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      • February 2023
      • Article

      Disruption and Credit Markets

      By: Bo Becker and Victoria Ivashina
      We show that over the past half century innovative disruptions were central to understanding corporate defaults. In a given year, industries experiencing abnormally high VC or IPO activity subsequently see higher default rates, higher segment exits by conglomerates,...  View Details
      Keywords: Default; Corporate Bonds; Disruption; Corporate Finance; Bonds
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      Becker, Bo, and Victoria Ivashina. "Disruption and Credit Markets." Journal of Finance 78, no. 1 (February 2023): 105–139.
      • January 2023
      • Case

      EKI Energy Services: One Billion Carbon Credits

      By: George Serafeim
      Within nine months from the time of its Initial Public Offering (IPO) in April of 2021, EKI Energy Services (EKI) shares had increased by more than 8,000%. Equally explosive was the growth of the company’s revenues and Earnings Before Interest, Taxes and Depreciation...  View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Credits; Carbon Emissions; Growth; Business Analysis; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Valuation; Climate Change; Accounting; Valuation; Transition; Renewable Energy; Analysis; Product Positioning; India
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      Serafeim, George. "EKI Energy Services: One Billion Carbon Credits." Harvard Business School Case 123-060, January 2023.
      • May 2022
      • Case

      Grupo Big Exit: Options for Advent and Walmart

      By: Victoria Ivashina, Ruth Costas and Pedro Levindo
      After conducting an impressive turnaround in Walmart’s subsidiary in Brazil, Private Equity firm Advent International has to decide how to exit this investment: through an IPO or selling the business to Carrefour.  View Details
      Keywords: Turnaround; Divestiture; Finance; Strategy; Private Equity; Brazil; Latin America
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      Ivashina, Victoria, Ruth Costas, and Pedro Levindo. "Grupo Big Exit: Options for Advent and Walmart." Harvard Business School Case 222-086, May 2022.
      • April 2022
      • Article

      The Past Is Prologue? Venture-Capital Syndicates' Collaborative Experience and Start-Up Exits

      By: Dan Wang, Emily Cox Pahnke and Rory M. McDonald
      Past research has produced contradictory insights into how prior collaboration between organizations—their relational embeddedness—impacts collective collaborative performance. We theorize that the effect of relational embeddedness on collaborative success is...  View Details
      Keywords: Inter-organizational Networks; Collaboration; Entrepreneurship; Networks; Organizations; Performance; Venture Capital
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      Wang, Dan, Emily Cox Pahnke, and Rory M. McDonald. "The Past Is Prologue? Venture-Capital Syndicates' Collaborative Experience and Start-Up Exits." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 2 (April 2022): 371–402.
      • March 2022
      • Teaching Note

      Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands

      By: Jill Avery and Sunil Gupta
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 522-051. Farfetch, a global luxury technology platform and digital marketplace had been surfing the wave of digital transformation in the luxury fashion industry since 2008. While the company’s stock price and market valuation had...  View Details
      Keywords: Brand Management; Retailing; Two Sided Markets; SaaS; Online Marketing; Marketing; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Digital Transformation; E-commerce; Digital Marketing; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry; London; United Kingdom; Portugal
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      Avery, Jill, and Sunil Gupta. "Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 522-061, March 2022.
      • January 2022
      • Supplement

      Uber in China (C): The Cost of Success for Didi

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      On June 30, 2021, ride-hailing giant Didi Chuxing (Didi) raised $4.4 billion in its initial public offering (IPO) on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the largest IPO of a Chinese company listed on an American exchange since Alibaba raised $25 billion in 2014....  View Details
      Keywords: China; Uber; Didi Chuxing; Start-up Growth; Regulation; Ride-sharing; Transportation; Business Startups; Business and Government Relations; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Growth and Development; Policy; Competition; Laws and Statutes; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Uber in China (C): The Cost of Success for Didi." Harvard Business School Supplement 322-068, January 2022.
      • November 2021 (Revised December 2022)
      • Case

      Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands

      By: Sunil Gupta, Jill Avery, Elena Corsi and Federica Gabrieli
      Farfetch, a global luxury technology platform and digital marketplace had been surfing the wave of digital transformation in the luxury fashion industry since 2008. While the company’s stock price and market valuation had fluctuated since its IPO in 2018, it had...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Marketplaces; Retailing; Internet Marketing; E-Commerce Strategy; Marketing; Marketing Strategy; Marketing Channels; Brands and Branding; Luxury; Growth and Development Strategy; Digital Transformation; E-commerce; Apparel and Accessories Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Fashion Industry; Retail Industry; Web Services Industry; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Europe; Portugal; China
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      Gupta, Sunil, Jill Avery, Elena Corsi, and Federica Gabrieli. "Farfetch: Digital Transformation for Luxury Brands." Harvard Business School Case 522-051, November 2021. (Revised December 2022.)
      • October 2021 (Revised February 2023)
      • Case

