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    • All HBS Web  (2,220)
      • Faculty Publications  (463)

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      • Working Paper

      Index Rebalancing and Stock Market Composition: Do Indexes Time the Market?

      By: Marco Sammon and John J. Shim
      Value-weighted indexes must rebalance in response to stock market composition changes, e.g., issuance, buybacks, and IPOs. In doing so, existing index funds implicitly engage in market timing. Index funds’ long-short rebalancing portfolios have a -3.5% annual return... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Financial Markets; Market Timing; Investment Return
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      Sammon, Marco, and John J. Shim. "Index Rebalancing and Stock Market Composition: Do Indexes Time the Market?" SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 5080459, May 2025.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital

      By: Daniel Green and Benjamin N. Roth
      Portfolio allocation decisions increasingly incorporate social values. We develop a tractable framework to study how competition between investors to own socially valuable assets affects social welfare. Relative to the most common social-investing strategies, we... View Details
      Keywords: Socially Responsible Investing; Investment Portfolio; Welfare; Social Issues; Investment Return
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      Green, Daniel, and Benjamin N. Roth. "The Allocation of Socially Responsible Capital." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 755–781.
      • April 2025
      • Article

      The Disappearing Index Effect

      By: Robin Greenwood and Marco Sammon
      The abnormal return associated with a stock being added to the S&P 500 has fallen from an average of 7.4% in the 1990s to 0.3% over the past decade. This has occurred despite a significant increase in the share of stock market assets linked to the index. A similar... View Details
      Keywords: Stocks; Investment Return; Value
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      Greenwood, Robin, and Marco Sammon. "The Disappearing Index Effect." Journal of Finance 80, no. 2 (April 2025): 657–698.
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      With a Little Help from My Family: Informal Startup Financing

      By: Brian K. Baik, Johan Ludvig S. Karlsen and Katja Kisseleva
      Using Norwegian administrative data, we identify family equity investments in startups and examine their effects on investor returns and firm behavior. Informal investors earn lower returns than external individuals, and the firms they back are less likely to secure... View Details
      Keywords: Early Stage Finance; Informal Investment; Household Finance; Risk Taking; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurship; Personal Finance; Family and Family Relationships; Business Startups; Investment; Norway
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      Baik, Brian K., Johan Ludvig S. Karlsen, and Katja Kisseleva. "With a Little Help from My Family: Informal Startup Financing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-053, April 2025.
      • March 2025 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Primetime Partners: Investing in Healthspan, Wealthspan, and Workspan

      By: Rembrand Koning, Nicole Tempest Keller and Susan Wilner Golden
      In the fall of 2024, Abby Miller Levy (HBS ’01), co-founder and managing partner of Primetime Partners, was preparing to raise a second fund. Founded in 2020 with veteran investor Alan Patricof, Primetime was a horizontal fund focused on early-stage companies serving... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Age; Social Issues; Financing and Loans; Investment Return; Business Strategy; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Koning, Rembrand, Nicole Tempest Keller, and Susan Wilner Golden. "Primetime Partners: Investing in Healthspan, Wealthspan, and Workspan." Harvard Business School Case 825-095, March 2025. (Revised May 2025.)
      • December 2024 (Revised January 2025)
      • Case

      Balancing Returns and Responsibilities at Raya Partners

      By: Arthur Segel, Ephraim Mernick, Derek C. M. van Bever and Olivia Barba
      Raya Partners, a private equity firm, faces a crucial decision regarding Asa Specialty Coatings Company (ASCC). The dilemma involves shifting ASCC's manufacturing operations to Mexico, a move that would boost profitability and reduce emissions but result in significant... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Communication Strategy; Private Equity; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Values and Beliefs; Financial Services Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Mexico; Vermont
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      Segel, Arthur, Ephraim Mernick, Derek C. M. van Bever, and Olivia Barba. "Balancing Returns and Responsibilities at Raya Partners." Harvard Business School Case 325-068, December 2024. (Revised January 2025.)
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns

      By: Shirley Lu, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu and George Serafeim
      Using large language models to measure firms' climate solution products and services, we find that high-climate solution firms exhibit lower stock returns and higher market valuation multiples. Their stock prices respond positively to events signaling increased demand... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Generative Ai; Large Language Models; Climate Finance; Climate Change; Innovation and Invention; Environmental Sustainability; AI and Machine Learning; Investment; Financial Markets
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      Lu, Shirley, Edward J. Riedl, Simon Xu, and George Serafeim. "Climate Solutions, Transition Risk, and Stock Returns." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-024, November 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Hidden Risk

