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Publications

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      • Faculty Publications  (56)

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      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States

      By: Shai Bernstein, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade and Beatriz Pousada
      We characterize the contribution of immigrants to US innovation, both through their direct productivity as well as through their indirect spillover effects on their native collaborators. To do so, we link patent records to a database containing the first five digits of...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Economic Growth; Immigrants; Innovation and Invention; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Patents; Innovation Strategy
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      Bernstein, Shai, Rebecca Diamond, Abhisit Jiranaphawiboon, Timothy McQuade, and Beatriz Pousada. "The Contribution of High-Skilled Immigrants to Innovation in the United States." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-065, December 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30797, December 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Ties That No Longer Bind: Inventor Mobility and Patent Litigation

      By: Daniel Jay Brown and Maria Roche
      The retention of inventor-employees represents a core strategic concern for firms in innovative industries. In this paper, we examine the impact of reduced patent enforceability on the mobility of inventor-employees and explore the related influence on firms’...  View Details
      Keywords: Mobility; Inventors; Patent Enforceability; Skills; Strategic Human Capital; Retention; Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property
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      Brown, Daniel Jay, and Maria Roche. "The Ties That No Longer Bind: Inventor Mobility and Patent Litigation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-021, October 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Innovation on Wings: Nonstop Flights and Firm Innovation in the Global Context

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Do Yoon Kim and Wesley W. Koo
      We study whether, when, and how better connectivity through nonstop flights leads to positive innovation outcomes for firms in the global context. Using unique data of all flights emanating from 5,015 airports around the globe from 2005 to 2015 and exploiting a...  View Details
      Keywords: Nonstop Flights; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Patents; Research and Development; Air Transportation Industry
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Do Yoon Kim, and Wesley W. Koo. "Innovation on Wings: Nonstop Flights and Firm Innovation in the Global Context." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-009, July 2022.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention

      By: Brad Chattergoon and William R. Kerr
      U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Invention; Agglomeration; Artificial Intelligence; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Applications and Software; Industry Clusters; AI and Machine Learning
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      Chattergoon, Brad, and William R. Kerr. "Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention." Art. 104418. Research Policy 51, no. 2 (March 2022).
      • February 2022
      • Article

      Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
      This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the twentieth century. We build a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920, and a historical state-level corporate tax database with corporate tax...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Income Taxes; Corporate Taxation; Firms; Inventors; State Taxation; Business Taxation; R&D Tax Credits; Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." Quarterly Journal of Economics 137, no. 1 (February 2022): 329–385.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sara Signorelli and James M. Sappenfield
      Leveraging a unique dataset merging patent data with all work-related migration reforms that took place in 15 countries over 26 years, we show that reforms discouraging inventor mobility decrease the patenting of MNE subsidiaries within a country, while reforms...  View Details
      Keywords: Migration; Technology; Policy Evaluation; Patents; Information Technology; Immigration; Policy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Globalization
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, Sara Signorelli, and James M. Sappenfield. "Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-047, January 2022. (Revised December 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention

      By: Brad Chattergoon and William R. Kerr
      U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial...  View Details
      Keywords: Invention; Innovation; Artificial Intelligence; Clusters; Agglomeration; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Applications and Software; Industry Clusters; United States
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      Chattergoon, Brad, and William R. Kerr. "Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-027, October 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29456, November 2021.)
      • June 18, 2021
      • Article

      Who Do We Invent for? Patents by Women Focus More on Women's Health, but Few Women Get to Invent

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sampsa Samila and John-Paul Ferguson
      Women engage in less commercial patenting and invention than do men, which may affect what is invented. Using text analysis of all U.S. biomedical patents filed from 1976 through 2010, we found that patents with all-female inventor teams are 35% more likely than...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Gender Bias; Health; Innovation and Invention; Research; Patents; Gender; Prejudice and Bias
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sampsa Samila, and John-Paul Ferguson. "Who Do We Invent for? Patents by Women Focus More on Women's Health, but Few Women Get to Invent." Science 372, no. 6548 (June 18, 2021): 1345–1348.
      • January 2021
      • Article

      Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?