      Ant Group (A)

      By: Krishna G. Palepu, Feng Zhu, Susie L. Ma and Kerry Herman
      In 2004, Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba created Alipay, an app to facilitate payments on its e-commerce sites. As Alibaba grew, so did Alipay, until Alipay spawned its own ecosystem of financial technology products and services under the name of Ant Group. By 2020,...  View Details
      Keywords: Payment Systems; Information Technology; Value Creation; Network Effects; Strategy; Disruptive Innovation; Initial Public Offering; Technology Industry; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Palepu, Krishna G., Feng Zhu, Susie L. Ma, and Kerry Herman. "Ant Group (A)." Harvard Business School Case 122-003, October 2021. (Revised February 2023.)
      • September 2021
      • Case

      Francoise Brougher (A)

      By: Edward H. Chang, Nour Kteily and Kathleen McGinn
      Francoise Brougher was a high-powered technology executive in Silicon Valley. After successful stints at Google (where she rose to lead a $16 billion ad sales business) and Square (which she helped take public), she joined Pinterest as its first Chief Operating Officer...  View Details
      Keywords: Gender Discrimination; Personal Development and Career; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Resignation and Termination; Negotiation
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      Chang, Edward H., Nour Kteily, and Kathleen McGinn. "Francoise Brougher (A)." Harvard Business School Case 922-016, September 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      China Rapid Finance: The Collapse of China’s P2P Lending Industry

      By: William C. Kirby, Bonnie Yining Cao and John P. McHugh
      China’s peer-to-peer (P2P) lending industry had over 3,000 platforms at its height in 2015. China Risk Finance (CRF) was one of the country’s P2P success stories. With over 1 million borrowers using CRF’s platform, it raised $60 million in its 2016 IPO on the New York...  View Details
      Keywords: Financial Services; P2P Lending; Government And Business; Regulation; Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Strategy; Financial Services Industry; China
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      Kirby, William C., Bonnie Yining Cao, and John P. McHugh. "China Rapid Finance: The Collapse of China’s P2P Lending Industry." Harvard Business School Case 321-124, February 2021.
      • February 2021
      • Case

      A Cultural Transformation at Southeastern Grocers

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Jonah S. Goldberg and Joseph A. Paul
      When Anthony Hucker, the CEO of Southeastern Grocers (SEG), took over in that role in July 2017, the company was in dire financial and operational condition and was headed towards bankruptcy. SEG, the fifth largest grocery chain in the U.S. in early 2021, operated...  View Details
      Keywords: Business Transformation; Strategy Execution; Retail; Organizational Culture; Transformation; Growth and Development Strategy; Performance; Success; Retail Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Florida
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Jonah S. Goldberg, and Joseph A. Paul. "A Cultural Transformation at Southeastern Grocers." Harvard Business School Case 121-049, February 2021.
      • December 2020
      • Case

      XP: Dual Track Financing Alternatives

      By: Marco Di Maggio, Pedro Levindo and Carla Larangeira
      XP, an investment platform, was on the verge of defining whether to do an IPO or selling off a majority stake to Itaú Unibanco, Brazil´s largest financial conglomerate. Under the leadership of Guilherme Benchimol, XP´s co-founder and CEO, XP had risen to become the...  View Details
      Keywords: Financing Decisions; Expansion; Decision Choices and Conditions; Latin America; Brazil
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      Di Maggio, Marco, Pedro Levindo, and Carla Larangeira. "XP: Dual Track Financing Alternatives." Harvard Business School Case 221-029, December 2020.
      • Article

      Airbnb Slips a Grand Experiment Into Its IPO

      By: Scott Duke Kominers
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      Kominers, Scott Duke. "Airbnb Slips a Grand Experiment Into Its IPO." Bloomberg Opinion (December 4, 2020).
      • October 2020
      • Article

      Collusion in Markets with Syndication

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery and Jordan M. Barry
      Markets for IPOs and debt issuances are syndicated, in the sense that a bidder who wins a contract may invite losing bidders to join a syndicate that together fulfills the contract. We show that in markets with syndication, standard intuitions from industrial...  View Details
      Keywords: Collusion; Antitrust; IPO Underwriting; Syndication; "Repeated Games"; Markets; Game Theory
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Richard Lowery, and Jordan M. Barry. "Collusion in Markets with Syndication." Journal of Political Economy 128, no. 10 (October 2020).
      • July 2020
      • Article

