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- September 20, 2024
- Article
It’s Time to Unbundle ESG
By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
ESG is at an inflection point. It has come to represent a broad and inchoate aspiration for what business should be doing beyond maximizing shareholder value. With ESG advocates on the defensive, business leaders need a new roadmap to determine which factors to...
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Keywords:
ESG;
ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
ESG Ratings;
ESG Reporting;
ESG Disclosure;
Sustainability;
Climate;
Climate Finance;
Climate Risk;
Social Accounting;
Investment;
Governance;
Safety;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Services Industry
- August 2024
- Article
Not a One-Trick Pony: Price Impact of Rating Agency Information
By: Michael Machokoto and Anywhere Sikochi
Prior literature on the informational role of credit rating agencies has largely focused on announcements by the rating agencies regarding rating actions. We take a tangent in this paper and examine the relevance of rating agencies' other information disclosures beyond...
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- July–August 2024
- Article
Disclosing Downstream Emissions
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
An increasing number of companies are using the E-liability carbon-accounting method as an important tool for tracking progress toward reducing global emissions in their supply chains. The system does not require formal accounting for downstream emissions—those...
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- June 2024
- Simulation
Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions Calculator
This Vehicle Lifecycle Emissions Calculator calculates the greenhouse gas emissions over the lifespan of internal combustion engine (ICEs) vehicles, battery electric vehicles (BEVs), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), including those associated with their...
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Keywords:
Decarbonization;
Environment;
Carbon Accounting;
Carbon;
Carbon Abatement;
Electric Vehicles;
Automobiles;
Environmental Accounting;
Environmental Management;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Supply Chain;
Business and Stakeholder Relations;
Climate Change;
Transportation;
Transportation Industry;
Auto Industry;
Battery Industry
- May 2024 (Revised June 2024)
- Case
Together for Sustainability
This case documents the origin and development of Together for Sustainability (TfS), a chemical industry initiative dedicated to raising sustainability standards throughout the industry’s supply chains. In 2011, six Chief Procurement Officers (CPOs) from some of the...
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- April 2024 (Revised May 2024)
- Case
Anthropic: Building Safe AI
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Shweta Bagai
In March 2024, Anthropic, a leading AI safety and research company, made headlines with the launch of Claude 3, its most advanced AI model. This marked Anthropic’s bold entry into the multimodal GenAI domain, showcasing capabilities extending to both image and text...
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- 2024
- Working Paper
Human-Computer Interactions in Demand Forecasting and Labor Scheduling Decisions
By: Caleb Kwon, Ananth Raman and Jorge Tamayo
We investigate whether corporate officers should grant managers discretion to override AI-driven demand forecasts and labor scheduling tools. Analyzing five years of administrative data from a large grocery retailer using such an AI tool, encompassing over 500 stores,...
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- 2024
- Working Paper
The Effects of Medical Debt Relief: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments
By: Raymond Kluender, Neale Mahoney, Francis Wong and Wesley Yin
Two in five Americans have medical debt, nearly half of whom owe at least $2,500. Concerned by this burden, governments and private donors have undertaken large, high-profile efforts to relieve medical debt. We partnered with RIP Medical Debt to conduct two randomized...
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- March 2024
- Case
From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (A)
By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
In the summer of 2023, Eduard (“Eddie”) Croitoru, Vice President (VP) of ICL Group (“ICL”) Corporate Initiatives, was reflecting on ICL’s internal ideation program, the Business Innovation for Growth (BIG) Accelerator. When Raviv Zoller became the CEO of ICL in 2018,...
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Keywords:
Change Management;
Agribusiness;
Accounting;
Communication;
Renewable Energy;
Chemicals;
Machinery and Machining;
Metals and Minerals;
Mining;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Values and Beliefs;
Environmental Sustainability;
Natural Resources;
Globalization;
Information Technology;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Leadership;
Organizational Culture;
Personal Development and Career;
Talent and Talent Management;
Manufacturing Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Israel;
China;
United States
- March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
- Supplement
From 'BIG' Ideas to Sustainable Impact at ICL Group (B)
By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
In August 2023, Raviv Zoller, CEO of ICL Group, discussed his upcoming business trip to St. Louis with Eduard Croitoru, VP of ICL Corporate Initiatives, to commemorate the construction of ICL's new $400 million advanced manufacturing facility. In preparation for the...
