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    • All HBS Web  (869)
      • Faculty Publications  (44)

      Income Inequality Remove Income Inequality →

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      Income Inequity and Income Inequality
      Income Inequality: What’s the Right Amount?
      Summing Up Are Education And Mobility The Keys To Reaching The Right Amount Of Inequality? Questions about the right amount of inequality provoked...
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      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Supplement

      Student Success at Georgia State University (B)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      This is a supplement to the Student Success at Georgia State University (A) case. The (B) case includes the results of a randomized control trial that Georgia State conducted to test education technology start-up AdmitHub’s chatbot solution as a strategy for improving...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; income; Race; Values And Beliefs; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; Measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-039, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • September 2020 (Revised November 2020)
      • Case

      Student Success at Georgia State University (A)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Robin Mendelson and Julia Kelley
      Georgia State University had developed a reputation for driving student success by nearly doubling its graduation rate for students of all racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic backgrounds. It did so while growing its student body and the proportion of Black/African...  View Details
      Keywords: Education; Higher Education; Learning; Curriculum And Courses; Demographics; Diversity; Ethnicity; income; Race; Leadership; Goals And Objectives; Measurement And Metrics; Operations; Organizations; Mission And Purpose; Organizational Culture; Outcome Or Result; Performance; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Service Operations; Performance Improvement; Planning; Strategic Planning; Social Enterprise; Nonprofit Organizations; Social Issues; Wealth And Poverty; Equality And inequality; Technology; Technology Platform; Education Industry; Atlanta
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      Toffel, Michael W., Robin Mendelson, and Julia Kelley. "Student Success at Georgia State University (A)." Harvard Business School Case 621-006, September 2020. (Revised November 2020.)
      • July 2020
      • Article

      Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Financial Hardship of People Living in Poverty by Fraying the Community Buffer

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Barnabas Szaszi, Marcel Lukas, David Smerdon, Jaideep Prabhu and Elke U. Weber
      The current research investigates whether higher economic inequality disproportionately intensifies the financial hardship of low-income individuals. We propose that higher economic inequality increases financial hardship for low-income individuals by reducing their...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Economy; income; Equality And inequality; Poverty; Civil Society Or Community
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Barnabas Szaszi, Marcel Lukas, David Smerdon, Jaideep Prabhu, and Elke U. Weber. "Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Financial Hardship of People Living in Poverty by Fraying the Community Buffer." Special Issue on Racism in Action. Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 7 (July 2020): 702–712.
      • 2020
      • Book

      Capitalism at Risk: How Business Can Lead

      By: Joseph L. Bower, Dutch Leonard and Lynn S. Paine
      Who should take the lead in fixing market capitalism? Business—not government alone. The spread of capitalism worldwide has made people wealthier than ever before. But capitalism's future is far from assured. Pandemics, income inequality, resource depletion, mass...  View Details
      Keywords: Capitalism; Business And Society; Economic Systems; Economic Growth; Policy; Leading Change; Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact; Business And Community Relations; Corporate Strategy
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      Bower, Joseph L., Dutch Leonard, and Lynn S. Paine. Capitalism at Risk: How Business Can Lead. Updated and expanded ed. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Teaching Note

      Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos

      By: Ethan Rouen
      Teaching Note for HBS No. 120-063.  View Details
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      Rouen, Ethan. "Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 120-116, May 2020.
      • December 2019 (Revised May 2020)
      • Case

      Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos

      By: Ethan Rouen and Akari Furukawa
      TJX Companies reported a CEO pay ratio of 1,596-to-1 in 2019, leaving board chair Carol Meyrowitz with a host of questions about whether, and how, she could take action to address concerns raised by having one of the highest pay ratios in the S&P 500. As a retail...  View Details
      Keywords: Ceo Pay Ratio; income; Equality And inequality; Executive Compensation; Corporate Disclosure; Business And Stakeholder Relations
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Akari Furukawa. "Income Inequality and the CEO Pay Ratio at TJX Cos." Harvard Business School Case 120-063, December 2019. (Revised May 2020.)
      • December 2019 (Revised October 2020)
      • Background Note

      Income Inequity and Income Inequality

      By: Ethan Rouen and Akari Furukawa
      This research note provides an understanding of income inequity, which is a component of broader income inequality. It begins by describing the difference between inequality and inequity before examining inequity within the workplace. Using the firm as the unit of...  View Details
      Keywords: Income Inequity; income; Equality And inequality
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      Rouen, Ethan, and Akari Furukawa. "Income Inequity and Income Inequality." Harvard Business School Background Note 120-062, December 2019. (Revised October 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Thinking Outside the Box (12): The Benefits of Increased Transparency in Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance for the 180 Million Insured

