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- Article
Variety of Innovation in Global Value Chains
By: Giulio Buciuni and Gary P. Pisano
This article analyzes how the geography and organization of pre- and production stages in Global Value Chains (GVC) contribute to lead firms' innovation development. A novel approach in GVC studies is introduced based on transaction cost economics (TCE) and the...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Aggregate Advertising Expenditure in the U.S. Economy: What's Up? Is It Real?
By: Alvin J. Silk and Ernst R. Berndt
The two components of the advertising industry—the creative sector that develops and produces messages, and the communications sector that transmits messages via various media—have each been greatly affected by advances in creative design and communications...
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- 2020
- Working Paper
Accounting for Product Impact in the Airlines Industry
By: George Serafeim and Katie Trinh
We apply the product impact measurement framework of the Impact-Weighted Accounts Initiative (IWAI) in two competitor companies within the airlines industry. We design a monetization methodology that allows us to calculate monetary impact estimates of fare...
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Keywords:
Product Innovation;
Impact;
Impact Investing;
Impact Measurement;
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Esg Ratings;
Social Corporate Responsibility;
Corporate Social Responsibility;
Social Impact;
Air Transportation;
Aviation;
Product Design;
Product Positioning;
Society;
Product;
Environmental Sustainability;
Measurement And Metrics;
Framework;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Air Transportation industry
- November 2020
- Case
Roll-Ups and Surprise Billing: Collisions at the Intersection of Private Equity and Patient Care
By: Trevor Fetter and Kira Seiger
This case describes the increasing investment by private equity (PE) firms in patient care and other healthcare services. The case focuses on investments in physician staffing firms and roll-up strategy investments in physician practice management (PPM). Included in...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Model;
Change;
Disruption;
Fluctuation;
Trends;
Customers;
Customer Value And Value Chain;
Ethics;
Fairness;
Finance;
Equity;
Insurance;
Private Equity;
Geography;
Geographic Scope;
Health;
Health Care And Treatment;
Markets;
Demand And Consumers;
Supply And industry;
industry structures;
Ownership;
Ownership Type;
Private Ownership;
Relationships;
Agency Theory;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Shareholder Relations;
Business And Stakeholder Relations;
Networks;
Strategy;
Competition;
Consolidation;
Expansion;
Integration;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Value;
Value Creation;
Health industry;
Insurance industry;
United States
- September 2020
- Case
Apple Bets on Augmented Reality
By: Rory McDonald, David Lane and Mel Martin
In 2020, augmented reality (AR) was still a nascent technology with blockbuster potential, one which Apple was actively developing as its iPhone franchise waned. But the emergence of AR was uneven, including the disappointing Google Glass and the unexpected viral...
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- September 2020
- Case
Summit Partners: Independent Vetcare
By: Victoria Ivashina and Terrence Shu
This case follows Summit Partners, a leading growth equity firm, as it evaluates an investment opportunity in IVC, a veterinary care group in the U.K. market. The case allows students to articulate and evaluate the investment thesis of this transaction. Additionally,...
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- September 2020
- Teaching Note
Uber: Competing Globally
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 720-404.
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Model;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Global Strategy;
Globalization;
Multinational Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And industries;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Innovation And Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Law;
Management;
Growth And Development;
Growth Management;
Markets;
Demand And Consumers;
Consumer Behavior;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Design;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Participation;
Supply And industry;
industry structures;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Relationships;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Business And Stakeholder Relations;
Labor And Management Relations;
Networks;
Adaptation;
Strategy;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Technology;
Mobile Technology;
Technology Platform;
Transportation Networks;
Transportation;
Transportation industry;
Technology industry;
Africa;
Ghana;
Asia;
China;
Shanghai;
Shanghai Shi;
India;
New Delhi;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
London;
England;
Latin America;
North And Central America;
United States;
New York (city, Ny);
New York (state, Us);
South America;
Colombia
- June 2020 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
What Went Wrong with Boeing's 737 Max?
By: William W. George and Amram Migdal
This case describes the development of the Boeing 737 Max airplane model and the events leading up to two tragic plane crashes, in which a total of 346 people died: the crash of Lion Air flight 610 on October 29, 2018, in Indonesia, and the crash of Ethiopian Airlines...
