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- 2020
- Working Paper
The Unexpected Benefits and Underlying Motivations for Communicating COVID-19 Contagion Risks When Rejecting In-Person Social Invitations
By: T. Schlager, A. Wilson and A.V. Whillans
Across five studies (N=3,071), we explore the interpersonal consequences of COVID risk communication when rejecting social invitations. In Study 1, people underestimate the benefits and overestimate the costs of rejecting social invitations for risk-related reasons. In...
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- March 2020
- Technical Note
Influencer Marketing
By: Jill Avery and Ayelet Israeli
Despite a heavy barrage of advertising, most consumers declare that their purchases are most influenced by the experiences, advice, and recommendations of others, and not by marketers. Interpersonal communication between and among consumers serves as a potent path for...
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- September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
- Case
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...
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Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Social Networking;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And Processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community relations;
Business And Government relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism And News Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- September 2019
- Article
The Interpersonal Costs of Dishonesty: How Dishonest Behavior Reduces Individuals' Ability to Read Others' Emotions
By: J.J. Lee, H. Hardin, B. Parmar and F. Gino
In this research, we examine the unintended consequences of dishonest behavior for one’s interpersonal abilities and subsequent ethical behavior. Specifically, we unpack how dishonest conduct can reduce one’s generalized empathic accuracy—the ability to accurately read...
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- July 2019
- Article
The Gravitational Pull of Expressing Passion: When and How Expressing Passion Elicits Status Conferral and Support from Others
By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Christopher To, Shira Agasi, Stéphane Côté and Adam D. Galinsky
Prior research attributes the positive effects of passion on professional success to intrapersonal characteristics. We propose that interpersonal processes are also critical because observers confer status on and support those who express passion. These interpersonal...
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- April 2019
- Article
Mitigating Malicious Envy: Why Successful Individuals Should Reveal Their Failures
People often feel malicious envy, a destructive interpersonal emotion, when they compare themselves to successful peers. Across three online experiments and a field experiment of entrepreneurs, we identify an interpersonal strategy that can mitigate feelings of...
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- February 2019
- Article
Pettiness in Social Exchange
By: Tami Kim, Ting Zhang and Michael I. Norton
We identify and document a novel construct—pettiness, or intentional attentiveness to trivial details—and examine its (negative) implications in interpersonal relationships and social exchange. Seven studies show that pettiness manifests across different types of...
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- 2018
- Working Paper
Status Inconsistency: Variance in One's Status Across Groups Harms Well-being but Improves Perspective-taking
By: Catarina Fernandes and Alison Wood Brooks
Most people belong to many different groups. While some people experience consistently high or low status across all of their groups, others experience wildly different levels of status in each group. In this research, we examine how status inconsistency – the degree...
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- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 717-473.
In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and...
View Details
Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And Processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community relations;
Business And Government relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism And News Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-426.
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking...
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Keywords:
Tencent;
Tencent Holdings;
Wechat;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Video Games;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Portals;
Payments;
Mobile Payments;
O2o;
Online-to-offline;
E-commerce;
Messaging;
Subscription Model;
Freemium;
Mobile App Industry;
Smartphone;
Pc;
Monetization Strategy;
Antitrust;
Streaming;
Cloud Computing;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Alibaba;
Facebook;
Jd.com;
Tesla;
Bundling;
Synergies;
Digital Strategy;
Imitation;
Licensing;
Agility;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Joint Ventures;
Restructuring;
Communication Technology;
Blogs;
Interactive Communication;
interpersonal Communication;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Business History;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business Or Company Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Industry Growth;
Monopoly;
Media;
Distribution Channels;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Government relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Opportunities;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Search Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Value Creation;
Emerging Markets;
Product Development;
Segmentation;
Business Units;
Communication;
Profit;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Motion Pictures And Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
China;
Canton (province, China)
- September 2017
- Case
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking service provider with several of the...
