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Publications

Publications

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  • All HBS Web  (205)
    • Faculty Publications  (32)

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    • All HBS Web  (205)
      • Faculty Publications  (32)

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      How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework
      How Much Is a Win Worth? An Application to Intercollegiate Athletics
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      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Social Influence in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Community Establishments’ Closure Decisions Follow Those of Nearby Chain Establishments

      By: Abhishek Nagaraj, Mathijs de Vaan, Saqib Mumtaz and Sameer Srivastava
      As conveners that bring various stakeholders into the same physical space, firms can powerfully influence the course of pandemics such as COVID-19. Even when operating under government orders and health guidelines, firms have considerable discretion to keep their...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Peer Influence; Closure Decisions; Health Pandemics; Business Ventures; Decisions; Business and Community Relations
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      Nagaraj, Abhishek, Mathijs de Vaan, Saqib Mumtaz, and Sameer Srivastava. "Social Influence in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Community Establishments’ Closure Decisions Follow Those of Nearby Chain Establishments." Working Paper, December 2020.
      • December 2020
      • Article

      Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation

      By: Maria P. Roche
      In this paper, we analyze how the physical layout of cities affects innovation by influencing the organization of knowledge exchange. We exploit a novel data set covering all Census Block Groups in the contiguous United States with information on innovation outcomes,...  View Details
      Keywords: Microgeography; Innovation; Street Infrastructure; Knowledge Exchange; Interactions; Geography; City; Innovation and Invention; Knowledge Sharing
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      Roche, Maria P. "Taking Innovation to the Streets: Micro-geography, Physical Structure and Innovation." Review of Economics and Statistics 102, no. 5 (December 2020): 912–928.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses

      By: Alexander Bartik, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton and Adi Sunderam
      The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) aimed to quickly deliver hundreds of billions of dollars of loans to small businesses, with the loans administered via private banks. In this paper, we use firm-level data to document the demand and supply of PPP funds. Using an...  View Details
      Keywords: Paycheck Protection Program; Targeting; Impact; Entrepreneurship; Health Pandemics; Small Business; Financing and Loans; Outcome or Result; United States
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      Bartik, Alexander, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, Christopher Stanton, and Adi Sunderam. "The Targeting and Impact of Paycheck Protection Program Loans to Small Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-021, August 2020.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      A Little Help from My Friends: How Receiving Assistance Affects Participation in Online Knowledge-Sharing Communities

      By: Eunkwang Seo, Frank Nagle and Sonali K. Shah
      Online knowledge-sharing communities are important arenas for the development and exchange of knowledge; both firm participation and sponsorship in communities are increasing, as is scholarly interest in understanding how interactions between members shape subsequent...  View Details
      Keywords: Online Communities; Knowledge Development; Innovation; Reciprocity; Knowledge Sharing; Networks; Innovation and Invention; Interpersonal Communication
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      Seo, Eunkwang, Frank Nagle, and Sonali K. Shah. "A Little Help from My Friends: How Receiving Assistance Affects Participation in Online Knowledge-Sharing Communities." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-026, August 2020.
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Financial Hardship of People Living in Poverty by Fraying the Community Buffer

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Barnabas Szaszi, Marcel Lukas, David Smerdon, Jaideep Prabhu and Elke U. Weber
      The current research investigates whether higher economic inequality disproportionately intensifies the financial hardship of low-income individuals. We propose that higher economic inequality increases financial hardship for low-income individuals by reducing their...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Economy; Income; Equality and Inequality; Poverty; Civil Society or Community
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Barnabas Szaszi, Marcel Lukas, David Smerdon, Jaideep Prabhu, and Elke U. Weber. "Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Financial Hardship of People Living in Poverty by Fraying the Community Buffer." Special Issue on Racism in Action. Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 7 (July 2020): 702–712.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship

      By: Nataliya Langburd Wright, Frank Nagle and Shane Greenstein
      Does more activity in open source lead to more entrepreneurial activity and, if so, how much, and in what direction? This study measures how participation on the GitHub open source platform affects the founding of new ventures globally. We estimate these effects using...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Software; Github; Software; Entrepreneurship; Global Range; Development Economics
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      Wright, Nataliya Langburd, Frank Nagle, and Shane Greenstein. "Open Source Software and Global Entrepreneurship." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-139, June 2020. (Revised July 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Business Reopening Decisions and Demand Forecasts During the COVID-19 Pandemic