      The Persistent Effect of Initial Success: Evidence from Venture Capital

      By: Ramana Nanda, Sampsa Samila and Olav Sorenson
      We use investment-level data to study performance persistence in venture capital (VC). Consistent with prior studies, we find that each additional IPO among a VC firm's first ten investments predicts as much as an 8% higher IPO rate on its subsequent investments,...  View Details
      Keywords: Performance; Monitoring; Selection; Status; Venture Capital; Performance Consistency; Investment
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      Nanda, Ramana, Sampsa Samila, and Olav Sorenson. "The Persistent Effect of Initial Success: Evidence from Venture Capital." Journal of Financial Economics 137, no. 1 (July 2020): 231–248.
      • June 2020
      • Case

      MOD Pizza: A Winning Recipe? (Abridged)

      By: Boris Groysberg, John D. Vaughan and Matthew Preble
      This is an abridged version of “MOD Pizza: A Winning Recipe?” HBS Case No. 416-004. Scott and Ally Svenson, the founders of MOD Pizza, had to make a number of decisions in planning how to scale their small company. They wanted to grow MOD from 45 stores as of May 2015...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Employees; Employee Relationship Management; Selection and Staffing; Leadership; Growth and Development Strategy; Marketing; Service Delivery; Organizational Culture; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Service Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Groysberg, Boris, John D. Vaughan, and Matthew Preble. "MOD Pizza: A Winning Recipe? (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 420-118, June 2020.
      • May 2020
      • Article

      The Creation and Evolution of Entrepreneurial Public Markets

      By: Shai Bernstein, Abhishek Dev and Josh Lerner
      This paper explores the creation and evolution of new stock exchanges around the world geared towards entrepreneurial companies, known as second-tier exchanges. Using hand-collected novel data, we document the proliferation of these new stock exchanges that were...  View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Finance; Stock Exchanges; Entrepreneurship; Finance; Initial Public Offering; Capital
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      Bernstein, Shai, Abhishek Dev, and Josh Lerner. "The Creation and Evolution of Entrepreneurial Public Markets." Journal of Financial Economics 136, no. 2 (May 2020): 307–329.
      • March 2020
      • Case

      Sizmek Chapter 11: Surviving Walled Gardens in Their Ad Tech Empire

      By: Ayelet Israeli, Danilo Tauro and Sarah Gulick
      This case provides a post-mortem of the advertising technology (adtech) company Sizmek. Sizmek grew via multiple acquisitions, with the vision of becoming an integrated adtech company that could leverage AI to buy digital media, while creating and serving display and...  View Details
      Keywords: Digital Marketing; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Mergers and Acquisitions; Applications and Software; Internet and the Web; Competition; Marketing; Advertising Industry; Web Services Industry; United States; Europe
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      Israeli, Ayelet, Danilo Tauro, and Sarah Gulick. "Sizmek Chapter 11: Surviving Walled Gardens in Their Ad Tech Empire." Harvard Business School Case 520-087, March 2020.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      WeWork Files for an IPO

      By: Lynn S. Paine and Will Hurwitz
      For the board of The We Company—better known as WeWork—August 14, 2019, promised to be a pivotal day. It was then that WeWork’s IPO prospectus, known as an S-1 filing, would be made public, giving potential investors, the media, and the general public a window into the...  View Details
      Keywords: Capital Structure; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Going Public; Leadership; Management; Private Equity; Valuation; Venture Capital; Real Estate Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Paine, Lynn S., and Will Hurwitz. "WeWork Files for an IPO." Harvard Business School Case 320-063, December 2019.
      • November 2019 (Revised April 2020)
      • Case

      Purple Innovation, Inc.: The Online to Offline Marketing Challenge

      By: Elie Ofek and Nakisha Williams
      This case focuses on Purple Innovation Inc. (Purple), a company that started out in the Direct to Consumer (DTC) mattress space. In late 2018, after a successful launch and IPO with sales predominantly originating from its website, Purple was looking to sustain its...  View Details
      Keywords: Offline Sales; Marketing Strategy; Digital Marketing; Growth and Development Strategy; Consumer Products Industry; Retail Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Nakisha Williams. "Purple Innovation, Inc.: The Online to Offline Marketing Challenge." Harvard Business School Case 520-040, November 2019. (Revised April 2020.)
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