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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (615)
      • Faculty Publications  (61)

      Institutional Theory Remove Institutional Theory →

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      • January–February 2023
      • Article

      Triadic Advocacy Work

      By: Summer R. Jackson and Katherine C. Kellogg
      Scholars of street-level bureaucracy and institutional research focus primarily on the relationships between advocates and their larger bureaucratic and social systems, assuming that advocates have little need to satisfy their beneficiaries. We find otherwise in our...  View Details
      Keywords: Occupations And Professions; Ethnography; Power And Politics; Work And Organizations; Advocacy; Public Management; Justice
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      Jackson, Summer R., and Katherine C. Kellogg. "Triadic Advocacy Work." Organization Science 34, no. 1 (January–February 2023): 456–483.
      • September–October 2022
      • Article

      Seeking Purity, Avoiding Pollution: Strategies for Moral Career Building

      By: Erin Reid and Lakshmi Ramarajan
      This study builds theory on how people construct moral careers. Analyzing interviews with 102 journalists, we show how people build moral careers by seeking jobs that allow them to fulfill both the institution’s moral obligations and their own material aims. We...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Moral Sensibility
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      Reid, Erin, and Lakshmi Ramarajan. "Seeking Purity, Avoiding Pollution: Strategies for Moral Career Building." Organization Science 33, no. 5 (September–October 2022): 1909–1937.
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel

      By: Victoria Ivashina, Luc Laeven and Enrique Moral-Benito
      Using credit-registry data for Spain and Peru, we document that four main types of commercial credit—asset-based loans, cash flow loans, trade finance and leasing—are easily identifiable and represent the bulk of corporate credit. We show that credit growth dynamics...  View Details
      Keywords: Bank Credit; Loan Types; Bank Lending Channel; Credit Registry; Banks and Banking; Credit; Financing and Loans
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Luc Laeven, and Enrique Moral-Benito. "Loan Types and the Bank Lending Channel." Journal of Monetary Economics 126 (March 2022): 171–187.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism

      By: Yanhua Bird, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Activist pressure has prompted many companies to adopt formal corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies, but can ongoing activist pressure influence whether companies effectively implement these policies? Drawing on and extending the private politics and...  View Details
      Keywords: Monitoring; Apparel Manufacturing; Protests; Activism; Union; Compensation; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Quality; Safety; Social Issues; Labor Unions; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Retail Industry; Apparel and Accessories Industry; China
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      Bird, Yanhua, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Coupling and Coupling Compromises in Supplier Factories' Responses to Worker Activism." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-114, April 2021. (Revised November 2022.)
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      No-fault Default, Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, and Financial Institutions

      By: Robert C. Merton and Richard T. Thakor
      This paper analyzes the costs and benefits of a no-fault-default debt structure as an alternative to the typical bankruptcy process. We show that the deadweight costs of bankruptcy can be avoided or substantially reduced through no-fault-default debt, which permits a...  View Details
      Keywords: No-fault Default; Chapter 11; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Borrowing and Debt; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Financial Institutions; Contracts
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      Merton, Robert C., and Richard T. Thakor. "No-fault Default, Chapter 11 Bankruptcy, and Financial Institutions." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 28341, January 2021.
      • June 2020
      • Article

      Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model

      By: Rory McDonald and Kathleen Eisenhardt
      Prior research advances several explanations for entrepreneurial success in nascent markets but leaves a key imperative unexplored: the business model. By studying five ventures in the same nascent market, we develop a novel theoretical framework for understanding how...  View Details
      Keywords: Search; Legitimacy; Organizational Innovation; Organizational Learning; Mechanisms And Processes; Institutional Entrepreneurship; Qualitative Methods; Business Model Design; Business Model; Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Adaptation; Competition; Strategy
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      McDonald, Rory, and Kathleen Eisenhardt. "Parallel Play: Startups, Nascent Markets, and the Effective Design of a Business Model." Administrative Science Quarterly 65, no. 2 (June 2020): 483–523.
      • March–April 2020
      • Article

