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      • February 13, 2023
      • Editorial

      The Secret Tax on Women’s Time

      By: Lauren C. Howe, Lindsay B. Howe and Ashley V. Whillans
      When studies revealed the so-called pink tax, showing in 2015 that personal hygiene products “for her” cost 13% more than similar products for men, it caused outrage and action. The irony that women, despite generally having fewer financial resources than men, are...  View Details
      Keywords: Gender; Equality and Inequality; Work-Life Balance
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      Howe, Lauren C., Lindsay B. Howe, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Secret Tax on Women’s Time." Time 201, nos. 5-6 (February 13, 2023): 29.
      • February 2023 (Revised March 2023)
      • Case

      Amazon and the Future of Organized Labor

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Trevor Fetter and Grace Liu
      From their peak in the 1950s, private-sector labor unions in the United States declined rapidly in membership and influence, decade after decade. But growing inequality — especially visible during the COVID-19 pandemic — sparked new interest in labor and organizing....  View Details
      Keywords: Working Conditions; Labor Unions
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Trevor Fetter, and Grace Liu. "Amazon and the Future of Organized Labor." Harvard Business School Case 723-030, February 2023. (Revised March 2023.)
      • January 2023
      • Case

      Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant

      By: Brian Trelstad, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
      Brazil's Natura, a multi-brand cosmetics group, has taken several measures to safeguard the livelihoods of its thousands of employees and millions of sales representatives during the COVID-19 health and economic crisis. The company has also made strides in its efforts...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; ESG Reporting; Acquisition; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decision Making; Social Entrepreneurship; Environmental Sustainability; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Global Strategy; Corporate Governance; Health Pandemics; Human Resources; Human Capital; Crisis Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Distribution Channels; Supply Chain; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Customer Ownership; Relationships; Business and Community Relations; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Networks; Partners and Partnerships; Science-Based Business; Reputation; Human Needs; Social Issues; Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Trelstad, Brian, Pedro Levindo, and Carla Larangeira. "Natura: Weathering the Pandemic at Brazil's Cosmetic Giant." Harvard Business School Case 323-065, January 2023.
      • Winter 2022
      • Article

      Distributing a Billion Vaccines: COVAX Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities

      By: Eric Budish, Hannah Kettler, Scott Duke Kominers, Erik Osland, Canice Prendergast and Andrew A. Torkelson
      By January 2022, the COVAX international vaccine collaboration had allocated over a billion vaccines to over 140 countries. We describe and review the allocation process chosen, which reflected both an objective of equitably distributing vaccines across the world and...  View Details
      Keywords: Vaccines; Pandemics; Health Care and Treatment; Health Pandemics; Distribution; Supply Chain; Equality and Inequality
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      Budish, Eric, Hannah Kettler, Scott Duke Kominers, Erik Osland, Canice Prendergast, and Andrew A. Torkelson. "Distributing a Billion Vaccines: COVAX Successes, Challenges, and Opportunities." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 38, no. 4 (Winter 2022): 941–974.
      • November 2022
      • Case

      'A Marshall Plan for Africa': James Mwangi and Equity Group Holdings

      By: Caroline M. Elkins, Debora L. Spar, Zeke Gillman and Julia M. Comeau
      Keywords: Bank; Income Inequality; Banking; Micro Finance; Microcredit; Africa; Kenya
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      Elkins, Caroline M., Debora L. Spar, Zeke Gillman, and Julia M. Comeau. "'A Marshall Plan for Africa': James Mwangi and Equity Group Holdings." Harvard Business School Case 323-048, November 2022.
      • November 11, 2022
      • Editorial

      Finally Companies Have to Be Upfront about Job Pay Ranges

      By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter
      The significance of pay transparency laws is their role in moving American workplaces away from bias and closer to equal opportunity.  View Details
      Keywords: Pay; Salary; Pay Gap; Transparency; Wages; Compensation and Benefits; Recruitment; Equality and Inequality
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      Kanter, Rosabeth Moss. "Finally Companies Have to Be Upfront about Job Pay Ranges." CNN.com (November 11, 2022). (Opinion.)
      • November 2022
      • Article

      Measuring Inequality beyond the Gini Coefficient May Clarify Conflicting Findings