      By: Hongyu Xiao, Andy Wu and Jaeho Kim
      We estimate the causal effect of workplace–home commuting distance on inventor productivity. We construct a novel panel of U.S. inventors with precisely measured workplace–home distances and inventor-level productivity. Our identification strategy exploits firm office...  View Details
      Keywords: Commuting; Proximity; Inventors; Innovation; Relocation; Telecommuting; Geographic Location; Technological Innovation; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; United States
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      Xiao, Hongyu, Andy Wu, and Jaeho Kim. "Commuting and Innovation: Are Closer Inventors More Productive?" Art. 103300. Journal of Urban Economics 121 (January 2021).
      • November 2020
      • Article

      Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations

      By: Dany Bahar, Prithwiraj Choudhury and Hillel Rapoport
      We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the migrants’ receiving countries. We find that countries are 25 to 60 percent more likely to gain advantage in patenting in certain technologies given a twofold...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Migration; Patent; Knowledge; Innovation and Invention; Immigration; Patents; Information Technology; Knowledge Dissemination
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Hillel Rapoport. "Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations." Special Issue on STEM Migration, Research, and Innovation. Research Policy 49, no. 9 (November 2020).
      • September 2020
      • Case

      The Black New Venture Competition

      By: Karen Mills, Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin Sinozich and Gabriella Elanbeck
      Black entrepreneurs encounter many unique obstacles when raising capital to start and grow a business. During their second year at Harvard Business School (HBS), MBA students Kimberly Foster and Tyler Simpson decided to do something to make a difference for...  View Details
      Keywords: Startup; Start-up; Startup Financing; Startups; Start-ups; African-American Protagonist; African-american Entrepreneurs; African-american Investors; African-Americans; African-American Women; Black Leadership; Black Inventors; Black Entrepreneurs; Harvard Business School; Harvard; Business And Society; Early Stage Funding; Early Stage Finance; Technology Entrepreneurship; Discrimination; Technology Ventures; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Financing; Business Plan; Business Startups; Business Ventures; Financing and Loans; Business Growth and Maturation; Diversity; Gender; Race; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Small Business; Leadership; Information Technology; Competition; Technology Industry
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      Mills, Karen, Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin Sinozich, and Gabriella Elanbeck. "The Black New Venture Competition." Harvard Business School Case 821-029, September 2020.
      • September 2020
      • Teaching Plan

      Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship

      By: George Serafeim
      Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques had spent the summer between their first and second years of their MBA program fund raising for their start-up venture capital (VC) firm, Harlem Capital Partners. Harlem Capital was founded upon the principle that addressing the...  View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital Firm Compensation; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurial Financing; Black Entrepreneurs; Black Leadership; Black Inventors; Inclusion; Minority-owned Businesses; Race And Ethnicity; Race Characteristics; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Diversity; Race; Gender; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George. "Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 121-027, September 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      Inventor Gender and the Direction of Invention

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sampsa Samila and John-Paul Ferguson
      We study whether increasing the share of female inventors leads to more biomedical inventions that focus on the needs of women. After accounting for detailed disease-technology, disease-year, and technology-year fixed effects, we find that a 10 percentage point...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation and Invention; Gender; Patents
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sampsa Samila, and John-Paul Ferguson. "Inventor Gender and the Direction of Invention." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 2020): 250–254.
      • March 2020
      • Article

      Organizing Knowledge Production Teams Within Firms for Innovation

      By: Vikas A. Aggarwal, David H. Hsu and Andy Wu
      How should firms organize their pool of inventive human capital for firm-level innovation? While access to diverse knowledge may aid knowledge recombination, which can facilitate innovation, prior literature has focused primarily on one way of achieving that: diversity...  View Details
      Keywords: Knowledge Recombination; Organization Design; Team Boundary; Innovation; Knowledge Sharing; Diversity; Innovation and Invention; Groups and Teams; Human Capital; Organizational Design
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      Aggarwal, Vikas A., David H. Hsu, and Andy Wu. "Organizing Knowledge Production Teams Within Firms for Innovation." Art. 1. Strategy Science 5, no. 1 (March 2020): 1–16. (Lead article.)
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      Immigrant Networking and Collaboration: Survey Evidence from CIC