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Keywords:
Communication;
Communication Intention And Meaning;
Communication Strategy;
Forms Of Communication;
Announcements;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices And Conditions;
Judgments;
Ethics;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Governance;
Corporate Accountability;
Governance Controls;
Human Resources;
Resignation And Termination;
Leadership;
Leadership Style;
Management;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Management Practices And Processes;
Management Skills;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Risk Management;
Time Management;
Markets;
Demand And Consumers;
Market Platforms;
Supply And industry;
Duopoly And Oligopoly;
industry structures;
Operations;
Product Development;
Organizations;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Outcome Or Result;
Failure;
Success;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Problems And Challenges;
Relationships;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Business And Stakeholder Relations;
Risk And Uncertainty;
Safety;
Strategy;
Transportation;
Air Transportation;
Aerospace industry;
Air Transportation industry;
Africa;
Ethiopia;
Asia;
Indonesia;
North And Central America;
United States;
Seattle;
Chicago
- June 2020
- Supplement
RBC: Transforming Transformation (B)
By: Ethan Bernstein, Francesca Gino and Aldo Sesia
In 2017, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), a Canadian financial icon, mandated a swat team of “enablers of collaboration” (their job description) to support the personal and commercial bank in the enterprise-wide RBC Cultural Transformation initiative. Historically,...
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Keywords:
Service Delivery;
Technology;
Transformation;
Change Management;
Collaborative Innovation And Invention;
Innovation And Management;
Decision Making;
Human Resources;
Management Systems;
Organizational Design;
Organizational structure;
Groups And Teams;
Management Teams;
Banking industry;
Financial Services industry;
Canada
- June 2020
- Case
RBC: Transforming Transformation (A)
By: Ethan Bernstein, Francesca Gino and Aldo Sesia
In 2017, the Royal Bank of Canada (RBC), a Canadian financial icon, mandated a swat team of “enablers of collaboration” (their job description) to support the personal and commercial bank in the enterprise-wide RBC Cultural Transformation initiative. Historically,...
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Keywords:
Service Delivery;
Technology;
Transformation;
Change Management;
Collaborative Innovation And Invention;
Innovation And Management;
Decision Making;
Human Resources;
Management Systems;
Organizational Design;
Organizational structure;
Groups And Teams;
Management Teams;
Banking industry;
Financial Services industry;
Canada
- 2020
- Working Paper
Socioeconomic Network Heterogeneity and Pandemic Policy Response
By: Abhishek Nagaraj, Mohammad Akbarpour, Cody Cook, Aude Marzuoli, Simon Mongey, Matteo Saccarola, Pietro Tebaldi, Shoshana Vasserman and Hanbin Yang
We develop and implement a heterogeneous-agents network-based empirical model to analyze alternative policies during a pandemic outbreak. We combine several data sources, including information on individuals’ mobility and encounters across metropolitan areas,...
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- May 2020
- Teaching Note
Shiseido: Reinvesting in Brand
By: Jill Avery
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 519-026. Shiseido was in the midst of a six year corporate turnaround, trying to reverse the effects of decades of under-investment in R&D and marketing that had led to a vicious cycle of declining customer support and brand value. Would...
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- April 2020 (Revised June 2020)
- Case
Uber: Competing Globally
By: Alexander J. MacKay, Amram Migdal and John Masko
This case describes Uber’s global market entry strategy and responses by regulators and local competitors. It details Uber’s entry into New York City (United States), Bogotá (Colombia), Delhi (India), Shanghai (China), Accra (Ghana), and London (United Kingdom). In...
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Keywords:
Business Ventures;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Model;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Geographic Scope;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And industries;
Governance;
Governance Controls;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Innovation And Invention;
Disruptive Innovation;
Innovation Strategy;
Law;
Management;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Markets;
Demand And Consumers;
Consumer Behavior;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Design;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Participation;
Supply And industry;
industry structures;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Relationships;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Business And Stakeholder Relations;
Labor And Management Relations;
Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Expansion;
Technology;
Mobile Technology;
Technology Platform;
Transportation;
Transportation Networks;
Transportation industry;
Technology industry;
Africa;
Ghana;
Asia;
China;
Shanghai Shi;
Shanghai;
India;
New Delhi;
Europe;
United Kingdom;
England;
London;
Latin America;
North And Central America;
United States;
New York (city, Ny);
New York (state, Us);
South America;
Colombia
- April 2020
- Article
Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015
By: Giovanni Dosi, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano and Federico Tamagni
Firm growth is an essential feature of market economies, shaping together macroeconomic performance and the evolution of industry structures. As a potential indicator of organizational “fitness” within a competitive environment, firm growth is also a central concern to...
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Keywords:
Firm Growth;
Organizations;
Growth And Development;
Theory;
Analysis;
Production;
Data And Data Sets
- February 2020
- Case
Klöckner & Co: Steeling for a Digital World
By: Scott Duke Kominers and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Hoping to get ahead of potential digital disruption at Klöckner & Co.—one of the world’s largest steel and metal distributors—CEO Gisbert Rühl set up both kloeckner.i (KCI), an internal transformation arm, and XOM Materials (XOM), an independent industry platform. KCI...
