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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (2,267)
      • Faculty Publications  (223)

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      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data

      By: Alexander O. Everhart and Ariel D. Stern
      Medical devices increasingly include software components, which facilitate remote patient monitoring. The introduction of software into previously analog medical devices as well as innovation in software-driven devices may introduce new safety concerns—all the more so...  View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Safety; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Health Care and Treatment; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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      Everhart, Alexander O., and Ariel D. Stern. "Post-market Surveillance of Software Medical Devices: Evidence from Regulatory Data." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-035, November 2022.
      • December 8, 2022
      • Article

      What Companies Still Get Wrong about Layoffs

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Marilyn Morgan Westner
      Research has long shown that layoffs have a detrimental effect on individuals and on corporate performance. The short-term cost savings provided by a layoff are often overshadowed by bad publicity, loss of knowledge, weakened engagement, higher voluntary turnover, and...  View Details
      Keywords: Resignation and Termination; Employment; Selection and Staffing; Performance
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Marilyn Morgan Westner. "What Companies Still Get Wrong about Layoffs." Harvard Business Review (website) (December 8, 2022).
      • November 2022
      • Article

      A Language-Based Method for Assessing Symbolic Boundary Maintenance between Social Groups

      By: Anjali M. Bhatt, Amir Goldberg and Sameer B. Srivastava
      When the social boundaries between groups are breached, the tendency for people to erect and maintain symbolic boundaries intensifies. Drawing on extant perspectives on boundary maintenance, we distinguish between two strategies that people pursue in maintaining...  View Details
      Keywords: Culture; Machine Learning; Natural Language Processing; Symbolic Boundaries; Organizations; Boundaries; Social Psychology; Interpersonal Communication; Organizational Culture
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      Bhatt, Anjali M., Amir Goldberg, and Sameer B. Srivastava. "A Language-Based Method for Assessing Symbolic Boundary Maintenance between Social Groups." Sociological Methods & Research 51, no. 4 (November 2022): 1681–1720.
      • October 17, 2022
      • Article

      Relational Diversity in Social Portfolios Predicts Well-Being

      By: Hanne K. Collins, Serena F. Hagerty, Jordi Quoidbach, Michael I. Norton and Alison Wood Brooks
      We document a link between the relational diversity of one’s social portfolio—the richness and evenness of relationship types across one’s social interactions—and well-being. Across four distinct samples, respondents from the United States who completed a preregistered...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Interaction; Social Engagement; Well-being; Happiness; Social and Collaborative Networks; Family and Family Relationships
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      Collins, Hanne K., Serena F. Hagerty, Jordi Quoidbach, Michael I. Norton, and Alison Wood Brooks. "Relational Diversity in Social Portfolios Predicts Well-Being." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 43 (October 17, 2022).
      • October 2022
      • Article

      Revisiting Extraversion and Leadership Emergence: A Social Network Churn Perspective

      By: Blaine Landis, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Dan J. Wang and Robert W. Krause
      One of the classic relationships in personality psychology is that extraversion is associated with emerging as an informal leader. However, recent findings raise questions about the longevity of extraverted individuals as emergent leaders. Here, we adopt a social...  View Details
      Keywords: Extraversion; Social Networks; Emergent Leadership; Leadership Development; Personal Characteristics; Perception
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      Landis, Blaine, Jon M. Jachimowicz, Dan J. Wang, and Robert W. Krause. "Revisiting Extraversion and Leadership Emergence: A Social Network Churn Perspective." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 123, no. 4 (October 2022): 811–829.
      • August 2022
      • Article

      The Gender Gap in Self-Promotion

      By: Christine L. Exley and Judd B. Kessler
      In applications, interviews, performance reviews, and many other environments, individuals are explicitly asked or implicitly invited to assess their own performance. In a series of experiments, we find that women rate their performance less favorably than equally...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-promotion; Gender Gap; Experiments; Performance Evaluation; Gender
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      Exley, Christine L., and Judd B. Kessler. "The Gender Gap in Self-Promotion." Quarterly Journal of Economics 137, no. 3 (August 2022): 1345–1381.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      The Effectiveness of Digital Interventions on COVID-19 Attitudes and Beliefs

      By: Susan Athey, Kristen Grabarz, Michael Luca and Nils Wernerfelt
      Public health organizations increasingly use social media advertising campaigns in pursuit of public health goals. In this paper, we evaluate the impact of about $40 million of social media advertisements that were run and experimentally tested on Facebook and...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Public Health; Vaccines; Health Pandemics; Social Media; Advertising Campaigns
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      Athey, Susan, Kristen Grabarz, Michael Luca, and Nils Wernerfelt. "The Effectiveness of Digital Interventions on COVID-19 Attitudes and Beliefs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-082, June 2022. (Revised October 2022.)
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Beliefs about Gender Differences in Social Preferences

