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      • Faculty Publications  (58)

      Innovation Clusters Remove Innovation Clusters →

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      • March 2022 (Revised April 2022)
      • Case

      Pittsburgh: A Successful City?

      By: Karen Mills, Caroline Elkins, Vikram Gandhi, Gabriella Elanbeck and Zeke Gillman
      Pittsburgh, PA, was once the crown jewel of American heavy industry. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the city was an undisputed leader in steel production, boasting some of the largest companies and wealthiest individuals in the world. Its abundance of...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic And Social Disparities; Economic Development; Local Economic Development; Contextual Intelligence; Contextual Knowledge; Context; City Growth; City Innovation; City Leadership; Pittsburgh; Local Government; Local Stakeholders; Business And Community; Business And Community Relations; Community Engagement; Community Relations; Cross-sector Collaboration; Innovation; Innovation Economy; Innovation Clusters; Innovation Ecosystems; Shared Prosperity; Equality Of Opportunity; Equity; Inclusion; Business And Government; Business & Government Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Society; Neighborhoods; Race And Ethnicity; Innovation & Entrepreneurship; Diversity; Ethnicity; Race; Household; Income; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Economics; Local Range; Urban Development; Urban Scope; City; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Growth and Development; History; Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Society; Civil Society or Community; Culture; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Public Sector; Social Issues; Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Education Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
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      Mills, Karen, Caroline Elkins, Vikram Gandhi, Gabriella Elanbeck, and Zeke Gillman. "Pittsburgh: A Successful City?" Harvard Business School Case 322-080, March 2022. (Revised April 2022.)
      • March 2022
      • Article

      Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention

      By: Brad Chattergoon and William R. Kerr
      U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Invention; Agglomeration; Artificial Intelligence; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Applications and Software; Industry Clusters; AI and Machine Learning
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      Chattergoon, Brad, and William R. Kerr. "Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention." Art. 104418. Research Policy 51, no. 2 (March 2022).
      • Article

      How NFTs Create Value

      By: Steve Kaczynski and Scott Duke Kominers
      How much could a cluster of pixels possibly be worth? More pointedly, why is it worth anything at all? The explosion of NFTs and their accompanying marketplaces have left many baffled, incredulous, and deeply skeptical. But while NFTs may be fetching eye-popping,...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological And Scientific Innovation; Crypto Economy; Blockchain; Technological Innovation; Currency; Technology Adoption; Digital Transformation
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      Kaczynski, Steve, and Scott Duke Kominers. "How NFTs Create Value." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (November 10, 2021).
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention

      By: Brad Chattergoon and William R. Kerr
      U.S. invention has become increasingly concentrated around major tech centers since the 1970s, with implications for how much cities across the country share in concomitant local benefits. Is invention becoming a winner-takes-all race? We explore the rising spatial...  View Details
      Keywords: Invention; Innovation; Artificial Intelligence; Clusters; Agglomeration; Innovation and Invention; Patents; Applications and Software; Industry Clusters; United States
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      Chattergoon, Brad, and William R. Kerr. "Winner Takes All? Tech Clusters, Population Centers, and the Spatial Transformation of U.S. Invention." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-027, October 2021. (NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29456, November 2021.)
      • Summer 2020
      • Article

      Tech Clusters

      By: William R. Kerr and Frederic Robert-Nicoud
      Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy makers can purposefully...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Agglomeration; Innovation; Industry Clusters; Innovation and Invention; Entrepreneurship; Patents
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      Kerr, William R., and Frederic Robert-Nicoud. "Tech Clusters." Journal of Economic Perspectives 34, no. 3 (Summer 2020): 50–76.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Tech Clusters

      By: William R. Kerr and Frederic Robert-Nicoud
      Tech clusters like Silicon Valley play a central role for modern innovation, business competitiveness, and economic performance. This paper reviews what constitutes a tech cluster, how they function internally, and the degree to which policy makers can purposefully...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Agglomeration; Innovation; Industry Clusters; Innovation and Invention; Entrepreneurship; Patents
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      Kerr, William R., and Frederic Robert-Nicoud. "Tech Clusters." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-063, November 2019. (Revised June 2020.)
      • September 2018
      • Article

      Knowledge Integrators and the Survival of Manufacturing Clusters

      By: Giulio Buciuni and Gary P. Pisano
      Over the past two decades, the greater prevalence of global supply chains has had contrasting effects on Western manufacturing clusters. While some of them dwindled, others proved resilient. Contributing to the recent literature on co-located clusters and clusters'...  View Details
      Keywords: Production; Industry Clusters; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Strategy; Competition
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      Buciuni, Giulio, and Gary P. Pisano. "Knowledge Integrators and the Survival of Manufacturing Clusters." Special Issue on Challenges in International Business Development. Journal of Economic Geography 118, no. 5 (September 2018): 1069–1089.
      • Article