      By: Kristin Blesch, Oliver P. Hauser and Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Prior research has found mixed results on how economic inequality is related to various outcomes. These contradicting findings may in part stem from a predominant focus on the Gini coefficient, which only narrowly captures inequality. Here, we conceptualize the...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Gini Coefficient; Income Inequality; Equality and Inequality; Social Issues; Health; Status and Position
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      Blesch, Kristin, Oliver P. Hauser, and Jon M. Jachimowicz. "Measuring Inequality beyond the Gini Coefficient May Clarify Conflicting Findings." Nature Human Behaviour 6, no. 11 (November 2022): 1525–1536.
      • October 2022
      • Case

      Afrigen Biologics: Vaccines for the Global South

      By: Debora L. Spar and Julia Comeau
      The majority of vaccines used on the continent of Africa (99%) are produced offshore. This makes African nations reliant on the West for major health care needs, a problem which was exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Afrigen Biologics (in partnership with the WHO)...  View Details
      Keywords: Vaccination; Vaccine; South Africa; mRNA; COVID; COVID-19; Inequity; Hub-and-spoke; Health Care and Treatment; Health Pandemics; Production; Social Issues; Business and Government Relations; South Africa; Africa
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      Spar, Debora L., and Julia Comeau. "Afrigen Biologics: Vaccines for the Global South." Harvard Business School Case 323-030, October 2022.
      • Working Paper

      Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials

      By: Marcella Alsan, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein and Heidi L. Williams
      This article examines the consequences and causes of low enrollment of Black patients in clinical trials. We develop a simple model of similarity-based extrapolation that predicts that evidence is more relevant for decision-making by physicians and patients when it...  View Details
      Keywords: Representation; Racial Disparity; Health Testing and Trials; Race; Equality and Inequality; Innovation and Invention; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Alsan, Marcella, Maya Durvasula, Harsh Gupta, Joshua Schwartzstein, and Heidi L. Williams. "Representation and Extrapolation: Evidence from Clinical Trials." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30575, October 2022. (Revise and resubmit, Quarterly Journal of Economics.)
      • September 2022
      • Case

      HPP: Tapping the Netherlands’ Potential

      By: Brian Trelstad and Idelès Kaandorp
      Stichting Het Potentieel Pakken (HPP) was launched to solve a systemic problem in the Dutch Labor Market: gender inequity that was leading to a large number of women to work part-time in fields that were in desperately short supply of labor, like health care, child...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Grants; Scaling And Growth; Nonprofit Organizations; Opportunities; Gender; Income; Employment; Health Care and Treatment; Human Capital; Mission and Purpose; Motivation and Incentives; Growth and Development Strategy; Employment Industry; Health Industry; Education Industry; Consulting Industry; Europe; Netherlands
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      Trelstad, Brian, and Idelès Kaandorp. "HPP: Tapping the Netherlands’ Potential." Harvard Business School Case 323-024, September 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Article

      Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality

      By: Letian Zhang
      This paper suggests that affirmative action bans in the U.S. public sector may influence racial inequality in the private sector. Since the 1990s, nine states have banned affirmative action practice in public universities and state governments. Though these bans have...  View Details
      Keywords: Inequality; Regulation; Law; Organizational Norm; CEO; Affirmative Action; Organizations; Private Sector; Equality and Inequality; Diversity; Race; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Zhang, Letian. "Regulatory Spillover and Workplace Racial Inequality." Administrative Science Quarterly 67, no. 3 (September 2022): 595–629.
      • August 29, 2022
      • Other Article

      Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, K. Blesch and Oliver P. Hauser
      Income inequality is on the rise in many countries around the world, according to the United Nations. What’s more, disparities in global income were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with some countries facing greater economic losses than others. Policymakers...  View Details
      Keywords: Income Inequality; Gini Coefficient; COVID-19 Pandemic; Government Administration; Equality and Inequality; Health Pandemics; Measurement and Metrics
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., K. Blesch, and Oliver P. Hauser. "Income Inequality Is Rising. Are We Even Measuring It Correctly?" Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (August 29, 2022).
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Perceived Job Difficulty Influences Unionization Support for Workers in Low-Wage Jobs

      By: Elizabeth R. Johnson and Ashley V. Whillans
      Unionization is a critical way that workers in low-wage jobs have pushed large companies to improve labor conditions. In this research, we highlight a novel factor that prevents people from supporting unionization for workers in low-wage jobs: the perceived difficulty...  View Details
      Keywords: Low-Wage Jobs; Inequality; Support For Unionization; Collective Organizing; Labor Unions; Wages; Working Conditions
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      Johnson, Elizabeth R., and Ashley V. Whillans. "Perceived Job Difficulty Influences Unionization Support for Workers in Low-Wage Jobs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-018, August 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Satisfaction of Workers in Low-Wage Jobs

