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- 2018
- Working Paper
Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?
By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
We explore the conditions under which firms maintain their competitive advantage through sustainability-based differentiation when faced with imitation pressures by industry peers. Specifically, we document growing intraindustry convergence on sustainability actions...
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Keywords:
Sustainability;
Corporate Performance;
Industry Analysis;
Csr;
Esg;
Esg (environmental, Social, Governance) Performance;
Strategy;
Environment;
Social Responsibility;
Strategy And Execution;
Corporate Social Responsibility And Impact;
Environmental Sustainability;
Strategy;
Performance;
Corporate Strategy
Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "Corporate Sustainability: A Strategy?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-065, January 2019.
- September–October 2017
- Article
Why Do We Undervalue Competent Management?: Neither Great Leadership Nor Brilliant Strategy Matters Without Operational Excellence
By: Raffaella Sadun, Nicholas Bloom and John Van Reenen
A recurring message in business education is that you can’t compete on the basis of management processes because they’re easily copied. Operational effectiveness is table stakes in the competitive universe, it is often assumed, and thus cannot serve as a sustainable...
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Keywords:
Management;
Management Analysis, Tools, And Techniques;
Management Practices And Processes;
Performance Effectiveness
Sadun, Raffaella, Nicholas Bloom, and John Van Reenen. "Why Do We Undervalue Competent Management? Neither Great Leadership Nor Brilliant Strategy Matters Without Operational Excellence." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 5 (September–October 2017): 120–127. (Winner of 59th Annual HBR McKinsey Award.)
- Article
Products to Platforms: Making the Leap
By: Feng Zhu and Nathan Furr
Following the path of companies such as Apple and Amazon, more and more firms are trying to become not just product purveyors but also platform providers, facilitating direct connections between customers and other groups. Although launching a platform can generate new...
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Zhu, Feng, and Nathan Furr. "Products to Platforms: Making the Leap." Harvard Business Review 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 72–78.
- April 2013
- Article
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
This paper provides the first formal model of business model innovation. Our analysis focuses on sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic...
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Keywords:
Business Model Innovation;
imitation;
Sponsor-based Business Model;
Strategic Revelation;
Strategic Concealment;
Business Model;
Innovation And Invention;
Price;
Competitive Strategy;
Adoption;
Value;
Duopoly And Oligopoly;
Product;
Customers;
Market Entry And Exit;
Monopoly
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models." Strategic Management Journal 34, no. 4 (April 2013): 464–482.
- March 2012
- Article
Why U.S. Competitiveness Matters to All of Us
By: Nitin Nohria
Americans may not realize this, but the world wants the United States to be competitive. For more than a century, global observers have considered the U.S. economy to be an exemplar and America a country to envy and imitate. Unfortunately, America's reign as the...
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Nohria, Nitin. "Why U.S. Competitiveness Matters to All of Us." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012).
- 2012
- Working Paper
The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation
By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect intellectual property (IP). We...
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-040, December 2011. (Revised November 2012.)
- 2011
- Chapter
American Exceptionalism?: A Comparative Analysis of the Origins and Trajectory of U.S. Business Education Development
By: Rakesh Khurana
As business education in an academic setting becomes an increasingly global phenomenon, the university-based business school in America remains a unique institution. This holds true despite the fact that the American business school as it evolved in the post-World War...
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- May 2011
- Book Review
Book review of Learning by Example: Imitation and Innovation at a Global Bank, by David Strang.
Kanter, Rosabeth M. "Book review of Learning by Example: Imitation and Innovation at a Global Bank, by David Strang." American Journal of Sociology 116, no. 6 (May 2011).
- January 2011
- Journal Article
Does Intellectual Property Rights Reform Spur Industrial Development?
By: Lee G. Branstetter, Ray Fisman, C. Fritz Foley and Kamal Saggi
An extensive theoretical literature generates ambiguous predictions concerning the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) reform on industrial development. The impact depends on whether multinational enterprises (MNEs) expand production in reforming countries...
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Keywords:
Development Economics;
Foreign Direct Investment;
Multinational Firms And Management;
Governing Rules, Regulations, And Reforms;
Intellectual Property;
Rights;
Production;
Expansion;
United States
Branstetter, Lee G., Ray Fisman, C. Fritz Foley, and Kamal Saggi. "Does Intellectual Property Rights Reform Spur Industrial Development?" Journal of International Economics 83, no. 1 (January 2011): 27–36.
- October 2010 (Revised May 2012)
- Background Note
Reverse Engineering, Learning, and Innovation
By: Willy C. Shih
This background reading looks at reverse engineering in the context of piracy and knock-offs in emerging markets like China. It first considers legal aspects of reverse engineering in strong property rights regimes like the United States as a way of unpacking the legal...
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Keywords:
Crime And Corruption;
Learning;
Engineering;
Innovation And Invention;
Intellectual Property;
Knowledge Use And Leverage;
Emerging Markets;
China;
United States
Shih, Willy C. "Reverse Engineering, Learning, and Innovation." Harvard Business School Background Note 611-039, October 2010. (Revised May 2012.)