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- January 2020
- Article
How Do Venture Capitalists Make Decisions?
By: Paul A. Gompers, William Gornall, Steven N. Kaplan and Ilya A. Strebulaev
We survey 885 institutional venture capitalists (VCs) at 681 firms to learn how they make decisions across eight areas: deal sourcing, investment selection, valuation, deal structure, post-investment value-added, exits, internal firm organization, and relationships...
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- September 2019 (Revised September 2019)
- Case
Facebook Fake News in the Post-Truth World
By: John R. Wells, Carole A. Winkler and Benjamin Weinstock
In August 2019, Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook, was surrounded by controversy. The first major storm of protest followed the surprise election of Donald Trump as President of the United States on November 8, 2016; many put the blame at the door of fake...
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Keywords:
Facebook;
Fake News;
Mark Zuckerberg;
Donald Trump;
Algorithms;
Social Networks;
Partisanship;
Social Media;
App Development;
Instagram;
Whatsapp;
Smartphone;
Silicon Valley;
Office Space;
Digital Strategy;
Democracy;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Controversy;
Tencent;
Agility;
Social Networking;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Messaging;
Monetization Strategy;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers And Acquisitions;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Business Headquarters;
Business Organization;
For-profit Firms;
Trends;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Forms Of Communication;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Talent And Talent Management;
Crime And Corruption;
Voting;
Demographics;
Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, And Gambling;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Initial Public Offering;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geography;
Geographic Location;
Global Range;
Local Range;
Country;
Cross-cultural And Cross-border Issues;
Globalized Firms And Management;
Globalized Markets And industries;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Government And Politics;
International Relations;
National Security;
Political Elections;
Business History;
Recruitment;
Selection And Staffing;
Information Management;
Information Publishing;
News;
Newspapers;
Innovation And Management;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Knowledge Dissemination;
Human Capital;
Law;
Leadership Development;
Leadership Style;
Leading Change;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Goals And Objectives;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Growth Management;
Management Practices And Processes;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Management Teams;
Managerial Roles;
Marketing Channels;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry And Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-sided Platforms;
Marketplace Matching;
industry Growth;
industry structures;
Monopoly;
Media;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Mission And Purpose;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Organizational structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems And Challenges;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Groups And Teams;
Networks;
Rank And Position;
Opportunities;
Behavior;
Emotions;
Identity;
Power And Influence;
Prejudice And Bias;
Reputation;
Social And Collaborative Networks;
Status And Position;
Trust;
Society;
Civil Society Or Community;
Culture;
Public Opinion;
Social Issues;
Societal Protocols;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Customization And Personalization;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Valuation;
Advertising industry;
Communications industry;
Entertainment And Recreation industry;
Information industry;
Information Technology industry;
Journalism And News industry;
Media And Broadcasting industry;
Service industry;
Technology industry;
Telecommunications industry;
Video Game industry;
United States;
California;
Sunnyvale;
Russia
- August 2019 (Revised February 2020)
- Case
New Hope Liuhe: Building an Integrated Agri-Food Business
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Shu Lin, Natalie Kindred and Nancy Hua Dai
In October 2018, LIU Chang (Angela), chairman of Beijing-based New Hope Liuhe (NHL), was considering the strategy of the firm. With $9 billion in sales and a presence in nearly 20 countries, NHL was China’s largest animal feed producer and a major pork and poultry...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Food;
Agribusiness;
Expansion;
Diversification;
Growth Management;
Consumer Behavior;
Change Management;
Entrepreneurship;
Organizational structure;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Government And Politics;
Animal-based Agribusiness;
Transformation;
Volatility;
Business Cycles;
Goods And Commodities;
Supply Chain;
Product;
Agriculture And Agribusiness industry;
Food And Beverage industry;
China;
Asia
- 2019
- Chapter
Origins and Development of Global Business
By: G. Jones
This chapter explores how business enterprises have been powerful actors in the spread of global capitalism between 1840 and the present day. Emerging out of the industrialized Western economies, global firms created and co-created markets and ecosystems through their...
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- July 2019
- Case
LaCroix Sparkling Water
By: Tomomichi Amano, Das Narayandas and Kerry Herman
Launched in 1981 as an “all occasion” sparkling water brand, LaCroix Sparkling Water has had a number of ups and downs as a brand. After being purchased by National Beverage in 1996, the brand was re-positioned as a new, colorful, fun alternative to the other sparkling...
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