      By: Dylan Balla-Elliott, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca and Christopher Stanton
      How quickly will American businesses reopen after COVID-19 lockdowns end? We use a nationwide survey of small businesses to measure firms’ expectations about their re-opening and future demand. A plurality of firms in our sample expect to reopen within days of the end...  View Details
      Keywords: Covid-19; Demand Forecasting; Reopening; Health Pandemics; Demand and Consumers; Forecasting and Prediction
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      Balla-Elliott, Dylan, Zoë B. Cullen, Edward L. Glaeser, Michael Luca, and Christopher Stanton. "Business Reopening Decisions and Demand Forecasts During the COVID-19 Pandemic." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 27362, June 2020. (Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-132, June 2020.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Changing In-group Boundaries: The Role of New Immigrant Waves in the U.S.

      By: Vasiliki Fouka, Shom Mazumder and Marco Tabellini
      How do social group boundaries evolve? Does the appearance of a new out-group change the in-group’s perceptions of other out-groups? We introduce a conceptual framework of context-dependent categorization, in which exposure to one minority leads to recategorization of...  View Details
      Keywords: In-group-out-group Relations; Immigration; Race; Attitudes; Boundaries; Prejudice and Bias
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      Fouka, Vasiliki, Shom Mazumder, and Marco Tabellini. "Changing In-group Boundaries: The Role of New Immigrant Waves in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-100, March 2020. (Revise and resubmit at American Political Science Review.)
      • March 2020 (Revised October 2020)
      • Module Note

      Sales Force Compensation

      By: Doug J. Chung
      The author developed this note for scholars, educators, and practitioners that are interested in sales force compensation. It is based on the author’s investigations across a variety of organizations in multiple industries and provides a conceptual framework for the...  View Details
      Keywords: Sales Strategy; Sales Force Management; Sales Compensation; Salary; Commissions; Bonuses; Quota Setting/updating; Quota Frequency; Extrinsic Vs Intrinsic Motivation; Salesforce Management; Compensation and Benefits; Strategy
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      Chung, Doug J. "Sales Force Compensation." Harvard Business School Module Note 520-084, March 2020. (Revised October 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Chapter

      The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting

      By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
      A key aspect of the governance process inside organizations and markets is the measurement and disclosure of important metrics and information. In this chapter, we examine the effect of sustainability disclosure regulations on firms’ disclosure practices and...  View Details
      Keywords: Mandatory Disclosure; Mandatory Reporting; Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility; Social Impact; Valuation; China; South Africa; Europe; Asia; Regulation; Corporate Disclosure; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Corporate Governance; China; Denmark; Malaysia; South Africa
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "The Consequences of Mandatory Corporate Sustainability Reporting." In The Oxford Handbook of Corporate Social Responsibility: Psychological and Organizational Perspectives, edited by Abagail McWilliams, Deborah E. Rupp, Donald S. Siegel, Günter K. Stahl, and David A. Waldman, 452–489. Oxford University Press, 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing

      By: Rembrand Koning, Sharique Hasan and Aaron Chatterji
      Recent work argues that experimentation is the appropriate framework for entrepreneurial strategy. We investigate this proposition by exploiting the time-varying adoption of A/B testing technology, which has drastically reduced the cost of experimentally testing...  View Details
      Keywords: Experimentation; A/b Testing; Data-driven Decision-making; Entrepreneurship; Strategy; Business Startups; Technology; Performance
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      Koning, Rembrand, Sharique Hasan, and Aaron Chatterji. "Digital Experimentation and Startup Performance: Evidence from A/B Testing." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-018, August 2019. (Revised September 2020. SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3440291, August 2019)
      • March 2019
      • Article

      Open Source Software and Firm Productivity

      By: Frank Nagle
      As open source software (OSS) is increasingly used as a key input by firms, understanding its impact on productivity becomes critical. This study measures the firm-level productivity impact of nonpecuniary (free) OSS and finds a positive and significant value-added...  View Details
      Keywords: Software; Open Source Distribution; Performance Productivity; Information Technology; Strategy
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      Nagle, Frank. "Open Source Software and Firm Productivity." Management Science 65, no. 3 (March 2019): 1191–1215.
      • February 2019 (Revised July 2019)
      • Case

