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- December 2020
- Case
France Télécom (A): A Challenging Restructuring
These cases explore the impacts of industry shocks, resulting corporate actions that had a devasting impact on employees, and the legal conviction of corporate leaders for “institutional harassment."
This case series follows the evolution of France Telecom... View Details
This case series follows the evolution of France Telecom... View Details
Keywords:
Health ＆ Wellness;
Human Resource Management;
Strategic Change;
Leadership & Corporate Accountability;
Leadership And Change Management;
Leadership And Managing People;
Change;
Restructuring;
Crime And Corruption;
Ethics;
Health;
Human Capital;
Human Resources;
Labor;
Labor And Management Relations;
Labor Unions;
Law;
Social Psychology;
Strategy;
Leadership;
Leadership Style;
Organizations;
Problems And Challenges;
Relationships;
Crisis Management;
Organizational Culture;
Employees;
Well-being;
Telecommunications industry;
Europe;
European Union
- 2020
- Working Paper
How History Shaped the Innovator's Dilemma
By: Tom Nicholas
In 1993, four years prior to the publication of Clayton Christensen’s highly influential book, The Innovator’s Dilemma, the Business History Review (BHR) published an article by Christensen titled “The Rigid Disk Drive Industry: A History of...
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- June 2020 (Revised October 2020)
- Case
What Went Wrong with Boeing's 737 Max?
By: William W. George and Amram Migdal
This case describes the development of the Boeing 737 Max airplane model and the events leading up to two tragic plane crashes, in which a total of 346 people died: the crash of Lion Air flight 610 on October 29, 2018, in Indonesia, and the crash of Ethiopian Airlines...
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Keywords:
Communication;
Communication Intention And Meaning;
Communication Strategy;
Forms Of Communication;
Announcements;
Decision Making;
Decision Choices And Conditions;
Judgments;
Ethics;
Moral Sensibility;
Values And Beliefs;
Globalization;
Global Strategy;
Governance;
Corporate Accountability;
Governance Controls;
Human Resources;
Resignation And Termination;
Leadership;
Leadership Style;
Management;
Business Or Company Management;
Crisis Management;
Management Practices And Processes;
Management Skills;
Management Style;
Management Systems;
Risk Management;
Time Management;
Markets;
Demand And Consumers;
Market Platforms;
Supply And industry;
Duopoly And Oligopoly;
industry Structures;
Operations;
Product Development;
Organizations;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Culture;
Outcome Or Result;
Failure;
Success;
Planning;
Strategic Planning;
Problems And Challenges;
Relationships;
Business And Community Relations;
Business And Government Relations;
Business And Stakeholder Relations;
Risk And Uncertainty;
Safety;
Strategy;
Transportation;
Air Transportation;
Aerospace industry;
Air Transportation industry;
Africa;
Ethiopia;
Asia;
Indonesia;
North And Central America;
United States;
Seattle;
Chicago
- April 2020
- Article
Long-term Firm Growth: An Empirical Analysis of U.S. Manufacturers 1959–2015
By: Giovanni Dosi, Marco Grazzi, Daniele Moschella, Gary P. Pisano and Federico Tamagni
Firm growth is an essential feature of market economies, shaping together macroeconomic performance and the evolution of industry structures. As a potential indicator of organizational “fitness” within a competitive environment, firm growth is also a central concern to...
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Keywords:
Firm Growth;
Organizations;
Growth And Development;
Theory;
Analysis;
Production;
Data And Data Sets
- October 2019 (Revised January 2020)
- Background Note
Evolution of the Drone Industry
By: Rory McDonald, Andy Wu, Emilie Billaud and Ryan Bayer
This note focuses on the development of the drone industry in recent years and provides insights on the drone technology, regulations, applications, market size, top players, and ecosystem. This note was written in conjunction with the case study “Parrot: Navigating...
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- 2019
- Chapter
Business, Ethics and Institutions. The Evolution of Turkish Capitalism in a Comparative Perspective
By: Asli M. Colpan and G. Jones
This chapter offers a survey of the evolution of Turkish capitalism from the 19th century Ottoman Empire until the present day. It shows that Turkish business over the last century and a half was shaped in an institutional context similar to those in many developing...
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- September 2019
- Case
Alicia Keys
By: Boris Groysberg, Annelena Lobb and Sarah Mehta
This case explores the life and career of Alicia Keys, the 15-time Grammy winning singer-songwriter and producer. Set in 2019, it covers the evolution of Keys’s 18-year musical career and additional passions, including acting, entrepreneurship, social justice activism,...
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- August 2019 (Revised February 2020)
- Case
New Hope Liuhe: Building an Integrated Agri-Food Business
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Shu Lin, Natalie Kindred and Nancy Hua Dai
In October 2018, LIU Chang (Angela), chairman of Beijing-based New Hope Liuhe (NHL), was considering the strategy of the firm. With $9 billion in sales and a presence in nearly 20 countries, NHL was China’s largest animal feed producer and a major pork and poultry...
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Keywords:
Strategy;
Corporate Strategy;
Food;
Agribusiness;
Expansion;
Diversification;
Growth Management;
Consumer Behavior;
Change Management;
Entrepreneurship;
Organizational Structure;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Government And Politics;
Animal-based Agribusiness;
Transformation;
Volatility;
Business Cycles;
Goods And Commodities;
Supply Chain;
Product;
Agriculture And Agribusiness industry;
Food And Beverage industry;
China;
Asia
- January 2019 (Revised June 2019)
- Technical Note
U.S. Commercial Health Insurance Industry
By: Susanna Gallani, Mary Witkowski and Harry B. Wolberg
This note describes the role of commercial payers in the U.S. healthcare industry. We begin with a review of the historical evolution of commercial payers and their role in the market, from the beginning to the Affordable Care Act and beyond. Every wave of reforms in...