      By: Christine L Exley, Oliver P. Hauser, Molly Moore and John-Henry Pezzuto
      While there is a vast (and mixed) literature on gender differences in social preferences, little is known about believed gender differences in social preferences. This paper documents robust evidence for believed gender differences in social preferences. Across a wide...  View Details
      Keywords: Social Preferences; Gender; Behavior; Attitudes; Values and Beliefs
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      Exley, Christine L., Oliver P. Hauser, Molly Moore, and John-Henry Pezzuto. "Beliefs about Gender Differences in Social Preferences." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-079, June 2022.
      • 2022
      • Working Paper

      Small Campaign Donors

      By: Laurent Bouton, Julia Cagé, Edgard Dewitte and Vincent Pons
      In this paper, we study the characteristics and behavior of small donors, and compare them to those of large donors. We first build a novel dataset including all the 340 million individual contributions reported to the U.S. Federal Election Commission between 2005 and...  View Details
      Keywords: Campaign Finance; Campaign Contributions; Small Donations; ActBlue; WinRed; TV Advertising; Political Elections; Finance; Demographics; Advertising; Analysis; Analytics and Data Science
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      Bouton, Laurent, Julia Cagé, Edgard Dewitte, and Vincent Pons. "Small Campaign Donors." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30050, May 2022.
      • Article

      The Cross Section of Bank Value

      By: Mark Egan, Stefan Lewellen and Adi Sunderam
      We study the determinants of value creation in U.S. commercial banks. We develop novel measures of individual banks' productivities at collecting deposits and making loans. We relate these measures to bank market values and find that deposit productivity is responsible...  View Details
      Keywords: Productivity; Banks and Banking; Valuation; Performance Productivity; Value Creation; United States
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      Egan, Mark, Stefan Lewellen, and Adi Sunderam. "The Cross Section of Bank Value." Review of Financial Studies 35, no. 5 (May 2022): 2101–2143.
      • Article

      Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)

      By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli

      An inherent risk of algorithmic personalization is disproportionate targeting of individuals from certain groups (or demographic characteristics such as gender or race), even when the decision maker does not intend to discriminate based on those “protected”...  View Details

      Keywords: Algorithm Bias; Personalization; Targeting; Generalized Random Forests (GRF); Discrimination; Customization and Personalization; Decision Making; Fairness; Mathematical Methods
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      Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Eliminating Unintended Bias in Personalized Policies Using Bias-Eliminating Adapted Trees (BEAT)." e2115126119. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 119, no. 11 (March 8, 2022).
      • 2022
      • Book

      The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth

      By: Michael J. Andrews, Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner and Scott Stern
      We live in an era in which innovation and entrepreneurship seem ubiquitous, particularly in regions like Silicon Valley, Boston, and the Research Triangle Park. But many metrics of economic growth, such as productivity growth and business dynamism, have been at best...  View Details
      Keywords: Productivity Growth; Production Technologies; Innovation and Invention; Entrepreneurship; Economic Growth; Competition; Organizational Design; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation
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      Andrews, Michael J., Aaron Chatterji, Josh Lerner, and Scott Stern, eds. The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Article

      Determinants of Gender Differences in Change in Pay among Job-Switching Executives

      By: Boris Groysberg, Paul M. Healy and Eric Lin
      The authors investigate what determines differences in change in pay between men and women executives who move to new employers. Using proprietary data of 2,034 executive placements from a global search firm, the authors observe narrower pay differences between men and...  View Details
      Keywords: Executive Pay; Executive Labor Market; Gender Pay Gap; External Recruitment; Executive Compensation; Gender; Human Capital
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      Groysberg, Boris, Paul M. Healy, and Eric Lin. "Determinants of Gender Differences in Change in Pay among Job-Switching Executives." Industrial & Labor Relations Review 75, no. 1 (January 2022): 168–199.
      • Article

      Megastudies Improve the Impact of Applied Behavioural Science

      By: Katherine L. Milkman, Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Pepi Pandiloski, Yeji Park, Aneesh Rai, Max Bazerman, John Beshears, Lauri Bonacorsi, Colin Camerer, Edward Chang, Gretchen Chapman, Robert Cialdini, Hengchen Dai, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Ayelet Fishbach, James J. Gross, Samantha Horn, Alexa Hubbard, Steven J. Jones, Dean Karlan, Tim Kautz, Erika Kirgios, Joowon Klusowski, Ariella Kristal, Rahul Ladhania, Jens Ludwig, George Loewenstein, Barbara Mellers, Sendhil Mullainathan, Silvia Saccardo, Jann Spiess, Gaurav Suri, Joachim H. Talloen, Jamie Taxer, Yaacov Trope, Lyle Ungar, Kevin G. Volpp, Ashley Whillans, Jonathan Zinman and Angela L. Duckworth
      Policy-makers are increasingly turning to behavioural science for insights about how to improve citizens’ decisions and outcomes. Typically, different scientists test different intervention ideas in different samples using different outcomes over different time...  View Details
      Keywords: Policy Making; Behavioral Science; Behavior; Change; Decision Making; Policy
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      Milkman, Katherine L., Dena Gromet, Hung Ho, Joseph S. Kay, Timothy W. Lee, Pepi Pandiloski, Yeji Park, Aneesh Rai, Max Bazerman, John Beshears, Lauri Bonacorsi, Colin Camerer, Edward Chang, Gretchen Chapman, Robert Cialdini, Hengchen Dai, Lauren Eskreis-Winkler, Ayelet Fishbach, James J. Gross, Samantha Horn, Alexa Hubbard, Steven J. Jones, Dean Karlan, Tim Kautz, Erika Kirgios, Joowon Klusowski, Ariella Kristal, Rahul Ladhania, Jens Ludwig, George Loewenstein, Barbara Mellers, Sendhil Mullainathan, Silvia Saccardo, Jann Spiess, Gaurav Suri, Joachim H. Talloen, Jamie Taxer, Yaacov Trope, Lyle Ungar, Kevin G. Volpp, Ashley Whillans, Jonathan Zinman, and Angela L. Duckworth. "Megastudies Improve the Impact of Applied Behavioural Science." Nature 600, no. 7889 (December 16, 2021): 478–483.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Going Beyond the ‘Self’ in Self-Control: Interpersonal Consequences of Commitment Strategy Use

