Details
      Keywords: Firm Growth; Organizations; Growth And Development; Theory; Analysis; Production; Data And Data Sets
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      Dosi, Giovanni, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano, and Federico Tamagni. "Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015." Industrial and Corporate Change 29, no. 2 (April 2020): 309–332.
      • March 2020 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      Redefining Mogul

      By: George Serafeim, Ethan Rouen and Sarah Gazzaniga
      Tiffany Pham taught herself to code and created a technology platform, Mogul, with the goal of providing girls and women around the world with information and opportunities. After several years Mogul had reached more than 146 million women around the world and had...  View Details
      Keywords: Women; Inclusion; Technology; Branding; Social Impact; Entrepreneurship; Online Technology; Information; knowledge Dissemination; Gender; Diversity; Brands And Branding; Expansion; strategy; Media; Personal Development And Career; Technology Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, Ethan Rouen, and Sarah Gazzaniga. "Redefining Mogul." Harvard Business School Case 120-043, March 2020. (Revised May 2020.)
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Organizing Knowledge Production Teams Within Firms for Innovation

      By: Vikas A. Aggarwal, David H. Hsu and Andy Wu
      How should firms organize their pool of inventive human capital for firm-level innovation? While access to diverse knowledge may aid knowledge recombination, which can facilitate innovation, prior literature has focused primarily on one way of achieving that: diversity...  View Details
      Keywords: Knowledge Recombination; Organization Design; Team Boundary; Innovation; knowledge Sharing; Diversity; Innovation And Invention; Groups And Teams; Human Capital; Organizational Design
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      Aggarwal, Vikas A., David H. Hsu, and Andy Wu. "Organizing Knowledge Production Teams Within Firms for Innovation." Strategy Science 5, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–16.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      Walmart Ecommerce (A): Picking up the Pace

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Karen Elterman
      This case is an abridged version (part 1 of 2) of "Walmart's Omnichannel Strategy: Revolution or Miscalculation?" HBS Case No. 720-370. The (A) case discusses Walmart's early forays into online retail, as well as improvements made under Doug McMillon beginning in 2014....  View Details
      Keywords: Acquisition; strategy; Online Technology; Distribution; Distribution Channels; Competitive strategy; Retail Industry; Bentonville; Arkansas; United States
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Karen Elterman. "Walmart Ecommerce (A): Picking up the Pace." Harvard Business School Case 720-425, December 2019.
      • December 2019 (Revised April 2020)
      • Case

      The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci
      The Dutch East India Company’s board of directors must decide what to do about an impending legal requirement to liquidate the company’s assets and return to shareholders their capital and any profits earned during a ten-year lock-up period. The charter granted to the...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Globalized Firms And Management; Organizational Structure; Laws And Statutes; Financial Markets; Business And Shareholder Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business History; Shipping Industry; Netherlands
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Giuseppe Dari-Mattiacci. "The Dutch East India Company in 1612 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 320-047, December 2019. (Revised April 2020.)
      • November 2019
      • Teaching Note

      Magnus Resch: Transforming the Art Market Through Transparency

      By: Henry McGee and Sarah Mehta
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 319-002. This teaching note pairs with a case on economist and entrepreneur Magnus Resch, who is on a mission to make the art market more transparent. He has built the Magnus app, which catalogues the price and transaction history of millions...  View Details
      Keywords: Art Market; Transparency; Art Pricing; Business Startups; Innovation strategy; Culture; Business strategy; Mobile Technology; Fine Arts Industry; Information Technology Industry
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      McGee, Henry, and Sarah Mehta. "Magnus Resch: Transforming the Art Market Through Transparency." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 320-021, November 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Soul and Machine (Learning)

      By: Davide Proserpio, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Alex Burnap, Tong Guo, Dokyun Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu and Hema Yoganarasimhan
      Machine learning is bringing us self-driving cars, improved medical diagnostics, and machine translation, but can it improve marketing decisions? It can. Machine learning models predict extremely well, are scalable to “big data,” and are a natural fit to rich media...  View Details
      Keywords: Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Marketing
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      Proserpio, Davide, John R. Hauser, Xiao Liu, Tomomichi Amano, Alex Burnap, Tong Guo, Dokyun Lee, Randall Lewis, Kanishka Misra, Eric Schwarz, Artem Timoshenko, Lilei Xu, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Soul and Machine (Learning)." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-036, September 2019.
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Shell: A Company of Opportunity?

      By: Joseph B. Fuller and Emer Moloney
      The Opportunity Hub was a cloud-based platform that enabled managers to market projects they were working on and associated resourcing needs as “Opportunity Owners” and employees, or “Opportunity Seekers,” to browse these statements of need and engage when they had...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Divisions; Change Management; Competency And Skills; Experience And Expertise; Talent And Talent Management; Energy; Energy Sources; Non-renewable Energy; Renewable Energy; Human Resources; Employees; Retention; Collaborative Innovation And Invention; Innovation And Management; Innovation strategy; Technological Innovation; Jobs And Positions; Job Design And Levels; knowledge Sharing; knowledge; knowledge Use And Leverage; Labor; Human Capital; Labor Unions; Leading Change; Resource Allocation; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Performance Evaluation; Performance Productivity; Strategic Planning; Projects; Motivation And Incentives; Business strategy; Social And Collaborative Networks; Technology Platform; Chemical Industry; Energy Industry; Information Technology Industry; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Netherlands
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      Fuller, Joseph B., and Emer Moloney. "Shell: A Company of Opportunity?" Harvard Business School Case 320-025, September 2019.
      • September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
      • Case

      Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World

      By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
      In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...  View Details
      Keywords: Facebook; Fake News; Mark Zuckerberg; Donald Trump; Algorithms; Social Networks; Partisanship; Social Media; App Development; Instagram; Whatsapp; Smartphone; Silicon Valley; Office Space; Digital Strategy; Democracy; Entry Barriers; Online Platforms; Controversy; Tencent; Agility; Social Networking; Gaming; Gaming Industry; Computer Games; Mobile Gaming; Messaging; Monetization Strategy; Advertising; Online Advertising; Business Ventures; Acquisition; Mergers And Acquisitions; Business Growth And Maturation; Business Headquarters; Business Organization; For-profit Firms; Trends; Communication; Communication Technology; Forms Of Communication; Interactive Communication; Interpersonal Communication; Talent And Talent Management; Crime And Corruption; Voting; Demographics; Entertainment; Games, Gaming, And Gambling; Moral Sensibility; Values And Beliefs; Initial Public Offering; Profit; Revenue; Geography; Geographic Location; Global Range; Local Range; Country; Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues; Globalized Firms And Management; Globalized Markets And Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Government And Politics; International Relations; National Security; Political Elections; Business History; Recruitment; Selection And Staffing; Information Management; Information Publishing; News; Newspapers; Innovation And Management; Innovation strategy; Technological Innovation; knowledge Dissemination; Human Capital; Law; Leadership Development; Leadership Style; Leading Change; Business Or Company Management; Crisis Management; Goals And Objectives; Growth And Development strategy; Growth Management; Management Practices And Processes; Management Style; Management Systems; Management Teams; Managerial Roles; Marketing Channels; Social Marketing; Network Effects; Market Entry And Exit; Market Platforms; Two-sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Monopoly; Media; Product Development; Service Delivery; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Change And Adaptation; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure; Public Ownership; Problems And Challenges; Business And Community Relations; Business And Government Relations; Groups And Teams; Networks; Rank And Position; Opportunities; Behavior; Emotions; Identity; Power And Influence; Prejudice And Bias; Reputation; Social And Collaborative Networks; Status And Position; Trust; Society; Civil Society Or Community; Culture; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Societal Protocols; strategy; Adaptation; Business strategy; Commercialization; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Competitive strategy; Corporate strategy; Customization And Personalization; Diversification; Expansion; Horizontal Integration; Segmentation; Information Technology; Internet; Mobile Technology; Online Technology; Software; Technology Networks; Technology Platform; Web; Web Sites; Wireless Technology; Valuation; Advertising Industry; Communications Industry; Entertainment And Recreation Industry; Information Industry; Information Technology Industry; Journalism And News Industry; Media And Broadcasting Industry; Service Industry; Technology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Video Game Industry; United States; California; Sunnyvale; Russia
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      Wells, John R., Carole A. Winkler, and Benjamin Weinstock. "Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World." Harvard Business School Case 720-373, September 2019. (Revised September 2019.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Pushed into a Crowd: Repositioning Costs, Resources, and Competition in the RTE Cereal Industry

      By: Young Hou and Dennis Yao
      This paper exploits a natural experiment involving self-regulation in the ready-to-eat (RTE) breakfast cereal industry to evaluate how firms respond to entry in light of changes in competition and to estimate the value of brand equity as products are repositioned....  View Details
      Keywords: Positioning; Resources; Competitive Dynamics; Non-market Strategy; Goods And Commodities; Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms; Product Positioning; Food And Beverage Industry
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      Hou, Young, and Dennis Yao. "Pushed into a Crowd: Repositioning Costs, Resources, and Competition in the RTE Cereal Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-014, August 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • August 2019
      • Article

      When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation

      By: Yicheng Song, Nachiketa Sahoo and Elie Ofek
      Sometimes we desire change, a break from the same or an opportunity to fulfill different aspects of our needs. Noting that consumers seek variety, several approaches have been developed to diversify items recommended by personalized recommender systems. However,...  View Details
      Keywords: Recommender Systems; Personalization; Recommendation Diversity; Variety Seeking; Collaborative Filtering; Consumer Utility Models; Digital Media; Clickstream Analysis; Learning-to-rank; Consumer Behavior; Media; Customization And Personalization; strategy; Mathematical Methods
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      Song, Yicheng, Nachiketa Sahoo, and Elie Ofek. "When and How to Diversify—A Multicategory Utility Model for Personalized Content Recommendation." Management Science 65, no. 8 (August 2019): 3737–3757.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?

      By: Sonali K. Shah and Frank Nagle
      User communities represent a unique organizing structure for the exchange of ideas and knowledge. They are organizations composed primarily of users working collaboratively, voluntarily, and with minimal oversight to freely and openly develop and exchange knowledge...  View Details
      Keywords: Strategic Management; knowledge Sharing; Collaborative Innovation And Invention; Organizations; knowledge Use And Leverage; strategy
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      Shah, Sonali K., and Frank Nagle. "Why Do User Communities Matter for Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-126, June 2019.
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      Knowledge flows and capability acquisition
      Enacting Knowledge Strategy Through Social Media: Passable Trust and the Paradox of Non-work Interactions
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