      An Institutional Approach to Gender Diversity and Firm Performance

      By: Letian Zhang
      This study examines data from 35 countries and 24 industries to understand the relationship between gender diversity and firm performance. Previous studies report conflicting evidence: some find that gender-diverse firms experience more positive performance and others...  View Details
      Keywords: Institutional Theory; Cross-cultural; Diversity; Gender; Organizations; Performance; Situation or Environment; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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      Zhang, Letian. "An Institutional Approach to Gender Diversity and Firm Performance." Organization Science 31, no. 2 (March–April 2020): 439–457.
      • September 2019 (Revised February 2020)
      • Teaching Note

      Commonwealth Bank of Australia: Unbanklike Experimentation

      By: Ryan W. Buell and Leslie K. John
      Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

      This Teaching Note explains the theory of the case and teaching plan for the case: Commonwealth Bank of Australia: Unbanklike Experimentation (619-018). In August 2017,...  View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Experimentation; Banks and Banking; Credit Cards; Customer Focus and Relationships; Competitive Strategy; Banking Industry; Australia
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      Buell, Ryan W., and Leslie K. John. "Commonwealth Bank of Australia: Unbanklike Experimentation." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 620-041, September 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
      • 2018
      • Book

      A Crisis of Beliefs: Investor Psychology and Financial Fragility

      By: Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
      The collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 caught markets and regulators by surprise. Although the government rushed to rescue other financial institutions from a similar fate after Lehman, it could not prevent the deepest recession in postwar history. A...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Fragility; Economic Risk; Investor Behavior; Behavioral Economics; Financial Crisis; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Markets; Investment; Values and Beliefs; United States
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      Gennaioli, Nicola, and Andrei Shleifer. A Crisis of Beliefs: Investor Psychology and Financial Fragility. Princeton University Press, 2018.
      • Article

      Investors as Stewards of the Commons?

      By: George Serafeim
      Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the number of initiatives seeking to mobilize investor voice towards positive social impact. In this paper, I provide a framework outlining the role of investors as stewards of the commons. While...  View Details
      Keywords: Collaboration; Industry Self-regulation; Sustainability; ESG; Capital Markets; Investor Behavior; Investment Activism; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Cooperation
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      Serafeim, George. "Investors as Stewards of the Commons?" Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 30, no. 2 (Spring 2018): 8–17.
      • June 2017
      • Article

      The Social Trajectory of a Finance Professor and the Common Sense of Capital

      By: Marion Fourcade and Rakesh Khurana
      This paper traces the career of Michael Jensen, a Chicago finance PhD turned Harvard Business School professor to reveal the intellectual and social conditions that enabled the emergence and institutionalization of what we call the “neoliberal common sense of capital,”...  View Details
      Keywords: Executive Pay; The Firm; Michael Jensen; Neo-Liberalism; Shareholder Value; Agency Theory; Corporate Governance; Executive Compensation; Business and Shareholder Relations; Transformation
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      Fourcade, Marion, and Rakesh Khurana. "The Social Trajectory of a Finance Professor and the Common Sense of Capital." History of Political Economy 49, no. 2 (June 2017): 347–381.
      • March 2017
      • Article

      Institutional Ownership and Corporate Tax Avoidance: New Evidence

      By: Mozaffar N. Khan, Suraj Srinivasan and Liang Tan
      We provide new evidence on the agency theory of corporate tax avoidance (Slemrod, 2004; Crocker and Slemrod, 2005; Chen and Chu, 2005) by showing that increases in institutional ownership are associated with increases in tax avoidance. Using the Russell index...  View Details
      Keywords: Tax Avoidance; Agency Costs; Institutional Ownership; Private Ownership; Crime and Corruption; Taxation; Agency Theory
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      Khan, Mozaffar N., Suraj Srinivasan, and Liang Tan. "Institutional Ownership and Corporate Tax Avoidance: New Evidence." Accounting Review 92, no. 2 (March 2017): 101–122.
      • December 2016
      • Article

      Corporate Sponsorship in Culture—A Case of Collaborative Marketing by a Global Bank and a Major Art Museum

      By: Ragnar Lund and Stephen A. Greyser
      This paper examines cultural sponsorship from a partnership perspective. It studies the collaboration between two international institutions, a bank and a museum, and their value co-creation with customers and audiences. This in-depth case study of a sponsorship...  View Details
      Keywords: Sponsorship; Co-marketing; Partnerships; International Marketing; Arts Marketing; Relationship Marketing; Museums; Resource Integration; Marketing; Partners and Partnerships; Financial Institutions; Arts
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      Lund, Ragnar, and Stephen A. Greyser. "Corporate Sponsorship in Culture—A Case of Collaborative Marketing by a Global Bank and a Major Art Museum." Journal of Business and Policy Research 11, no. 2 (December 2016): 156–177.
      • March–April 2016
      • Article

      Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing

      By: Christopher Marquis, Michael W. Toffel and Yanhua Zhou
      Under increased pressure to report environmental impacts, some firms selectively disclose relatively benign impacts, creating an impression of transparency while masking their true performance. We identify key company- and country-level factors that limit firms' use of...  View Details
      Keywords: Disclosure Strategy; Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Environmental Strategy; Environment; Symbolic; Reporting; Corporate Disclosure; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Marquis, Christopher, Michael W. Toffel, and Yanhua Zhou. "Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing." Organization Science 27, no. 2 (March–April 2016): 483–504. (Formerly titled "When Do Firms Greenwash? Corporate Visibility, Civil Society Scrutiny, and Environmental Disclosure.")
      • Article

      Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Bank Regulation, Capital Structure and the Low Risk Anomaly

      By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Traditional capital structure theory predicts that reducing banks' leverage reduces the risk and cost of equity but does not change the weighted average cost of capital, and thus the rates for borrowers. We confirm that the equity of better-capitalized banks has lower...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Structure; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Bank Regulation, Capital Structure and the Low Risk Anomaly." American Economic Review: Papers and Proceedings 105, no. 5 (May 2015): 315–320.
      • Article

      The Effect of Institutional Factors on the Value of Corporate Diversification

      By: Venkat Kuppuswamy, George Serafeim and Belen Villalonga
      Using a large sample of diversified firms from 38 countries we investigate the influence of several national-level institutional factors or 'institutional voids' on the value of corporate diversification. Specifically, we explore whether the presence of frictions in a...  View Details
      Keywords: Diversification Discount; Institutions; Labor Market; Competition; Human Capital; Diversification; Value; Capital Markets
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      Kuppuswamy, Venkat, George Serafeim, and Belen Villalonga. "The Effect of Institutional Factors on the Value of Corporate Diversification." Advances in Strategic Management 31 (2014).
      • March 2014
      • Article

      Cyclicality of Credit Supply: Firm Level Evidence

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      Theory predicts that there is a close link between bank credit supply and the evolution of the business cycle. Yet fluctuations in bank-loan supply have been hard to quantify in the time series. While loan issuance falls in recessions, it is not clear if this is due to...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Cycles; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Banks and Banking; Bonds; Financial Markets; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Cyclicality of Credit Supply: Firm Level Evidence." Journal of Monetary Economics 62 (March 2014): 76–93.
      • October 2013
      • Article

      How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure

      By: Anil R. Doshi, Glen W.S. Dowell and Michael W. Toffel
      Mandatory information disclosure regulations seek to create institutional pressure to spur performance improvement. By examining how organizational characteristics moderate establishments' responses to a prominent environmental information disclosure program, we...  View Details
      Keywords: Information Disclosure; Institutional Theory; Environmental Strategy; Mandatory Disclosure; Environmental Performance; Information; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Performance Improvement; Environmental Sustainability; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Doshi, Anil R., Glen W.S. Dowell, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 10 (October 2013): 1209–1231. (Featured in The Regulatory Review.)
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures

      By: Matthew Lee and Julie Battilana
      Hybrid organizations that combine multiple, existing organizational forms are frequently proposed as a source of organizational innovation, yet little is known about the origins of such organizations. We propose that individual founders of hybrid organizations acquire...  View Details
      Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Imprinting; Institutional Theory; Social Entrepreneurship; Organizations
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      Lee, Matthew, and Julie Battilana. "How the Zebra Got Its Stripes: Imprinting of Individuals and Hybrid Social Ventures." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-005, July 2013.
      • 2013
      • Working Paper

      Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Banking Regulation and the Low Risk Anomaly

      By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
      Minimum capital requirements are a central tool of banking regulation. Setting them balances a number of factors, including any effects on the cost of capital and in turn the rates available to borrowers. Standard theory predicts that, in perfect and efficient capital...  View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Cost of Capital; Capital Markets; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry; United States
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Do Strict Capital Requirements Raise the Cost of Capital? Banking Regulation and the Low Risk Anomaly." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 19018, May 2013.
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