      By: Ariella Kristal and Julian Zlatev
      Commitment strategies are effective mechanisms individuals can use to overcome self-control problems. In this paper we explore the negative interpersonal consequences of commitment strategy use. In an incentivized trust game (Study 1), we demonstrate that individuals...  View Details
      Keywords: Self-control; Willpower; Commitment Strategies; Goals and Objectives; Behavior; Strategy; Perception
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      Kristal, Ariella, and Julian Zlatev. "Going Beyond the ‘Self’ in Self-Control: Interpersonal Consequences of Commitment Strategy Use." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-033, November 2021.
      • November 2021
      • Article

      The Dynamics of Gender and Alternatives in Negotiation

      By: Jennifer E. Dannals, Julian J. Zlatev, Nir Halevy and Margaret A. Neale
      A substantial body of prior research documents a gender gap in negotiation performance. Competing accounts suggest that the gap is due either to women’s stereotype-congruent behavior in negotiations or to backlash enacted toward women for stereotype-incongruent...  View Details
      Keywords: Alternatives; Gender Gap; Negotiation; Gender; Performance
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      Dannals, Jennifer E., Julian J. Zlatev, Nir Halevy, and Margaret A. Neale. "The Dynamics of Gender and Alternatives in Negotiation." Journal of Applied Psychology 106, no. 11 (November 2021): 1655–1672.
      • November 2021
      • Article

      The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?

      By: Ayse Yemiscigil, Nattavudh Powdthavee and Ashley V. Whillans
      Does retirement lead to an existential crisis or present an opportunity to experience a renewed sense of purpose in life? Prior research has documented a negative association between retirement and sense of purpose in life, suggesting that retirement could lead people...  View Details
      Keywords: Aging; Meaning; Socioeconomic Status; Life Experiences; Retirement; Well-being
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      Yemiscigil, Ayse, Nattavudh Powdthavee, and Ashley V. Whillans. "The Effects of Retirement on Sense of Purpose in Life: Crisis or Opportunity?" Psychological Science 32, no. 11 (November 2021): 1856–1864.
      • Working Paper

      A (Dynamic) Investigation of Stereotypes, Belief-Updating, and Behavior

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Paola Ugalde Araya and Basit Zafar
      Many decisions—such as what educational or career path to pursue—are dynamic in nature, with individuals receiving feedback at one point in time and making decisions later. Using a controlled experiment, with two sessions one week apart, we analyze the dynamic effects...  View Details
      Keywords: Feedback; Beliefs; Stereotypes; Self-assessment; Gender Gap; Performance; Perception; Gender; Decision Making; Behavior
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Paola Ugalde Araya, and Basit Zafar. "A (Dynamic) Investigation of Stereotypes, Belief-Updating, and Behavior." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29382, October 2021.
      • September 2021 (Revised November 2021)
      • Case

      Kwame Owusu-Kesse at the Harlem Children's Zone

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz
      Do you—as leader, an individual within an organization, or running your own business—know when to say yes and when to say no? How do you make decisions about your own career and life? How do you counsel others who ask you for career and life insights?...  View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Leadership; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Decisions; Nonprofit Organizations; Personal Development and Career; Growth and Development Strategy; Race; Social Issues; New York (city, NY)
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M. "Kwame Owusu-Kesse at the Harlem Children's Zone." Harvard Business School Case 422-020, September 2021. (Revised November 2021.)
      • September 2021
      • Article

      Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions

      By: Katherine B. Coffman, Clio Bryant Flikkema and Olga Shurchkov
      We explore how groups deliberate and decide on ideas in an experiment with communication. We find that gender biases play a significant role in which group members are chosen to answer on behalf of the group. Conditional on the quality of their ideas, individuals are...  View Details
      Keywords: Gender Differences; Stereotypes; Teams; Economic Experiments; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Groups and Teams; Perception
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      Coffman, Katherine B., Clio Bryant Flikkema, and Olga Shurchkov. "Gender Stereotypes in Deliberation and Team Decisions." Games and Economic Behavior 129 (September 2021): 329–349.
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