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Keywords:
Change Management;
Agribusiness;
Accounting;
Communication;
Renewable Energy;
Chemicals;
Machinery and Machining;
Metals and Minerals;
Mining;
Social Entrepreneurship;
Corporate Entrepreneurship;
Values and Beliefs;
Environmental Sustainability;
Natural Resources;
Globalization;
Information Technology;
Collaborative Innovation and Invention;
Leadership;
Organizational Culture;
Personal Development and Career;
Partners and Partnerships;
Manufacturing Industry;
Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry;
Chemical Industry;
Battery Industry;
Israel;
United States;
China
- March 2024
- Module Note
Accounting Standards for the 21st Century
By: Jonas Heese
Over the past two decades, accounting standards have evolved to meet the demands of a rapidly changing business environment. This module note focuses on understanding the impact of these standards on measuring firm performance and financial position in the context of a...
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- February 2024 (Revised February 2024)
- Case
CLSA: Integrating ESG in Stock Valuation
By: Shirley Lu, Aaron Yoon and Billy Chan
In 2023, a senior financial analyst at the Hong Kong-based stock brokerage firm CLSA was surprised to see that, based on his calculations, the financial impact from climate risks on a major Indian cement manufacturing company’s projected earnings could be massive....
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- 2024
- Working Paper
Principles and Content for Downstream Emissions Disclosures
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Karthik Ramanna
In a previous paper, we proposed the E-liability carbon accounting algorithm for companies to measure and subsequently reduce their own and their suppliers’ emissions. Some investors and stakeholders, however, want companies to also be accountable for downstream...
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- January 2024 (Revised May 2024)
- Case
Generation Investment Management: Sustainable Investing in a Warming World
By: Vikram S. Gandhi, Michael Norris and David Allen
In September 2021, the sustainable investment firm Generation Investment Management (Generation) considered whether to add Schneider Electric to the focus list of companies in which it was prepared to invest. Dedicated to promoting a sustainable world through its...
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Keywords:
Sustainable Investing;
Climate Change;
Environmental Sustainability;
Governance;
Private Equity;
Public Equity;
Financial Markets;
Investment Return;
Investment Activism;
Investment Funds;
Investment Portfolio;
Institutional Investing;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Financial Services Industry;
United Kingdom;
England;
London
- December 15, 2023
- Article
What Every Leader Needs to Know About Carbon Credits
By: Varsha Ramesh Walsh and Michael W. Toffel
Many companies have begun to look into credits to offset their emissions as a way to support their net zero goals as their target years get closer and closer. As it stands, the carbon credit market is too small to bear the brunt of reducing companies’ impacts on the...
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- 2023
- Working Paper
Accountability of Corporate Emissions Reduction Targets
By: Xiaoyan Jiang, Shawn Kim and Shirley Lu
Firms are increasingly announcing targets to reduce their carbon emissions, but it is unclear whether firms are held accountable for these targets. In this paper, we examine emissions targets that ended in 2020 to investigate the prevalence of missed targets, how firms...
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- November 2023 (Revised July 2024)
- Background Note
Corporate Climate Targets
By: Willy C. Shih, Michael W. Toffel and Kelsey Carter
Companies that are addressing climate change by mitigating their greenhouse gas emissions often set reduction targets. This note describes several types of widely used carbon reduction targets, including carbon neutral, science based, net zero, real zero, and carbon...
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- November 2023 (Revised May 2024)
- Case
Kickstarter: Crowdfunding for the Arts
By: Rohit Deshpandé and Alexis Lefort
Kickstarter was a virtual crowdfunding platform and community that allowed creators of all kinds to raise funding for creative projects. The executive team was wrestling with a tension in its business model: the organization earned the majority of its revenue from...
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- October 2023
- Case
Prime Coalition: Estimating Climate Impact
A case on CRANE, a tool to help investors and green technology companies estimate the future climate impact of new technologies and products, called emissions reduction potential (ERP). The case includes material on CRANE’s methodology for estimating future carbon...
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- October 2023
- Teaching Note
Timnit Gebru: 'SILENCED No More' on AI Bias and The Harms of Large Language Models
By: Tsedal Neeley and Tim Englehart
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 422-085. Dr. Timnit Gebru—a leading artificial intelligence (AI) computer scientist and co-lead of Google’s Ethical AI team—was messaging with one of her colleagues when she saw the words: “Did you resign?? Megan sent an email saying that...
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