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr
      Networking and the giving and receiving of advice outside of one's own firm are important features of entrepreneurship and innovation. We study how immigrants and natives utilize the potential networking opportunities provided by CIC, formerly known as the Cambridge...  View Details
      Keywords: Immigrants; Networking; Advice; Entrepreneurs; Inventors; Start-up Employees; Venturing; Co-working; Agglomeration; Immigration; Entrepreneurship; Networks; Innovation and Invention; Social and Collaborative Networks
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. Kerr. "Immigrant Networking and Collaboration: Survey Evidence from CIC." In The Roles of Immigrants and Foreign Students in U.S. Science, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, edited by Ina Ganguli, Shulamit Kahn, and Megan MacGarvie. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2020.
      • October 2019
      • Case

      Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship (A)

      By: George Serafeim and David Freiberg
      Jarrid Tingle and Henri Pierre-Jacques had spent the summer between their first and second years of their Harvard Business School MBA program fund raising for their start-up venture capital (VC) firm, Harlem Capital Partners. Harlem Capital was founded upon the...  View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Gender Bias; Gender Inequality; Minority Representation; Entrepreneurial Finance; Investment Management; Investing; Inequality; Race And Ethnicity; Black Entrepreneurs; Black Inventors; Black Leadership; Venture Investing; Fund Raising; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; Diversity; Gender; Race; Equality and Inequality; Equity; Mission and Purpose; Investment Funds; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Serafeim, George, and David Freiberg. "Harlem Capital: Changing the Face of Entrepreneurship (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-040, October 2019.
      • Article

      Risk Attitudes and Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs and Venture Team Members

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr and Margaret Dalton
      Personality distinctions between entrepreneurs, nonfounder CEOs/leaders, and inventor employees have received limited attention, especially in innovative settings where they are working together. We surveyed these groups, along with other employees of innovative firms,...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurs; Inventors; Innovation; Risk; Personal Characteristics; Innovation and Invention; Risk and Uncertainty; Attitudes
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, William R. Kerr, and Margaret Dalton. "Risk Attitudes and Personality Traits of Entrepreneurs and Venture Team Members." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (September 3, 2019): 17712–17716.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Who Do We Invent for? Patents by Women Focus More on Women's Health, but Few Women Get to Invent

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sampsa Samila and John-Paul Ferguson
      Has the increase in female medical researchers led to more medical advances for women? In this paper, we investigate if the gender of inventors shapes their types of inventions. Using data on the universe of U.S. biomedical patents, we find that patents with women...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Biomedical Research; Innovation and Invention; Diversity; Gender; Research; Health; United States
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sampsa Samila, and John-Paul Ferguson. "Who Do We Invent for? Patents by Women Focus More on Women's Health, but Few Women Get to Invent." Working Paper. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-124, June 2019; SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3401889, June 2019.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury
      We investigate the relationship between the presence of migrant inventors and the dynamics of innovation in the migrants’ receiving countries. We find that countries are 25% to 50% more likely to gain advantage in patenting in certain technologies given a twofold...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Migration; Patent; Immigration; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Information Technology; Knowledge Dissemination
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      Bahar, Dany, Prithwiraj Choudhury, and Hillel Rapoport. "Migrant Inventors and the Technological Advantage of Nations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-119, May 2019.
      • February 2019
      • Article

      The Ethnic Migrant Inventor Effect: Codification and Recombination of Knowledge Across Borders

      By: Prithwiraj Choudhury and Do Yoon Kim
      Ethnic migrant inventors may differ from locals in terms of the knowledge they bring to host firms. We study the role of first-generation ethnic migrant inventors in cross-border transfer of knowledge previously locked within the cultural context of their home regions....  View Details
      Keywords: Skilled Migration; Ethnic Migration; First-generation Migrant; Cultural Context; Knowledge Flows; Knowledge Reuse; Knowledge Recombination; Recombinant Creation; H1B Visas; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Knowledge Dissemination; Immigration; Ethnicity; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Choudhury, Prithwiraj, and Do Yoon Kim. "The Ethnic Migrant Inventor Effect: Codification and Recombination of Knowledge Across Borders." Strategic Management Journal 40, no. 2 (February 2019): 203–229.
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