View Details
Keywords:
Tencent;
Tencent Holdings;
Wechat;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Video Games;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Portals;
Payments;
Mobile Payments;
O2o;
Online-to-offline;
E-commerce;
Messaging;
Subscription Model;
Freemium;
Mobile App Industry;
Smartphone;
Pc;
Monetization Strategy;
Antitrust;
Streaming;
Cloud Computing;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Alibaba;
Facebook;
Jd.com;
Tesla;
Bundling;
Synergies;
Digital Strategy;
Imitation;
Licensing;
Agility;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Business Units;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Joint Ventures;
Restructuring;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Blogs;
Interactive Communication;
interpersonal Communication;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Business History;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business Or Company Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Industry Growth;
Monopoly;
Media;
Distribution Channels;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Government relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Opportunities;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Search Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Value Creation;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Motion Pictures And Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
China;
Canton (province, China)
- March 2017 (Revised September 2017)
- Case
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells and Carole A. Winkler
In January 2017, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The election of Donald Trump as the next president of the United States in November 2016 had triggered a national storm of protests, and many attributed Trump’s victory to...
View Details
Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Social Networking;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And Industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And Processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
Industry Growth;
Industry Structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community relations;
Business And Government relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising Industry;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment And Recreation Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Journalism And News Industry;
Media And Broadcasting Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- June 2012
- Article
The Transparency Paradox: A Role for Privacy in Organizational Learning and Operational Control
Using data from embedded participant-observers and a field experiment at the second largest mobile phone factory in the world, located in China, I theorize and test the implications of transparent organizational design on workers' productivity and organizational...
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Keywords:
Transparency;
Privacy;
Organizational Learning;
Operational Control;
Organizational Performance;
Chinese Manufacturing;
Field Experiment;
Rights;
interpersonal Communication;
Management Practices And Processes;
Ethics;
Corporate Disclosure;
Performance Productivity;
Boundaries;
Organizations;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Labor And Management relations;
Power And Influence;
Manufacturing Industry;
China
- August 2011 (Revised November 2012)
- Case
Mary Griffin at Derby Foods
By: Anthony J. Mayo and Joshua D. Margolis
Mary Griffin, Vice President of Consumer Products, must provide feedback to one of her direct reports, Simon York. York is a strong performer, but he has displayed some poor interpersonal skills in the manner in which he interacts with his team and the production...
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- Article
Fluid Tasks and Fluid Teams: The Impact of Diversity in Experience and Team Familiarity on Team Performance
By: Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
In this paper, we consider how the structures of tasks and teams interact to affect team performance. We study the effects of diversity in experience on a team's ability to respond to task changes by separately examining interpersonal team diversity (i.e., differences...
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- 2011
- Working Paper
The Importance of Work Context in Organizational Learning from Error
By: Lucy H. MacPhail and Amy C. Edmondson
This paper examines the implications of work context for learning from errors in organizations. Prior research has shown that attitudes and behaviors related to error vary between groups within organizations but has not investigated or theorized the ways in which...
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- 2009
- Working Paper
Opening Up or Shutting Down? The Effects of Multiple Identities on Problem Solving
Across three studies, I investigate the distinct effects of multiple identity conflict and enhancement within people on two crucial aspects of resolving problems with others: integrative behavior and openness. The results of two studies support the hypotheses that...
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- 2009
- Working Paper
Fluid Tasks and Fluid Teams: The Impact of Diversity in Experience and Team Familiarity on Team Performance
By: Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
In this paper, we consider how the structures of tasks and teams interact to affect team performance. We study the effects of diversity in experience on a team's ability to respond to task changes, by separately examining interpersonal team diversity (i.e., differences...
View Details
- August 2000
- Case
Belmont Industries, Inc. (A)
By: Joseph L. Bower
A new general manager has to propose a salary structure for the top 20 managers. His task is complicated as he learns about past performance, ambitions, interpersonal relations, and market conditions. A rewritten version of an earlier case.
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- August 1999
- Case
Leaving
By: David A. Thomas
A company supervisor listens to an employee, an African American woman, announce she is leaving the company and tries to understand the situation.
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