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Barak D. Richman
      Economists have long noted that the tax exclusion of employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) caused workers to purchase health plans that differ in price and other characteristics from those they would otherwise choose for themselves. We explore the short-term and long-term...  View Details
      Keywords: After-tax Income; Consumer-driven Health Care; Health Care Costs; Health Insurance; Income Inequality; Tax Policy; Health Care And Treatment; Cost; Insurance; income; Equality And inequality; Taxation; Policy; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Barak D. Richman. "Thinking Outside the Box (12): The Benefits of Increased Transparency in Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance for the 180 Million Insured." Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series, No. 2020-4, December 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Income Inequality Affects Donations Only for High-Income People Who Feel Financially Insecure and Distrust Others

      By: Lucia Macchia and Ashley V. Whillans
      There is a growing debate about whether high-income individuals are more or less generous when income inequality is high. We advance this ongoing conversation by analysing a large and comprehensive data set with approximately one million respondents from 140 countries....  View Details
      Keywords: Income Inequality; Prosocial Behavior; Financial Insecurity; income; Equality And inequality; Philanthropy And Charitable Giving; Behavior; Trust
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      Macchia, Lucia, and Ashley V. Whillans. "Income Inequality Affects Donations Only for High-Income People Who Feel Financially Insecure and Distrust Others." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-052, October 2019. (Shared Authorship.)
      • December 2018 (Revised March 2020)
      • Technical Note

      Note on Economic Inequality (2020)

      By: Rebecca Henderson, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez
      For over half a century, most of the world's economies have enjoyed steady growth and prosperity. While this economic growth has reduced the number of people living in poverty, it has come with an increase in economic inequality. The gap between the "haves" and the...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Wealth Inequality; Equality Of Opportunity; Political Polarization; Economic Growth; Economics; income; Wealth; Equality And inequality; Society; Problems And Challenges
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      Henderson, Rebecca, Jessica A. Gover, Aldo Sesia, and Mariana Oseguera Rodriguez. "Note on Economic Inequality (2020)." Harvard Business School Technical Note 319-071, December 2018. (Revised March 2020.)
      • October 2018
      • Article

      A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility

      By: Gary Becker, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy and Jorg L. Spenkuch
      We develop a model of intergenerational resource transmission that emphasizes the link between cross-sectional inequality and intergenerational mobility. By drawing on first principles of human capital theory, we derive several novel results. In particular, we show...  View Details
      Keywords: Intergenerational Mobility; inequality; Human Capital; Complementarities; Equality And inequality; Human Capital; income; Family And Family Relationships
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      Becker, Gary, Scott Duke Kominers, Kevin Murphy, and Jorg L. Spenkuch. "A Theory of Intergenerational Mobility." Journal of Political Economy 126, no. S1 (October 2018): S7–S25.
      • August 2018
      • Case

      Christine Lagarde

      By: Julie Battilana, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas and Noemie Assenat
      For a modular presentation of the same material, please see “Christine Lagarde (A): A French Prime Minister Calls” (HBS No. 419-017), “Christine Lagarde (B): Being a Public Servant” (HBS No. 419-018), and “Christine Lagarde (C): Managing the IMF” (HBS No. 419-019)....  View Details
      Keywords: Power And Influence; Leadership; Gender; Change; Personal Development And Career; Power And Influence; Leadership; Gender; Leading Change
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      Battilana, Julie, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas, and Noemie Assenat. "Christine Lagarde." Harvard Business School Case 419-016, August 2018.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Economic Integration and Democracy: An Empirical Investigation

      By: Giacomo Magistretti and Marco Tabellini
      We study whether economic integration fosters the process of democratization and the channels through which this might happen. Our analysis is based on a large panel dataset of countries between 1950 and 2014. We instrument actual trade with predicted trade constructed...  View Details
      Keywords: Democratization; Institutional Development; Economic Integration; International Trade; Trade; Global Range; Economics; Government And Politics
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      Magistretti, Giacomo, and Marco Tabellini. "Economic Integration and Democracy: An Empirical Investigation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-003, July 2018. (Revised January 2019. Available also from VOX.)
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Tax Cuts Increase Income Inequality

      By: Suresh Nallareddy, Ethan Rouen and Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato
      This paper studies the effects of corporate tax changes on income inequality. Using state corporate tax rate changes as a setting, we show that cutting state corporate tax rates leads to increases in income inequality. This result is robust to using regression and...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Ventures; Taxation; income; Equality And inequality; United States
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      Nallareddy, Suresh, Ethan Rouen, and Juan Carlos Suárez Serrato. "Corporate Tax Cuts Increase Income Inequality." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-101, May 2018.
      • Article

      Are Buybacks Really Shortchanging Investment?