- October 2010
- Teaching Note
From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group (TN)
By: Willy C. Shih
Teaching Note for 610057.
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- August 2010 (Revised October 2010)
- Case
Patagonia
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Hyunjin Kim and Forest L. Reinhardt
Patagonia was deeply committed to the environment. This commitment, at times, conflicted with the company's goal to create the most innovative products in its industry. Patagonia's founder and executives welcomed imitation of both its environmental commitment and its...
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Keywords:
Business History;
Environmental Sustainability;
Business Model;
Business Strategy;
Expansion;
Consumer Products Industry
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Hyunjin Kim, and Forest L. Reinhardt. "Patagonia." Harvard Business School Case 711-020, August 2010. (Revised October 2010.)
- 2011
- Working Paper
Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models
By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Feng Zhu
We study sponsor-based business model innovations where a firm monetizes its product through sponsors rather than setting prices to its customer base. We analyze strategic interactions between an innovative entrant and an incumbent where the incumbent may imitate the...
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Keywords:
Business Model;
Innovation And Invention;
Market Entry And Exit;
Competitive Strategy;
Competitive Advantage;
Value
Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Feng Zhu. "Business Model Innovation and Competitive Imitation: The Case of Sponsor-Based Business Models." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-003, July 2010. (Revised September 2011.)
- May 2010 (Revised June 2012)
- Case
From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group
By: Willy C. Shih and Nancy Hua Dai
As Zuo Zongshen drove the transformation of the Zongshen Industrial Group from an early imitator in the motorcycle business to a company that increasingly focused on innovation as a way to get out of the hyper-competitive commodity business, he continually faced new...
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Keywords:
Experience And Expertise;
Learning;
Investment;
Disruptive Innovation;
Knowledge Acquisition;
Organizational Change And Adaptation;
Organizational Structure;
Competitive Strategy;
Manufacturing Industry;
Motorcycle Industry;
China
Shih, Willy C., and Nancy Hua Dai. "From Imitation to Innovation: Zongshen Industrial Group." Harvard Business School Case 610-057, May 2010. (Revised June 2012.)
- December 2008
- Article
To Innovate or Imitate? Entry Strategy and the Role of Market Research
By: Elie Ofek and Ozge Turut
Ofek, Elie, and Ozge Turut. "To Innovate or Imitate? Entry Strategy and the Role of Market Research." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 45, no. 6 (December 2008).
- December 2008
- Case
Responding to Imitation: Intel vs. AMD in 1991
By: Dennis A. Yao
This case examines Intel's response to imitative entry by Advanced Micro Devices into the 386 microprocessor product category in which Intel had been the sole producer. The case is set in 1991 when AMD first introduces its Intel-compatible 386 processor and before...
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Keywords:
Price;
Marketing Strategy;
Market Entry And Exit;
Competition;
Hardware;
Technology Industry
Yao, Dennis A. "Responding to Imitation: Intel vs. AMD in 1991." Harvard Business School Case 709-450, December 2008.
- Article
How to Capture Value from Innovation: Shaping Intellectual Property and Industry Architecture
By: Gary P. Pisano and David J. Teece
Capturing value from innovation requires innovators to figure out how to blunt inroads into the profit stream by imitators, customers, suppliers, and other providers of complementary products and services. In making strategic decisions around technology...
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Keywords:
Technological Innovation;
Intellectual Property;
Knowledge Management;
Knowledge Sharing;
Industry Structures;
Standards;
Commercialization;
Value
Pisano, Gary P., and David J. Teece. "How to Capture Value from Innovation: Shaping Intellectual Property and Industry Architecture." Special Issue on Leading Through Innovation (50th Anniversary Issue). California Management Review 50, no. 1 (Fall 2007): 278–296.
- 2007
- Working Paper
Intellectual Property Rights, Imitation, and Foreign Direct Investment: Theory and Evidence
By: Lee Branstetter, Raymond Fisman, C. Fritz Foley and Kamal Saggi
Branstetter, Lee, Raymond Fisman, C. Fritz Foley, and Kamal Saggi. "Intellectual Property Rights, Imitation, and Foreign Direct Investment: Theory and Evidence." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13033, April 2007.
- 2006
- Other Unpublished Work
Does Competition Increase Patent Litigation? Empirical Evidence of Strategic Patenting in the Telecom Equipment Industry
By: Juan Alcacer and Rachelle C. Sampson
Anecdotal evidence suggests that patent litigation has increased in the last 20 years as firms in knowledge intensive industries use patents more frequently to protect their knowledge stocks and managers focus on extracting new revenue streams from existing patent...
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- 2006
- Chapter
Creating the Dynamics of Hard-to-Imitate Innovation
Takeuchi, Hirotaka. "Creating the Dynamics of Hard-to-Imitate Innovation." In Japan Moving Toward a More Advanced Knowledge Economy: Advanced Knowledge—Creating Companies, by Hirotaka Takeuchi and Tsutomu Shibata. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Institute (WBI), 2006.