      By: Elizabeth R Johnson and Ashley V. Whillans
      How did job satisfaction change during the pandemic for workers in low-wage jobs, and how did workers’ experiences compare to those in professional jobs? Using nationally representative survey data, we show that the pandemic increased the dissatisfaction of workers in...  View Details
      Keywords: Low-Wage Jobs; COVID-19 Pandemic; Pay; Job Satisfaction; Income Inequality; Stereotypes; Satisfaction; Compensation and Benefits; Working Conditions
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      Johnson, Elizabeth R., and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Satisfaction of Workers in Low-Wage Jobs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-001, July 2022.
      • July 2022
      • Article

      The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality

      By: Antonya Marie Gonzalez, Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      Attributions, or lay explanations for inequality, have been linked to inequality-relevant behavior. In adults and children, attributing inequality to an individual rather than contextual or structural causes is linked to greater support for economic inequality and less...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Cognition; Inequality; Prosocial Behavior; Parent-child Transmission; Equality and Inequality; Cognition and Thinking; Attitudes; Behavior
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      Gonzalez, Antonya Marie, Lucia Macchia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Developmental Origins and Behavioral Consequences of Attributions for Inequality." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 101 (July 2022).
      • 2022
      • Article

      Values and Inequality: Prosocial Jobs and the College Wage Premium

      By: Nathan Wilmers and Letian Zhang
      Employers often recruit workers by invoking corporate social responsibility, organizational purpose, or other claims to a prosocial mission. In an era of substantial labor market inequality, commentators typically dismiss these claims as hypocritical: prosocial...  View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Equality and Inequality; Wages; Recruitment
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      Wilmers, Nathan, and Letian Zhang. "Values and Inequality: Prosocial Jobs and the College Wage Premium." American Sociological Review 87, no. 3 (2022): 415–442.
      • May 2022 (Revised August 2022)
      • Case

      LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing

      By: Elie Ofek and Alicia Dadlani
      John Henry and Carey Anne Nadeau, co-founders and co-CEOs of LOOP, an insurtech startup based in Austin, Texas, were on a mission to modernize the archaic $250 billion automobile insurance market. They sought to create equitably priced insurance by eliminating pricing...  View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Relationship Management; Price; Insurance Industry; Financial Services Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Alicia Dadlani. "LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing." Harvard Business School Case 522-073, May 2022. (Revised August 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      ESG Performance and Voluntary ESG Disclosure: Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap

      By: June Huang and Shirley Lu
      We study if firms with better ESG performance are more likely to provide voluntary ESG disclosure, an assumption embedded in many ESG ratings. We focus on gender diversity and proxy for performance using a firm's gender pay gap ("GPG") disclosed under a UK disclosure...  View Details
      Keywords: Pay Gap; Gender; Wages; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Disclosure; Policy; Diversity
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      Huang, June, and Shirley Lu. "ESG Performance and Voluntary ESG Disclosure: Mind the (Gender Pay) Gap." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 3708257, May 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register

      By: Laura Alfaro, Ester Faia and Camelia Minoiu
      We examine the consequences of monetary policy on racial disparities, focusing on the role of bank lending to firms through collateral and selection channels. Leveraging comprehensive loan-level data from the U.S. credit register (Y-14Q) of the Federal Reserve, we show...  View Details
      Keywords: Monetary Policy Transmission; Inequity; Credit Registry; Wealth; Collateral Channel; Selection; Racial Disparity; Racial Inequality; Equality and Inequality; Banks and Banking; Credit; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Banking Industry; United States
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      Alfaro, Laura, Ester Faia, and Camelia Minoiu. "Distributional Consequences of Monetary Policy Across Races: Evidence from the U.S. Credit Register." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-068, April 2022.
      • 2022
      • Book

      Democratize Work: The Case for Reorganizing the Economy

      By: Isabelle Ferreras, Julie Battilana and Dominique Méda
      What happens to a society—and a planet—when capitalism outgrows democracy? The tensions between democracy and capitalism are longstanding, and they have been laid bare by the social effects of COVID-19. The narrative of “essential workers” has provided thin cover for...  View Details
      Keywords: Democratic Capitalism; Essential Workers; Sustainability; Equality and Inequality; Climate Change; Social Issues
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      Ferreras, Isabelle, Julie Battilana, and Dominique Méda, eds. Democratize Work: The Case for Reorganizing the Economy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
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