      Navigating Talent Hot Spots

      By: William R. Kerr
      Innovation clusters like San Francisco and Boston have long had an outsize impact on the global economy, and their influence keeps growing. In 2017, for instance, America’s ten largest tech hubs accounted for 58% of U.S. patents. Globally, cities such as Tokyo, Paris,...  View Details
      Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Innovation and Invention; Urban Scope; Industry Clusters; Innovation and Management
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      Kerr, William R. "Navigating Talent Hot Spots." Harvard Business Review 96, no. 5 (September–October 2018): 80–86.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas and Stefanie Stantcheva
      This paper studies the effect of corporate and personal taxes on innovation in the United States over the 20th century. We use three new datasets: a panel of the universe of inventors who patent since 1920; a dataset of the employment, location, and patents of firms...  View Details
      Keywords: Taxation; Innovation and Invention; History; United States
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, Tom Nicholas, and Stefanie Stantcheva. "Taxation and Innovation in the 20th Century." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 24982, September 2018. (Forthcoming in Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
      • 2018
      • Chapter

      The Logic of Agglomeration

      By: Gilles Duranton and William R. Kerr
      This review discusses frontier topics in economic geography as they relate to firms and agglomeration economies. We focus on areas where empirical research is scarce but possible. We first outline a conceptual framework for city formation that allows us to contemplate...  View Details
      Keywords: Agglomeration; Clusters; Innovation; Cities; Industry Clusters; City; Innovation and Invention
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      Duranton, Gilles, and William R. Kerr. "The Logic of Agglomeration." In The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, edited by Gordon Clark, Maryann Feldman, Meric Gertler, and Dariusz Wojcik, 347–365. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018.
      • Article

      Creating Ecotourism in Costa Rica, 1970–2000

      By: Geoffrey Jones and Andrew Spadafora
      Between the 1970s and the 2000s, Costa Rica became established as the world’s leading ecotourism destination. This article argues that although Costa Rica benefited from biodiversity and a pleasant climate, the country’s preeminence in ecotourism requires more than a...  View Details
      Keywords: Ecotourism; Entrepreneurship In Emerging Markets; Sustainable Business And Innovation; Tourism; Green Business; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development; History; Business History; Tourism Industry; Latin America; Costa Rica
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      Jones, Geoffrey, and Andrew Spadafora. "Creating Ecotourism in Costa Rica, 1970–2000." Enterprise & Society 18, no. 1 (March 2017): 146–183.
      • March 2017
      • Teaching Plan

      The Maine Food Cluster Project

      By: Karen Mills
      The case introduces Craig Denekas, the head of the Libra Foundation, an unusual, private foundation based in Maine, which owns three locally based food companies. Denekas has initiated a project to explore how to grow the food sector in Maine, benefiting not only...  View Details
      Keywords: Maine; Clusters; Libra Foundation; Locally-based Companies; Food Industry; Development Economics; Industry Clusters; Food; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Maine
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      Mills, Karen. "The Maine Food Cluster Project." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 317-107, March 2017.
      • December 2016 (Revised December 2018)
      • Case

      From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem

      By: Elie Ofek and Margot Eiran
      In June 2016, Benjamin (Bibi) Netanyahu, Prime Minister of Israel, wrestled with how to sustain Israel’s strong innovation track record and the country’s reputation as the “startup nation.” Despite the economic miracle the country had wrought since its founding, he...  View Details
      Keywords: Israel; Israeli Start-up Nation; Innovation Economy; Entrepreneurial Mindset; Scaling-up; Unicorns; Innovation Clusters; High-tech; Innovation Management; Multinational Corporation R&D Centers; Social Equality; Two-tier Economy; Liberalizing An Economy; Foreign Investment; Military Service; Quality Of Human Capital; Socioeconomic Gaps; Labor Force Participation; Government Initiatives; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Business Startups; Government and Politics; Economy; Equality and Inequality; Education; Resource Allocation; Globalization; Israel
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      Ofek, Elie, and Margot Eiran. "From Start-Up to Grown-Up Nation: The Future of the Israeli Innovation Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 517-066, December 2016. (Revised December 2018.)
      • 2015
      • Working Paper