      By: Daniel Barth, Phillip Monin, Emil Siriwardane and Adi Sunderam
      Since 2013, large U.S. hedge fund advisers have been required to report risk exposures in their regulatory filings. Using these data, we first establish that managers’ perceptions of risk contain useful information that is not embedded in fund returns. Investor flows... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Investment Funds; Risk and Uncertainty; Investment Return; Communication Strategy; Financial Services Industry
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      Barth, Daniel, Phillip Monin, Emil Siriwardane, and Adi Sunderam. "Hidden Risk." Working Paper, November 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Estímulo: Blended Finance in Brazil

      By: Vikram S. Gandhi, James Barnett, Maxim Pike Harrell and Marina Osborn
      In December 2022, Estímulo—a Brazilian impact investment fund supporting small businesses—found itself at a crossroads. The fund was established in 2020 to provide emergency relief through accessible credit and financial education. When low default rates from borrowers... View Details
      Keywords: Credit; Financial Management; Financing and Loans; Investment; Social Enterprise; Business Model; Financial Services Industry; Brazil; South America; Latin America
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      Gandhi, Vikram S., James Barnett, Maxim Pike Harrell, and Marina Osborn. "Estímulo: Blended Finance in Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 325-016, October 2024.
      • October 2024
      • Case

      Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia and James Weber
      In August of 2017, CSL Capital, a private equity fund founded and operated by Charlie Leykum (HBS ’04), was deciding to take one of its portfolio companies, Ranger Energy Services, public. Founded in 2014, Ranger Energy was an oilfield service company providing... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Initial Public Offering; Financial Strategy; Valuation; Private Equity; Business Strategy; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Ravi Ramniklal Gondalia, and James Weber. "Ranger Energy Services: Bridging Public & Private Markets." Harvard Business School Case 125-023, October 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Ponzi Funds

      By: Philippe van der Beck, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud and Dario Villamaina
      Many active funds hold concentrated portfolios. Flow-driven trading causes price pressure, which pushes up the funds’ existing positions resulting in realized returns. We decompose fund returns into a price pressure (self-inflated) and a fundamental component and... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Price Bubble; Financial Reporting; Financial Liquidity
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      van der Beck, Philippe, Jean-Philippe Bouchaud, and Dario Villamaina. "Ponzi Funds." Working Paper, May 2024.
      • October 2024 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Southern California Industrial: Freezer Drive

      By: Arthur I Segel, Dwight Angelini and W. Matt Kelly
      In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, a Boston based real estate private equity firm was seeking to make their very first West Coast investments in hopes of establishing their presence in the strategic region. An exciting property suddenly became available on the... View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate Development; Acquisition; Health Pandemics; Risk and Uncertainty; Expansion; Cost vs Benefits; Investment Return; Real Estate Industry
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      Segel, Arthur I., Dwight Angelini, and W. Matt Kelly. "Southern California Industrial: Freezer Drive." Harvard Business School Case 225-015, October 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • September 26, 2024
      • Article

      A Better Way to Measure Social Impact

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and Constance Spitzer
      All impact investors report the financial returns from their funds and investments, and many provide metrics on intended social outcomes, such as numbers of individuals served, or quality jobs created. But investors do not supply metrics about their impacts on... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Social Impact Investment; Inclusive Growth; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and Constance Spitzer. "A Better Way to Measure Social Impact." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (September 26, 2024).
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach

      By: Robin Greenwood, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb and Ruth Page
      The link to this multimedia case should be provided to students in advance as preparation for classroom case discussion.