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- Article
Business, Governments and Political Risk in South Asia and Latin America since 1970
By: G. Jones and Rachael Comunale
This article contributes to the literature on political risk in business and economic history by examining both new perspectives (risk encountered by companies domestically, rather than risk for foreign investors) and new settings (emerging markets economies in Latin...
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- September 2018 (Revised April 2019)
- Case
Sigfox: Building a Global IoT Network
By: Rajiv Lal, Mette Fuglsang Hjortshoej and Emilie Billaud
In 2018, Ludovic Le Moan and Christophe Fourtet, co-founders of the French tech startup Sigfox, reflected on the evolution of their venture and the way forward. Founded in 2009, Sigfox was a company that provided a global connectivity network for devices connected to...
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- April 2018
- Teaching Note
Formlabs: Selling a New 3D Printer
By: Frank Cespedes
Teaching Note for HBS No. 817-001. Formlabs is a venture that manufactures and sells 3D printers used in a variety of industries and applications. As the young company prepares to ship its latest model, the head of Customer Development is tasked with developing a...
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Keywords:
3d Printing And Manufacturing;
Sales Channel Development;
Sales Strategy;
Entrepreneurial Management;
Product Engineering;
Prototype;
Prototyping;
Entrepreneurship;
Product Launch;
Hardware;
Business Startups;
Customers;
Technological Innovation;
Growth And Development Strategy;
Technology Adoption;
Marketing Channels;
Marketing Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Demand And Consumers;
Sales;
Salesforce Management;
Technology industry;
Computer industry;
Manufacturing industry;
United States;
Massachusetts;
Europe;
Asia
- 2018
- Chapter
Britain: Global Legacy and Domestic Persistence
By: G. Jones
This chapter explores the British experience in a volume which examines the historical evolution of business groups in developed Western economies. The chapter argues that during the nineteenth century British merchant houses established business groups with...
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- February 2018
- Background Note
Patent Trolling
By: Lauren H. Cohen, Umit G. Gurun, Scott Duke Kominers and George Hou
The U.S. Intellectual Property (IP) Ecosystem is one of the most robust and dynamic in the world—and has been for centuries. The bedrock of this system is the "patent," a legal document that allows its holder exclusive commercialization rights of a part of the "idea...
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- January 2018
- Case
Under Armour
By: Rory McDonald, Clayton M. Christensen, Daniel West and Jonathan E. Palmer
After 20 years of growth unprecedented in the sports apparel industry, Under Armour finds itself with a new record to beat: making the leap from $5 to $10 billion in sales—a feat only accomplished to date by competitors Nike and Adidas. At the heart of this challenge...
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Keywords:
Under Armour;
Nike;
Adidas;
＂jobs To Be Done;
Purpose Brands;
Entrepreneurship;
Customer Focus And Relationships;
Innovation Strategy;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Growth Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Sports industry;
Apparel And Accessories industry;
Fashion industry;
Health industry;
Technology industry;
Retail industry;
United States;
Maryland;
Baltimore
- September 2017
- Case
Under Armour: Evolution of a Purpose Brand
By: Rory McDonald, Clayton M. Christensen, Daniel West and Jonathan Palmer
After twenty years of growth unprecedented in the sports apparel industry, Under Armour finds itself with a new record to beat: making the leap from $5 to $10 billion in sales — a feat only accomplished to date by competitors Nike and Adidas. At the heart of this...
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Keywords:
Under Armour;
Nike;
Adidas;
＂jobs To Be Done;
Purpose Brands;
Entrepreneurship;
Customer Focus And Relationships;
Innovation Strategy;
Business Growth And Maturation;
Growth Management;
Innovation Leadership;
Sports industry;
Apparel And Accessories industry;
Fashion industry;
Health industry;
Technology industry;
Retail industry;
United States;
Maryland;
Baltimore
- June 2016
- Case
Big Spaceship: The Evolving Agency
By: Boris Groysberg and Matthew G. Preble
This case discusses the evolution of Big Spaceship, an advertising and marketing agency, from a product-focused business to a relationship-oriented one as clients seek deeper and more meaningful long-term partnerships. The 15-year-old company had already evolved...
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- 2015
- Book
How the Internet Became Commercial: Innovation, Privatization, and the Birth of a New Network
By: Shane Greenstein
In less than a decade, the Internet went from being a series of loosely connected networks used by universities and the military to the powerful commercial engine it is today. This book describes how many of the key innovations that made this possible came from...
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- October 2015
- Article
How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Companies
By: Michael E. Porter and James E. Heppelmann
The evolution of products into intelligent, connected devices is revolutionizing business. In a November 2014 article, "How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition," Harvard Business School professor Michael Porter and PTC president and CEO James...
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- October 2015 (Revised November 2016)
- Background Note
'World-Class' Universities: Rankings and Reputation in Global Higher Education
By: William C. Kirby and Joycelyn W. Eby
Discussions of "world-class" universities have become an academic cottage industry in the 21st century, and definitions of the term are complex and at times contradictory. This background note traces the origins of university ranking systems and their evolution from a...
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