      The Logic of Agglomeration

      By: Gilles Duranton and William R. Kerr
      This review discusses frontier topics in economic geography as they relate to firms and agglomeration economies. We focus on areas where empirical research is scarce but possible. We first outline a conceptual framework for city formation that allows us to contemplate...  View Details
      Keywords: Agglomeration; Clusters; Cities; Innovation; Industry Clusters; City; Innovation and Invention
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      Duranton, Gilles, and William R. Kerr. "The Logic of Agglomeration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-037, September 2015.
      • Article

      What to Know About Locating in a Cluster

      By: Willy C. Shih and Sen Chai
      As a study of two industry clusters in Denmark shows, factors that can make clusters attractive—easy people movement and knowledge spillovers—can also make it harder for individual companies to retain proprietary knowledge.  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Clustering; Competitiveness; Life Sciences; Telecommunications; Science-based; Research And Development; Industry Clusters; Research; Innovation Strategy; Innovation and Management; Geographic Location; Pharmaceutical Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Denmark
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      Shih, Willy C., and Sen Chai. "What to Know About Locating in a Cluster." Art. 57117. MIT Sloan Management Review 57, no. 1 (Fall 2015): 104–107.
      • 2015
      • Chapter

      Agglomeration and Innovation

      By: Gerald Carlino and William R. Kerr
      This chapter reviews academic research on the connections between agglomeration and innovation. We first describe the conceptual distinctions between invention and innovation. We then describe how these factors are frequently measured in the data and some resulting...  View Details
      Keywords: Industry Clusters; City; Innovation and Invention
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      Carlino, Gerald, and William R. Kerr. "Agglomeration and Innovation." Chap. 6 in Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics. Volume 5, edited by Gilles Duranton, J. Vernon Henderson, and William C. Strange, 349–404. Elsevier, 2015.
      • December 2014
      • Article

      Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance

      By: Mercedes Delgado, Michael E. Porter and Scott Stern
      This paper evaluates the role of regional cluster composition in regional industry performance. On the one hand, diminishing returns to specialization in a location can result in a convergence effect: the growth rate of an industry within a region may be declining in...  View Details
      Keywords: Clusters; Economics; Industry Clusters; Economy; Growth and Development; United States
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      Delgado, Mercedes, Michael E. Porter, and Scott Stern. "Clusters, Convergence, and Economic Performance." Research Policy 43, no. 10 (December 2014): 1785–1799.
      • Summer 2014
      • Article

      Taiwan's PC Industry, 1976–2010: The Evolution of Organizational Capabilities

      By: Howard H. Yu and Willy C. Shih
      The stellar growth of Taiwan's personal computer (PC) industry over the past three decades represents a paradox. Participating in the global production system, local firms in Taiwan grew in association with established firms in the West. Despite their technical...  View Details
      Keywords: Personal Computer; PC; PC Industry; Taiwan PC Industry; Taiwan PC Manufacturers; Innovation and Invention; Innovation and Management; Innovation Strategy; Growth and Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Industry Clusters; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Information Technology; Technological Innovation; Mobile Technology; Information Technology Industry; Taiwan
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      Yu, Howard H., and Willy C. Shih. "Taiwan's PC Industry, 1976–2010: The Evolution of Organizational Capabilities." Business History Review 88, no. 2 (Summer 2014): 329–357.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      The Organizational and Geographic Drivers of Absorptive Capacity: An Empirical Analysis of Pharmaceutical R&D Laboratories

      By: Francesca Lazzeri and Gary P. Pisano
      Scholars and practitioners alike now recognize that a firm's capacity to assimilate and use know-how from external sources—what Cohen and Levinthal (1990) called "absorptive capacity"—plays a central role in innovation performance. In recent years, a common strategy...  View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Industry Clusters; Knowledge Acquisition; Pharmaceutical Industry; San Francisco; San Diego; Massachusetts
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      Lazzeri, Francesca, and Gary P. Pisano. "The Organizational and Geographic Drivers of Absorptive Capacity: An Empirical Analysis of Pharmaceutical R&D Laboratories." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-098, April 2014.
      • 2014
      • Chapter

      Clusters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation

      By: Aaron Chatterji, Edward Glaeser and William R. Kerr
      This chapter reviews recent academic work on the spatial concentration of entrepreneurship and innovation in the United States. We discuss rationales for the agglomeration of these activities and the economic consequences of clusters. We identify and discuss policies...  View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Agglomeration; Clusters; Place Making; Industry Clusters; Entrepreneurship; Innovation and Invention; United States
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      Chatterji, Aaron, Edward Glaeser, and William R. Kerr. "Clusters of Entrepreneurship and Innovation." In Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 14, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, 129–166. University of Chicago Press, 2014.
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