Publications
Publications
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- 2018
- Working Paper
Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?
By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
We explore the conditions under which firms maintain their competitive advantage through sustainability-based differentiation when faced with imitation pressures by industry peers. We document growing intraindustry convergence on sustainability actions over time for...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Corporate Performance;
Industry Analysis;
Csr;
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Environment;
Social Responsibility;
Strategy And Execution;
Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Performance;
Corporate Strategy
- November 2017
- Teaching Note
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Teaching Note for HBS No. 718-426.
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking...
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Keywords:
Tencent;
Tencent Holdings;
Wechat;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Video Games;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Portals;
Payments;
Mobile Payments;
O2o;
Online-to-offline;
E-commerce;
Messaging;
Subscription Model;
Freemium;
Mobile App Industry;
Smartphone;
Pc;
Monetization Strategy;
Antitrust;
Streaming;
Cloud Computing;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Alibaba;
Facebook;
Jd.com;
Tesla;
Bundling;
Synergies;
Digital Strategy;
Imitation;
Licensing;
Agility;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Joint Ventures;
Restructuring;
Communication Technology;
Blogs;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Business History;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Industry Growth;
Monopoly;
Media;
Distribution Channels;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Government Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Opportunities;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Search Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Value Creation;
Emerging Markets;
Product Development;
Segmentation;
Business Units;
Communication;
Profit;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
China;
Canton (province, China)
- September 2017
- Case
Tencent
By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
Tencent had undergone many transformations since it was founded in 1998 as a simple messaging service. In 2017, it was the largest online games provider in China with a wide range of game types, China’s largest social networking service provider with several of the...
View Details
Keywords:
Tencent;
Tencent Holdings;
Wechat;
Social Networking;
Social Networks;
Gaming;
Gaming Industry;
Video Games;
Computer Games;
Mobile Gaming;
Portals;
Payments;
Mobile Payments;
O2o;
Online-to-offline;
E-commerce;
Messaging;
Subscription Model;
Freemium;
Mobile App Industry;
Smartphone;
Pc;
Monetization Strategy;
Antitrust;
Streaming;
Cloud Computing;
Artificial Intelligence;
Big Data;
Alibaba;
Facebook;
Jd.com;
Tesla;
Bundling;
Synergies;
Digital Strategy;
Imitation;
Licensing;
Agility;
Entry Barriers;
Online Platforms;
Advertising;
Online Advertising;
Business Ventures;
Acquisition;
Mergers and Acquisitions;
Business Conglomerates;
Business Units;
Business Growth and Maturation;
Business Organization;
For-Profit Firms;
Joint Ventures;
Restructuring;
Communication;
Communication Technology;
Blogs;
Interactive Communication;
Interpersonal Communication;
Entertainment;
Film Entertainment;
Games, Gaming, and Gambling;
Music Entertainment;
Investment;
Investment Portfolio;
Price;
Profit;
Revenue;
Geographic Scope;
Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues;
Global Strategy;
Multinational Firms and Management;
Globalized Markets and Industries;
Business History;
Innovation Strategy;
Technological Innovation;
Business or Company Management;
Goals and Objectives;
Growth and Development Strategy;
Product Positioning;
Social Marketing;
Network Effects;
Emerging Markets;
Market Entry and Exit;
Market Platforms;
Two-Sided Platforms;
Industry Growth;
Monopoly;
Media;
Distribution Channels;
Product Development;
Service Delivery;
Organizational Change and Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Public Ownership;
Problems and Challenges;
Business and Government Relations;
Groups and Teams;
Networks;
Opportunities;
Social and Collaborative Networks;
Strategy;
Adaptation;
Business Strategy;
Commercialization;
Competition;
Competitive Advantage;
Competitive Strategy;
Cooperation;
Corporate Strategy;
Diversification;
Expansion;
Horizontal Integration;
Vertical Integration;
Segmentation;
Information Technology;
Internet;
Mobile Technology;
Online Technology;
Search Technology;
Software;
Technology Networks;
Technology Platform;
Web;
Web Sites;
Wireless Technology;
Value Creation;
Communications Industry;
Entertainment and Recreation Industry;
Financial Services Industry;
Information Industry;
Information Technology Industry;
Media and Broadcasting Industry;
Motion Pictures and Video Industry;
Music Industry;
Service Industry;
Technology Industry;
Telecommunications Industry;
Video Game Industry;
Web Services Industry;
Asia;
China;
Canton (province, China)
- September–October 2017
- Article
Why Do We Undervalue Competent Management?: Neither Great Leadership Nor Brilliant Strategy Matters Without Operational Excellence
By: Raffaella Sadun, Nicholas Bloom and John Van Reenen
A recurring message in business education is that you can’t compete on the basis of management processes because they’re easily copied. Operational effectiveness is table stakes in the competitive universe, it is often assumed, and thus cannot serve as a sustainable...