      By: Jesse M. Fried and Charles C.Y. Wang
      It’s no secret that the American economy is suffering from the twin ills of slow growth and rising income inequality. Many lay the blame at the doors of America’s largest public corporations. The charge? These firms prefer to distribute cash generated from their...  View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Investment; Stocks; Business And Shareholder Relations; Equality And inequality; United States
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      Fried, Jesse M., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "Are Buybacks Really Shortchanging Investment?" Harvard Business Review 96, no. 2 (March–April 2018): 88–95.
      • Article

      (Mis)perceptions of Inequality

      By: Oliver P. Hauser and Michael I. Norton
      Inequality is arguably the defining societal issue of the 21st century. The debate over “who gets what’ underlies policy debates ranging from taxation to health care to wages and permeates society at all levels, attracting increasing interest from policymakers,...  View Details
      Keywords: Equality And inequality; Wealth And Poverty; Perception; Society; Policy
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      Hauser, Oliver P., and Michael I. Norton. "(Mis)perceptions of Inequality." Special Issue on Inequality and Social Class. Current Opinion in Psychology 18 (December 2017): 21–25.
      • September 2017
      • Case

      Christine Lagarde

      By: Julie Battilana, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas and Noemie Assenat
      The case covers the youth and career trajectory of Christine Lagarde across her time at Baker & McKenzie, as a minister in the government of France and as the head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The case highlights the challenges and opportunities she faced...  View Details
      Keywords: Power And Influence; Leadership; Gender; Change; Personal Development And Career; Power And Influence; Leadership; Gender; Leading Change
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      Battilana, Julie, Carin-Isabel Knoop, Vanessa Ampelas, and Noemie Assenat. "Christine Lagarde." Harvard Business School Case 418-007, September 2017.
      • July 2017 (Revised March 2019)
      • Technical Note

      The Future of Mobility: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications

      By: George Serafeim and David Freiberg
      This technical note explores how advancements in technology are fundamentally transforming how consumers interact with mobility. Transformation is being driven by three independent trends: the emergence of affordable electric vehicles, the development of autonomous...  View Details
      Keywords: Oil & Gas; Automobile Manufacturing; Technological And Scientific Innovation; Mobility; inequality; Electric Vehicles; Ride-sharing; Ambidexterity; Transformation; Disruption; Change; Technological Innovation; Transportation; Equality And inequality; Auto Industry; Technology Industry; Transportation Industry; Distribution Industry
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      Serafeim, George, and David Freiberg. "The Future of Mobility: Economic, Environmental, and Social Implications." Harvard Business School Technical Note 118-008, July 2017. (Revised March 2019.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      The Rise of American Ingenuity: Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age

      By: Ufuk Akcigit, John Grigsby and Tom Nicholas
      We examine the golden age of U.S. innovation by undertaking a major data collection exercise linking inventors from historical U.S. patents to Federal Censuses between 1880 and 1940 and to regional economic aggregates. We provide a theoretical framework to motivate the...  View Details
      Keywords: Economic Development; Patents; Economic Growth; Innovation And Invention; Demographics
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      Akcigit, Ufuk, John Grigsby, and Tom Nicholas. "The Rise of American Ingenuity: Innovation and Inventors of the Golden Age." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-063, January 2017. (Revised June 2017.)
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      Popular Acceptance of Inequality Due to Innate Brute Luck and Support for Classical Benefit-Based Taxation

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl
      U.S. survey respondents' views on distributive justice are shown to differ in two specific, related ways from what is conventionally assumed in modern optimal tax research. A large share of respondents, and in some cases a large majority, resist the full equalization...  View Details
      Keywords: Equality And inequality; Attitudes; Taxation; Theory; United States
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C. "Popular Acceptance of Inequality Due to Innate Brute Luck and Support for Classical Benefit-Based Taxation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 16-104, March 2016. (Revised July 2016. Also NBER Working Paper Series, No. 22462, July 2016. Also see Notes on Fortune article. Accepted for publication by the Journal of Public Economics.)
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      Income Inequity and Income Inequality
      Income Inequality: What’s the Right Amount?
      Summing Up Are Education And Mobility The Keys To Reaching The Right Amount Of Inequality? Questions about the right amount of inequality provoked...
      → Search All HBS Web
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