      Sales Force Management at Nobel Ilac

      By: Doug J. Chung and Gamze Yucaoglu
      Nobel Ilac was a Turkish generic pharmaceutical company marketing more than 100 drugs in 20 countries and, as of 2017, had over 2,500 employees worldwide. Nobel had implemented a transformation strategy—more specifically, a customer segmentation plan—whereby the sales...  View Details
      Keywords: Sales Strategy; Compensation; Employee Retention; Recruiting; Pharmaceuticals; Salesforce Management; Strategy; Organizational Design; Human Resources; Compensation and Benefits; Employees; Retention; Recruitment; Pharmaceutical Industry; Turkey
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      Chung, Doug J., and Gamze Yucaoglu. "Sales Force Management at Nobel Ilac." Harvard Business School Case 519-067, February 2019. (Revised July 2019.)
      • September 2018
      • Article

      Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services

      By: Maria Ibanez, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
      Work-scheduling research typically prescribes task sequences implemented by managers. Yet employees often have discretion to deviate from their prescribed sequence. Using data from 2.4 million radiological diagnoses, we find that doctors prioritize similar tasks...  View Details
      Keywords: Discretion; Scheduling; Queue; Healthcare; Learning; Experience; Decentralization; Operations; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Efficiency; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Decisions; Time Management; Cost vs Benefits; Health Industry
      Citation
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      Ibanez, Maria, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman, and Bradley R. Staats. "Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services." Management Science 64, no. 9 (September 2018): 4389–4407. (Working paper available here. Winner of the 2017 Best Paper Competition of the POMS College of Healthcare Operations Management. Featured in Forbes, Quartz, and Inc.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
      This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the 20th century. We use three new datasets: a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920; a dataset of the employment, location, and patents of firms...  View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 24982, September 2018. (Revise and Resubmit Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      And the Children Shall Lead: Gender Diversity and Performance in Venture Capital

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Sophie Q. Wang
      With an overall lack of gender and ethnic diversity in the innovation sector documented in Gompers and Wang (2017), we ask the natural next question: Does increased diversity lead to better firm performances? In this paper, we attempt to answer this question using a...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversity; Gender; Venture Capital; Performance Improvement; Capital Markets
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Sophie Q. Wang. "And the Children Shall Lead: Gender Diversity and Performance in Venture Capital." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-103, May 2017.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      The Rise of American Ingenuity: Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby and Tom Nicholas
      We examine the golden age of U.S. innovation by undertaking a major data collection exercise linking inventors from historical U.S. patents to Federal Censuses between 1880 and 1940 and to regional economic aggregates. We provide a theoretical framework to motivate the...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Development; Patents; Economic Growth; Innovation and Invention; Demographics
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, and Tom Nicholas. "The Rise of American Ingenuity: Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-063, January 2017. (Revised June 2017.)
      • January 2017
      • Article

      Beyond Zeroes and Ones: The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict

      By: Stephen Chaudoin, Zachary Peskowitz and Christopher Stanton
      There is a tremendous amount of variation in conflict intensity both across and within civil conflicts. Some conflicts result in huge numbers of battle deaths, while others do not. Conflict intensity is also dynamic. Conflict intensity escalates, deescalates, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Civil Wars; Political Economy; Conflict; Trade Interdependence; War; Microeconomics
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      Chaudoin, Stephen, Zachary Peskowitz, and Christopher Stanton. "Beyond Zeroes and Ones: The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 1 (January 2017): 56–83.
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services

      By: Maria Ibanez, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman and Bradley R. Staats
      Work scheduling research typically prescribes task sequences implemented by managers. Yet employees often have discretion to deviate from their prescribed sequence. Using data from 2.4 million radiological diagnoses, we find that doctors prioritize similar tasks...  View Details
      Keywords: Discretion; Scheduling; Queue; Healthcare; Learning; Experience; Decentralization; Delegation; Behavioral Operations; Operations; Service Operations; Service Delivery; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Efficiency; Performance Improvement; Performance Productivity; Decisions; Time Management; Cost vs Benefits; Health Industry
      Citation
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      Ibanez, Maria, Jonathan R. Clark, Robert S. Huckman, and Bradley R. Staats. "Discretionary Task Ordering: Queue Management in Radiological Services." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-051, October 2015. (Revised March 2017.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      Crowdsourced Digital Goods and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Open Source Software

      By: Frank Nagle
      As firms increasingly rely on crowdsourced digital goods, understanding their impact on productivity becomes critical. This study measures the firm-level productivity impact of one such good, non-pecuniary (free) open source software (OSS). The results show a...  View Details
      Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Performance Productivity; Software
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      Nagle, Frank. "Crowdsourced Digital Goods and Firm Productivity: Evidence from Open Source Software." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-062, January 2015. (Revised June 2015.)
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      How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework
      How Much Is a Win Worth? An Application to Intercollegiate Athletics
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