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- Article
Products to Platforms: Making the Leap
By: Feng Zhu and Nathan Furr
Following the path of companies such as Apple and Amazon, more and more firms are trying to become not just product purveyors but also platform providers, facilitating direct connections between customers and other groups. Although launching a platform can generate new...
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- April 2014
- Teaching Note
iMatari
By: Joseph L. Badaracco and Matthew Preble
- March 2014 (Revised March 2018)
- Case
Red Bull (A)
By: Eric Van den Steen and Carin-Isabel Knoop
Despite facing giants like Coke, Pepsi, and Budweiser—with obvious potential sources of competitive advantage—Red Bull had established itself as the U.S. market leader in energy drinks. By 2008, however, Red Bull's dominance was challenged as Monster drinks surpassed...
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- April 2013
- Article
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
This paper provides the first formal model of business model innovation. Our analysis focuses on sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic...
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- March 2013 (Revised March 2015)
- Case
iMatari
By: Joseph L. Badaracco and Matthew Preble
In late 2012, recent Harvard Business School graduate Hannah Lopez is given the opportunity to lead entry into a new market for Plámo, a company that created startup companies in Europe and emerging markets based upon existing successful business models. She had only...
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- March 2012
- Article
Why U.S. Competitiveness Matters to All of Us
By: Nitin Nohria
Americans may not realize this, but the world wants the United States to be competitive. For more than a century, global observers have considered the U.S. economy to be an exemplar and America a country to envy and imitate. Unfortunately, America's reign as the...
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- 2012
- Working Paper
The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect intellectual property (IP). We...
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- 2011
- Chapter
American Exceptionalism?: A Comparative Analysis of the Origins and Trajectory of U.S. Business Education Development
By: Rakesh Khurana
As business education in an academic setting becomes an increasingly global phenomenon, the university-based business school in America remains a unique institution. This holds true despite the fact that the American business school as it evolved in the post-World War...
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- January 2011
- Journal Article
Does Intellectual Property Rights Reform Spur Industrial Development?
By: Lee G. Branstetter, Ray Fisman, C. Fritz Foley and Kamal Saggi
An extensive theoretical literature generates ambiguous predictions concerning the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) reform on industrial development. The impact depends on whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) expand production in reforming countries...
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- October 2010 (Revised May 2012)
- Background Note
Reverse Engineering, Learning, and Innovation
By: Willy C. Shih
This background reading looks at reverse engineering in the context of piracy and knock-offs in emerging markets like China. It first considers legal aspects of reverse engineering in strong property rights regimes like the United States as a way of unpacking the legal...
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- October 2010
- Teaching Note
From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group (TN)
By: Willy C. Shih
Teaching Note for 610057.
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- August 2010 (Revised October 2010)
- Case
Patagonia
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Hyunjin Kim and Forest L. Reinhardt
Patagonia was deeply committed to the environment. This commitment, at times, conflicted with the company's goal to create the most innovative products in its industry. Patagonia's founder and executives welcomed imitation of both its environmental commitment and its...
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- 2011
- Working Paper
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
We study sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic interactions between an innovative entrant and an incumbent where the incumbent may imitate the...
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- May 2010 (Revised June 2012)
- Case
From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group
By: Willy C. Shih and Nancy Hua Dai
As Zuo Zongshen drove the transformation of the Zongshen Industrial Group from an early imitator in the motorcycle business to a company that increasingly focused on innovation as a way to get out of the hyper-competitive commodity business, he continually faced new...
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- December 2008
- Article
To Innovate or Imitate? Entry Strategy and the Role of Market Research
By: Elie Ofek and Ozge Turut