      This multimedia case follows real estate developer Alan Faena as he expanded his luxury development business from Argentina to the... View Details
      Keywords: Development; Real Estate; Hotels; Luxury; Urban Development; Sustainable Cities; Design; Markets; Transformation; Cost vs Benefits; Economic Growth; Private Sector; Public Sector; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Cultural Entrepreneurship; Financial Strategy; Investment Return; Geographic Location; Urban Scope; Corporate Accountability; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; Opportunities; Culture; Value Creation; Real Estate Industry; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; Florida; Miami; Argentina; Buenos Aires
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      Greenwood, Robin, Denise Han, Dave Habeeb, and Ruth Page. "Faena: Magic in Mid-Miami Beach." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 225-701, September 2024.
      • September 2024 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Carrie Wang: Choosing Between the Family Firm and the Family Spirit

      By: Lauren Cohen, Fei Wu and Sophia Pan
      Carrie Wang, Investment Head of the Wang’s single-family office, contemplated her next career steps. As one of the first businessmen who had risen from China’s industrial rise, her father had grown his wealth to a considerable level, eventually requesting that his... View Details
      Keywords: Family Office; Interests Of Consumers; Family Business; Business Growth and Maturation; Financial Management; Financial Strategy; Financial Markets; Investment Portfolio; Investment Return; Private Equity; Customer Relationship Management; Interests; Reputation; Work-Life Balance; Real Estate Industry; China
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      Cohen, Lauren, Fei Wu, and Sophia Pan. "Carrie Wang: Choosing Between the Family Firm and the Family Spirit." Harvard Business School Case 225-031, September 2024. (Revised May 2025.)
      • September 2024 (Revised December 2024)
      • Case

      Sona Comstar and Blackstone: Unlocking Value Through Business Transformation

      By: Ranjay Gulati and Kanika Jain
      Private equity firm Blackstone’s majority investment in automotive systems manufacturer Sona Comstar had culminated in the largest IPO in the Indian auto components industry in 2021, with stellar returns for all involved. This EV supplier was the result of a 2019... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Decision Making; Engineering; Management; Risk and Uncertainty; Private Equity; Mergers and Acquisitions; Initial Public Offering; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Asia; Southeast Asia
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      Gulati, Ranjay, and Kanika Jain. "Sona Comstar and Blackstone: Unlocking Value Through Business Transformation." Harvard Business School Case 425-035, September 2024. (Revised December 2024.)
      • September 2024
      • Case

      Myeloma Investment Fund

      By: Kyle Myers and Scott Sawaya
      This case explores a critical decision facing the Myeloma Investment Fund (MIF) as it evaluates two investment opportunities aimed at accelerating a cure for multiple myeloma.

      The MIF, a venture philanthropy fund, must choose between two distinct paths. One... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Philanthropy; Biomedical Research; Investing For Impact; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Science-Based Business; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Decision Making; Health Care and Treatment; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Myers, Kyle, and Scott Sawaya. "Myeloma Investment Fund." Harvard Business School Case 625-047, September 2024.
      • September 2024
      • Article

      Activist Directors: Determinants and Consequences

      By: Ian D. Gow, Sa-Pyung Sean Shin and Suraj Srinivasan
      This paper examines determinants and consequences of hedge fund activism, focusing on activist directors, i.e., directors appointed in response to activist demands. Using a sample of 3,259 activism events from 2004 to 2016, we identify 1,623 activist directors.... View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Investment Activism; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Gow, Ian D., Sa-Pyung Sean Shin, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Activist Directors: Determinants and Consequences." Review of Accounting Studies 29, no. 3 (September 2024): 2578–2616.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Finance Without Exotic Risk

      By: Pedro Bordalo, Nicola Gennaioli, Rafael La Porta and Andrei Shleifer
      We address the joint hypothesis problem in cross-sectional asset pricing by using measured analyst expectations of earnings growth. We construct a firm-level measure of Expectations Based Returns (EBRs) that uses analyst forecast errors and revisions and shuts down any... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Return; Financial Markets; Behavioral Finance; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Bordalo, Pedro, Nicola Gennaioli, Rafael La Porta, and Andrei Shleifer. "Finance Without Exotic Risk." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33004, September 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Primary Capital Market Transactions and Index Funds

      By: Marco Sammon and Chris Murray
      We document the effects of mechanical buying by CRSP-index-tracking funds on post-IPO returns and IPO deal structure. Leveraging a difference-in-differences-style design built on a 2017 CRSP rule change, we find that expected index fund demand leads fast track IPOs to... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Funds; Initial Public Offering; Investment Return; Price; Market Transactions; Financial Markets
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      Sammon, Marco, and Chris Murray. "Primary Capital Market Transactions and Index Funds." Working Paper, August 2024.
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